The practical utilization of Li metal anodes has been significantly plagued by the challenges of uncontrollable dendritic Li growth and poor interphase instability. Here, the study reports a novel strategy to strengthen interphase and give highly efficient active seeds concurrently to stabilize Li metal via a highly lithiophilic In 2 O 3 decorated porous scaffold. In situ configurated fast-ion-transport Li 2 O-strengthened interphase layer cooperatively with highly efficient Li 13 In 3 nucleation induction can endow the uniform Li nucleation/growth and high Li utilization efficiency. As a result, the achieved modified Li metal manifests high Coulombic efficiency, ultrahigh rate performance (5 mA cm −2 ), and ultra-long lifespan cycling durability (7975 cycles). Importantly, the established Li|LiFePO 4 cells exhibit long-term cycling durability over 600 cycles at 1 C with an ultralow decay rate of ca . 0.017% per cycle. Moreover, the Li|LiCoO 2 pouch cells with ultrahigh areal capacity of ca . 3.89 mAh cm −2 also exhibit extraordinarily prolonged cycling performance with excellent capacity retention despite extremely harsh cycling conditions of low negative-to-positive-capacity (N/P) ratio of ca . 1.7 and lean electrolyte of ca . 4.9 g Ah −1 . This work enlightens a facile and effective avenue toward highly stable Li metal anode toward reliable practicability.
Towards latent heat storage for days, or even extending to months in the context of solar energy utilization, the exploration of phase change materials (PCMs) with stable supercooling and the following crystallization triggering are carried out. The present work confirmed the persistent supercooling property of the xylitol/erythritol eutectic mixture. The coupled technique combining mechanical agitation with seeding was proposed to trigger crystallization, so as to facilitate the heat retrieval whenever heat is in demand. The xylitol/erythritol eutectic keeps supercooling state without crystallization at ambient temperature for at least 10 days, thus it can serve as applicable PCM for controllable heat retrieval. Such severe supercooling is mainly attributed to the particular molecular structure of polyalcohols and dramatic increase of dynamic viscosity . In particular, on the basis of secondary nucleation principle, the coupled technique combining mechanical agitation and seeding can be a preferable technique to efficiently trigger crystallization of the present eutectic PCM , so as to realize controllable heat retrieval. Such combined technique has main advantages of high efficiency and reproducible crystallization process . The agitation duration is shortened to 1.8 min with seeding, in comparison to a longer value of 43.3 min without seeding. Although the single technique of mechanical agitation can also trigger the crystallization, the agitation is found to be time-consuming and the triggered crystallization process is in poor consistency among parallel specimens. Furthermore, the crystallization initiating is greatly advanced with high agitation rate (300 r/min), and the agitation duration to sufficiently activate crystallization can be significantly shortened. The results suggest that appropriately high agitation rate favors the efficient heat retrieval. The obtained results are helpful to gain a better understanding on the supercooled PCMs based controllable heat retrieval.
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