VACUUM
·
2022
·
IF 4.11
Jinhao Zhang,Wenjia Hao,Yulan Song,Tao Huang,Rufang Peng,Bo Jin
Weak interaction is an important force widely existing in material molecules, which may affect the structure and even properties of materials , mainly including π stacking, hydrogen bond network and van der Waals force, etc. The π-stacking and hydrogen bonding networks in energetic materials have a particularly significant impact on their safety. 1,1′-dihydroxy-azobistetrazole (H 2 AzTO) with abundant hydrogen bond acceptor and dimethyl biguanide (DMG) with abundant hydrogen bond donor was selected as starting materials, then a new energetic salt with strong hydrogen bond network structure, azobistetrazole-1,1′-dioxy-dimethyl biguanide (DMGAzTO), was synthesized through an acid-base neutralization reaction. The structure of DMGAzTO was characterized by FT-IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, EA , and SC-XRD, and the thermal stability and non-isothermal thermal decomposition reaction kinetics of DMGAzTO were studied by DSC and TGA methods. The HOF , detonation velocity, and pressure ( D , P ) were calculated by Born-Haber cycle and K - J empirical formula. The friction and impact sensitivity ( FS and IS ) of the compound were examined using a BAM sensitivity tester. Results show that the DMGAzTO salt belongs to the 1:1 type with a molecule of bound water; the peak temperature of thermal decomposition is 502 K; the thermal weight loss rate is 82%; the theoretically calculated D and P are 8217 m s −1 and 27.1 GPa, and the FS and IS are 30 J and 360 N, respectively.
研究领域:
化学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
·
2022
·Vol. 46
·期 19
·9389-9396
·
IF 3.925
Yuanyuan Yao,Dongze Li,Shaohua Jin,Zifeng Wang,Dongxu Wang,Qinghai Shu
Strong corrosiveness to metals is the main factor restricting the widespread application of the insensitive explosive 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole-5-one (NTO). Herein, MXene rich in active functional groups was obtained by selective etching of Ti3AlC2, and fine-grained MXene/NTO composites with rod-like morphology were prepared by recrystallization. The incorporation of MXene not only significantly reduced the particle size of explosives from 25 to 8 μm, but also weakened the impact sensitivity from 32% to 20% and friction sensitivity from 28% to 16%. Meanwhile, the enhanced corrosion resistance and thermal stability of the resulting NTO/MXene composites benefited from the introduction of MXene. The corrosiveness of NTO aqueous solution to metals was due to the easy ionization of hydrogen in the molecular structure, MXene with active groups combined with hydrogen atoms in NTO by non-covalent bonds, resulting in difficult hydrogen ionization and corrosion resistance without changing the chemical properties of explosives. The good thermal conductivity of MXene endowed NTO with improved thermal stability and promoted the crystallization of NTO as a nucleating agent. These insensitive explosives with good comprehensive properties would be the mainstay of the upgrading of weapons and equipment.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
炸药工程
·
化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH
·
2024
·Vol. 31
·期 7
·1-11
·
IF 2.6
Zhang Jingxuan,Huang Yeming,Wang Xin,Wang Dunju
3,4-Dinitrofurazanfuroxan (DNTF) is widely used in fusion-cast-based explosive carriers owing to its low melting point, high energy, and excellent stability. To reduce the susceptibility of DNTF and improve the thermal properties, core–shell composites (DNTF@PDA@HTPB) were synthesized using the oxidative self-polymerization reaction of dopamine. The results showed that hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) was tightly coated on the surface of DNTF@PDA crystals, and the crystal structure of the high-energy crystals did not experience any significant changes during the encapsulation process. Compared with the raw DNTF, the thermal decomposition of DNTF in the DNTF@PDA and DNTF@PDA are delayed by 13.3℃ and 17.1℃, respectively. This phenomenon indicates that the thermal stability of DNTF@PDA and DNTF@PDA@HTPB composites is improved. The ignition speed of DNTF@PDA@HTPB is faster, and the flame activity is more vigorous. Meanwhile, the friction susceptibility of DNTF@PDA@HTPB is reduced by 44% compared to DNTF, and the impact susceptibility is significantly reduced by 75%. This study provides a new idea to improve fused-cast explosives' structure and combustion performance.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
爆炸物化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
·
2022
·
IF 5.546
Xinyue Deng,Shuai Xie,Wentang Wang,Chunhui Luo,Faliang Luo
Bearing several merits including resemblance to tissues, tunable conductivity, and mechanical flexibility, conductive hydrogels have been widely applied in wearable sensors, implantable bioelectronics, artificial skins, etc. However, the fragile nature, lack of self-healing capability, and insufficient sensitivities at low strains of traditional conductive hydrogels cannot meet the increasing demands of flexible electronics. Here, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were dispersed in water with the assistance of bis benzyl-modified polyethylene glycol (B-PEG 181 ), which served as additional cross-linkers to prepare hydrogel by introducing acrylamide (AM) and N , N’ -methylene bisacrylamide (MBAA). The synergy of physical entanglements and π-π interactions led to extreme stretchability (0∼132 mm/mm) and self-healable capability. In addition, the introduction of CNTs and lithium chloride endowed the hydrogel with ultra-high sensitivity (GF = 122.7, at 6.0∼8.0 mm/mm strain), superior to present sensors. Consequently, the obtained sensor could detect various human motions. It is envisioned that the remarkable performances empower the obtained gel promising applications in strain sensors, human-machine interfaces, and soft robots.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
生物医学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
FirePhysChem
·
2024
·
IF 0
Wenxiang Bian,Yaning Li,Peng Bao,Yang Chen,Yijia Guo,Boliang Wang
Ammonium dinitramide (ADN) is a high-performance, novel green oxidizer that is commonly used in solid propellants. It offers advantages such as a large oxygen balance and significant gas release, making it a promising candidate for use as an oxidizing component in composite explosives. To explore the application of ADN in composite explosives, this study investigates the compatibility between ADN, cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX), aluminum powder, and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), addressing the safety concerns associated with the use of ADN in composite explosives where RDX serves as the primary explosive. Based on this research, a series of formulations were designed, and theoretical calculations related to detonation parameters were conducted, with ammonium perchlorate (AP) serving as a parallel control to examine the detonation performance of ADN-based composite explosives. Finally, granulated powder was prepared according to the formulations to assess the mechanical sensitivity of ADN-based composite explosives. The results indicate that ADN exhibits good compatibility with RDX, aluminum powder, and TPU. Theoretical values for detonation heat, detonation velocity, and detonation volume of ADN-based composite explosives are all greater than those of AP-based composite explosives, displaying certain patterns with variations in RDX content or the ratio of aluminum powder to oxidizer. Furthermore, maintaining a moderate ratio of aluminum powder to oxidizer while reducing the content of the primary explosive can effectively lower the mechanical sensitivity of ADN-based composite explosives.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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安全技术
✓ 已验证
DOI
RSC Advances
·
2025
·Vol. 15
·期 42
·35109-35114
·
IF 4.6
Xiaoyan Zhang,Qisheng Zhang,Yunshu Zhao,Guiying Li,Tiying Jiang,Zhirong Suo,Shanhu Sun,Li Su
The oxygen balance (OB) of energetic materials plays a critical role in determining the efficiency and effectiveness of energy release during combustion or detonation. To enhance the OB and comprehensive properties of 3-picrylamino-1,2,4-triazole (PATO), which is a high-energy and low-sensitivity explosive, this study employed a self-assembly strategy to combine nitric acid with PATO, resulting in a novel 3-picrylamino-1,2,4-triazole-nitric acid self-assembled energetic material (PATO-N). Its structure was characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, and the thermal decomposition properties and impact sensitivity were measured. The detonation performances were predicted by EXPLO5 and the OB was calculated based on its molecular formula. The results indicate that the self-assembly of PATO and HNO3 effectively enhanced the explosive's OB (−67.7% to −44.6%)and promoted the completeness of the detonation reaction. PATO-N exhibits good thermal stability with an improved decomposition temperature of 315.9 °C. Its theoretical detonation velocity is 7.8 km s−1, while the detonation pressure is 25.2 Gpa. PATO-N exhibited an impact sensitivity (H50) exceeding 112.2 cm, classifying it as an insensitive energetic material.
研究领域:
材料科学
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含能材料化学
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晶体工程
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热力学分析
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爆炸物理
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Nature Communications
·
2024
·Vol. 15
·期 1
·1-11
·
IF 14.7
Mei Shuxing,Yi Haokun,Zhao Jun,Xu Yanting,Shi Lan,Qin Yajie,Jiang Yizhou,Guo Jiajie,Li Zhuo,Wu Limin
While accurate mapping of strain distribution is crucial for assessing stress concentration and estimating fatigue life in engineering applications, conventional strain sensor arrays face a great challenge in balancing sensitivity and sensing density for effective strain mapping. In this study, we present a Fowler-Nordheim tunneling effect of monodispersed spiky carbon nanosphere array on polydimethylsiloxane as strain sensor arrays to achieve a sensitivity up to 70,000, a sensing density of 100 pixel cm −2 , and logarithmic linearity over 99% within a wide strain range of 0% to 60%. The highly ordered assembly of spiky carbon nanospheres in each unit also ensures high inter-unit consistency (standard deviation ≤3.82%). Furthermore, this sensor array can conformally cover diverse surfaces, enabling accurate acquisition of strain distributions. The sensing array offers a convenient approach for mapping strain fields in various applications such as flexible electronics, soft robotics, biomechanics, and structure health monitoring.
研究领域:
材料科学
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工程学
·
柔性电子
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 4.3
Bichan Huang,Yingjie Niu,Dejin Yan,Xiaoming Chen,Teng Ma,Zhenxiang Xiong,Zihang Wang,Hui Cheng,Chenglin Yi
The rising demand for lightweight and flexible pressure sensors with sensitive sensing capabilities and resistance to high temperature is evident across various applications. However, effectively integrating these advantages in a harmonious manner poses a significant challenge. Here, an ultralight graphene oxide (GO)/MXene aerogel with low density (19 mg/cm3) has been fabricated, demonstrating excellent temperature resilience ranging from -55 °C to 300 °C. The flexible piezoresistive sensor is developed utilizing a simple vacuum freeze-drying method. The as-obtained flexible pressure sensor exhibits a notable sensitivity of 62.65 kPa
-1
, a rapid response time of 55 ms, a wide detection range of 0.2 Pa to 23 kPa, and commendable durability verified by over 5000 loaded-unloaded cycles (up to 40% strain). The sensor can detect human movements including wrist bending, finger picking, swallowing and blowing. It has exhibited exceptional pressure sensing capabilities over a wide range of -55 °C to 300 °C. The proposed polymer-free aerogel is anticipated to exhibit a broad range of temperature resistance, enhancing its potential for future applications such as energy storage and aerospace.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
传感器技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Energetic Materials Frontiers
·
2025
·
IF 3.9
Ze-tan Shen,Lei Chen,Xiang Chen,Jiu-xiang Sun,Kai-xing Deng,Bing-cheng Hu,Chong Zhang
Abatract: Hydroxylammonium pentazolate (NH 3 OHN 5 ) is regarded as a novel energetic material with outstanding performance, yet its practical application has been hindered by significant hygroscopicity and high sensitivity. To address these challenges, this study prepared a series of NH 3 OHN 5 -based energetic composite microspheres using a combined solution-suspension method and copper-alginate (CA) gel network strategy. Experimental results demonstrated that the composite microspheres maintained well-defined morphology and preserved the original crystal structure, while exhibiting significantly reduced hygroscopicity and mechanical sensitivity, with a minimum energy loss of only 2.30%. Among the suspension-coated samples, the fluororubber (F 2603 )-coated sample (F-QA) exhibited the optimal comprehensive performance, which is attributed to the superior chemical inertness and hydrophobicity of fluororubber. This translated to a 9.48% reduction in hygroscopicity and an impact sensitivity of 40 J. Among all samples, the copper alginate-coated sample (SA-3) demonstrated superior overall performance. It exhibited a uniform and well-defined spherical morphology, with a 14.28% reduction in hygroscopicity compared to the raw NH 3 OHN 5 at 25 °C and 70% relative humidity ( RH ). Additionally, its impact sensitivity (16 J) improved by 11 J compared to the raw NH 3 OHN 5 (5 J), while the friction sensitivity (144 N) rose by 102 N relative to the raw NH 3 OHN 5 (42 N). This work demonstrated that F 2603 and copper alginate are effective coating materials, providing excellent anti-hygroscopicity and reduced impact sensitivity, which promoted the application of NH 3 OHN 5 as a novel explosive in the field of energetic materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
含能材料
·
高分子化学
·
晶体工程
·
安全性能
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Materials Today Chemistry
·
2025
·
IF 6.7
Penglin Kang,Changgui Song,Fengze Cai,Jinbo Guo,Wenjie Liu,Xiaodong Li
To enhance the safety of high-energy explosives while maintaining high energy output, HMX/TATB composite particles were fabricated using a coaxial flow focusing droplet method. Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) and ethyl cellulose (EC) were employed as the binder system. The effects of varying TATB mass fractions on the morphology, particle size, thermal behavior, chemical structure, mechanical sensitivity, fluidity, ignition and combustion characteristics, and detonation performance of the composite particles were systematically investigated. The results revealed that with increasing TATB content, the particle morphology gradually transitioned from spherical to bowl-shaped and ring-shaped, primarily due to the decrease in droplet viscosity. XRD and FTIR analyses confirmed that the crystal structures of β-HMX and TATB remained stable without significant changes during the preparation process. As the TATB content increased, the composite materials exhibited delayed thermal decomposition and significantly improved impact safety, with the critical impact energy increasing by up to 900 %. Moreover, when the TATB mass fraction was 20 %, the composite particles exhibited optimal fluidity with a repose angle of 18.83°. Ignition tests and theoretical detonation calculations demonstrated that as the TATB content increased, the composite particles transitioned from combustion to thermal decomposition, thereby significantly enhancing thermal safety while maintaining a high detonation energy output. This study offers a theoretical foundation and technical pathway for designing high-energy materials that achieve a balance between energy density and safety performance.
研究领域:
含能材料
·
炸药安全性
·
微滴制备
·
复合粒子合成
·
热分析
·
爆轰物理
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Electronic Materials
·
2023
·
IF 4.7
Guifen Sun,Yongxiang Jiang,Hongchang Sun,Peng Wang,Chuizhou Meng,Shijie Guo
Flexible tactile sensors are under high pursuit for wearable electronics toward healthcare monitoring, human–machine interaction, and artificial intelligence. Permeability and hydrophobicity are emerging unique properties and require significant dedication of research efforts. Herein, we develop a type of flexible, breathable, and waterproof iontronic tactile sensor based on a nonwoven fabric platform using a facile dip-drying and solution-spraying technique. The intrinsic open-ended porous structure of the fabric offers air permeability (∼224.9 mm s–1), and the stearic acid microsheets decorated on the outside of the sensor provides effective hydrophobic protection (water contact angle ∼151.9°). The designed electrode-to-electrolyte interfacing microstructures of MXene microspheres and nanosheets on the fabric electrodes and the hierarchical structures with conical secondary features of chrysanthemum pollen on the fabric electrolyte endow the sensor with a high sensitivity of 214.92 kPa–1 and a wide detection range of 0–45 kPa. Fast response time, low detection limit, good dynamic response, and excellent stability are also achieved. With the help of a home-built mechatronic sensing system, the developed fabric tactile sensor can be practically used either as sensor units for human health status monitoring and motion detection or as a sensor array for spatial pressure distribution identification of human–object interaction.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
生物医学工程
·
可穿戴设备
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FUEL
·
2025
·
IF 7.5
Hou Conghua,Li Jingyu,Jia Xueru,Ma Jingjing,Zhang Haozhe,Luo Yuhang
RDX (Royal Demolition Explosive) is renowned for its exceptional explosive performance, yet it is prone to combustion and explosion when exposed to open flames, high temperatures, vibrations, impacts, and friction. Addressing these challenges is essential for the practical application of RDX. Molecular dynamics simulations were employed to calculate the binding energies of composite particle models with varying ratios of TATB/RDX/PVAc, revealing that the TATB/RDX/PVAc (40/55/5) combination exhibited significantly higher binding energies, indicating optimal system stability. Experimental findings indicated that the optimal processing conditions are a polymerization temperature of 60 °C, a stirring rate of 350 r/min, and an initiator dosage of 1 wt%. Consequently, TATB/RDX/PVAc/GO microspheres with uniform and dense morphology were successfully synthesized. Through the calculation and comparison of thermal decomposition kinetic parameters, it was determined that the thermal explosion critical temperature of RDX in composite particles is elevated by 4.27 °C and 2.97 °C compared to pure RDX, with the T p0 value increased by 5.5 °C and 3.85 °C, respectively. For TATB in composite particles, the thermal explosion critical temperature was raised to 21.51 °C and 17.79 °C, with the T p0 value enhanced by 22.96 °C and 18.56 °C, respectively. Furthermore, the critical impact sensitivity (55 J) is 4.5 times greater than that of refinement RDX (12 J), and the critical friction sensitivity (288 N) is twice that of refinement RDX (144 N). The results demonstrate that TATB/RDX/PVAc/GO energetic composite microspheres, prepared via the Pickering emulsion polymerization method, possess excellent thermal stability and mechanical blunt sensitivity, providing a theoretical foundation for the broad application of RDX.
研究领域:
含能材料
·
高分子化学
·
炸药工程
·
材料科学
·
化学物理
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）