APPLIED CLAY SCIENCE
·
2017
·
IF 3.101
Tao Wu,Zhifen Wang,Hai Wang,Zhiqiang Zhang,Luc R. Van Loon
The through-diffusion method was employed to investigate the effect of the salt concentration on the diffusion behaviour of Re(VII) and Se(IV) in compacted bentonite . The accessible porosity , ε acc , of Re(VII) increased from 0.25 to 0.38 with an increase of the ionic strength from 0.1 to 1.0 mol/L. The dependency of the accessible porosity ε acc on the salt concentration could be described approximately by a first-order decay exponential function. The interlayer porosity of GMZ bentonite was 21% of the total porosity at a bulk dry density of 1600 kg/m 3 at 12 °C. The D e values of Re(VII) and Se(IV) increased from 2.6 × 10 − 11 to 6.1 × 10 − 11 m 2 /s and from 1.6 × 10 − 11 to 4.7 × 10 − 11 m 2 /s in GMZ bentonite with an increase of the ionic strength from 0.1 to 1.0 mol/L, respectively. In the case of Se(IV), the adsorption showed a different ionic strength dependency in GMZ bentonite and montmorillonite . The ionic strength has no significant effect on the adsorption (K d = 1.8 × 10 − 4 m 3 /kg) on GMZ bentonite, indicating the formation of inner-sphere surface complexes. In the case of synthetic montmorillonite, the K d values increased with increasing ionic strength. This can be explained by the fact that the electric potential of surface sites becomes less negative with increasing ionic strength resulting in an increase in the adsorption of Se(IV) at a pH above the point of zero salt effect (PZSE). The D e values of both Re(VII) and Se(IV) increased with increasing salt concentration. Both anions are totally excluded from the interlayer space and partially from the diffuse double layer. Ionic strength alters the effective diffusion coefficient of anions by controlling the thickness of the diffuse double layer. Anion diffusion data from the literature (effective and apparent diffusion coefficients) were satisfactorily evaluated by Archie's relation.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
地球化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Sustainable Chemistry for Climate Action
·
2023
·
IF 0
Ya-Qi Ba,Yong-Sheng Wang,Tian-Yi Li,Zhe Zheng,Guang-Ping Hao,An-Hui Lu
CO 2 capture from flue gas is one of the global urgent tasks. Adsorption separation of CO 2 is an energy-efficient way as compared to the absorption method. The central issue is to devise efficient adsorbents that work well under flue gas conditions with temperatures of 323–348 K and low CO 2 concentrations of 15%. In this work, we targeted this issue and proposed a well-controlled diffusion strategy, which is achieved over a series of poly(furfuryl alcohol)-derived carbons (PFCs) with dense and abundant ultra-micropores. As the adsorption temperature increased from 298 to 348 K, the CO 2 capture capacity is 54% kept for PFC-800, which is 1.2 times higher than that for samples without diffusion limitation. The capture of CO 2 is kinetics control at ambient temperature, however, at 348 K CO 2 with higher kinetic energy can overcome the restriction of the narrow pore entrance and the CO 2 /N 2 selectivity for simulated flue gas composition increases from 20 to 40. Furthermore, the PFCs exhibit a high CO 2 volumetric adsorption capacity of 97 cm 3 cm −3 at 298 K and 1 bar, benefiting the practical application deployed with an integrated adsorption column. The diffusion kinetics can be further tuned when altering the bulk phase into nanocoating, which would inspire their application in different scenarios.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
·
2020
·
IF 2.627
Xiaoyang Yu,Fan Li,Xuyang Miao,Ning Jiang,Ruowen Zong,Shouxiang Lu,Changhai Li
The presence of ethanol has an adverse effect on foam spreading, and ethanol fire is difficult to extinguish with aqueous fire-fighting foams. Thus, it is necessary to explore the foam formulation suitable for ethanol fuels and study the spreading behavior of foam over ethanol surface. In the current work, stable foams based on hydrocarbon surfactant (SDS), fluorocarbon surfactant (FC1157), and polymers (XG) were prepared by using the compressed-air foam system. The spreading behaviors of foam on polar ethanol and non-polar heptane surface were observed and compared. Furthermore, the effects of stabilizer concentrations, foam flow rates and expansion ratios on foam spreading performance were investigated, respectively. The results indicate that aqueous SDS foam can spread on the heptane layer continuously, but it is difficult to cover the ethanol surface. The addition of XG and FC1157 can synergistically improve the spreading performance of aqueous foam over ethanol. Depending on stabilizer concentrations, there are remarkable differences in foam spreading behaviors. Besides, different foam application parameters including expansion ratios and foam flow rates significantly affect the foam spreading rate, despite the same foam formulation. The research methods and results guide the optimal design of foam formulations as well as the practical application of aqueous foam for ethanol fire extinguishment.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
消防科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
·
2018
·Vol. 102
·期 4
·1758-1767
·
IF 2.956
Nan Jiang,Weiping Lin,Yu Zhao,Juntao Wang,Qingsong Gao,Haiyun Qu,Lin Ge,Tengfei Xie,Qiang Liu,Yubai Pan,Jiang Li
Using the tape casting method combined with vacuum sintering and hot isostatic pressing, high-quality planar waveguide YAG/10 at.%Yb:YAG/YAG ceramics were successfully prepared. For the sample presintered at 1750°C for 30 hours and then HIPed at 1700°C for 3 hours in 200 MPa argon, the in-line transmittance reached 82.5% at 400 nm and the average grain size was ~17.1 μm. The diffusion behaviors of Yb ions across the contact boundary between the cladding YAG layer and the core Yb:YAG layer were determined by Fick's second law. Then, a 1030 nm continuous-wave (CW) Yb:YAG planar waveguide ceramic laser based on the structure of master oscillator power amplification (MOPA) was realized. After a single-pass amplification, the maximum output of the ceramic slab (60 × 10 × 1 mm 3 ) reached 1251 W and the corresponding optical-to-optical efficiency was 30.0%, which is the highest output power of a Yb:YAG planar waveguide ceramic laser to the best of our knowledge.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Coatings
·
2024
·Vol. 14
·期 3
·269
·
IF 2.9
Guojie Yang,Chenbing Han,Ying Chen,Fangwei Guo,Jie Lu,Ming Zhou,Lirong Luo,Xiaofeng Zhao
(La0.2Yb0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2Gd0.2)2Zr2O7(HEZ) has shown considerable promise as a novel thermal barrier coating material for temperatures exceeding 1300 °C. This study systematically investigates the interfacial stability of (La0.2Yb0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2Gd0.2)2Zr2O7with yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), which is of paramount importance for its application in double-layer thermal barrier coatings. Our findings highlight that rare earth elements with a smaller radius diffuse more easily into the YSZ lattice, resulting in a broader diffusion zone. Simultaneously, the incorporation of rare earth elements into the YSZ lattice inhibits tetragonal-to-monoclinic phase transformation. Compared to La2Zr2O7/YSZ, HEZ/YSZ demonstrates superior high-temperature stability, which could be attributed to the higher fracture toughness and lower thermal expansion coefficient of HEZ, the absence of t-m transformation and the formation of a continuous gradient diffusion layer that minimizes interface stress. This study offers a practical strategy for designing materials for durable double-layer thermal barrier coating systems.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高温材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
MEAT SCIENCE
·
2022
·
IF 7.077
Yu Shi,Yueying Wang,Xuetao Hu,Zhihua Li,Xiaowei Huang,Jing Liang,Xinai Zhang,Di Zhang,Xiaobo Zou,Jiyong Shi
The quality of marinated meat could be assessed by the uniformity of marinade distribution within it. In this study, the diffusion behavior of sucrose inside the marinated beef was quantitatively characterized from 2D plane and 3D space using hyperspectral imaging (HSI) and finite element analysis (FEA), respectively. Visualization of sucrose content based on HSI showed that the distribution state of sucrose on marinated beef was not uniform. Subsequently, the diffusion behavior of sucrose in the 3D beef geometric model was simulated using FEA. Results revealed that the diffusion rate of sucrose on muscle tissues is significantly higher than other tissues, and the difference in diffusion behavior is the main reason for the inhomogeneous distribution of sucrose. The quantitative characterization of marinade diffusion behavior makes it possible to predict the marinade's transient distribution state, thereby determining the optimal marinade conditions for the meat. Therefore, the method proposed has practical significance for evaluating and regulating the quality of marinated meat products.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
生物物理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
·
2023
·Vol. 33
·期 44
·2307389
·
IF 19
Mengyang Wang,Hang Geng,Jichun Zhu,Yubo Cui,Shanheng Zhao,Junjie Fu,Dongxing Kou,Jie Sun,Chaoliang Zhao,Sixin Wu,Liming Ding,Zhi Zheng
One of the main issues that limits the efficiency of kesterite solar cells is the low diffusion and chemical activity of selenium clusters. Here, this work proposes a simple and effective pre-selenization strategy using Na 2 (Se 2 S) solution, which enables the direct introduction of hyperactive Se 2 , Se 3 , and Se 4 into the precursors. The results demonstrate that Se 2 , Se 3 , and Se 4 promote the formation of the Cu 2-x Se liquid phase and enhance the diffusion of elements from different micro-regions. Consequently, the ratios of Cu/(Zn + Sn) and Sn/Zn in different micro-regions of the absorber are controlled within the optimal range, exhibiting reduced fluctuations. The controlled environment suppresses the formation of Cu Zn and Sn Zn defects, as well as [2Cu Zn + Sn Zn ] defect clusters. Finally, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.86% is achieved, which is the highest PCE for kesterite solar cells made under ambient pressure and with N,N- dimethylformamide solvent.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
太阳能技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 8.1
Jialang Hu,Yan Zhang,Mingyuan Jiang,Chao Xiong,Shenwei Chen,Jin Li,Xu Li,Ziyuan Zhu,Peng Hu,Hongbing Ji
Effective separation of acetylene/ethylene (C 2 H 2 /C 2 H 4 ) mixtures by adsorption is a challenging but green method given their similar molecular characters. An increasing number of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have addressed the diffusion-related challenges to achieve the separation, yet almost all of them just focus on diffusion rates and disregard the geometrical arrangement of adsorbed molecules which exerts important effects in boosting the diffusion behaviors. Herein, we now present a paradigm using an ultramicroporous zinc-MOF (Zn-MOF, referred to as 1 ) with assessable size of 3.4 × 3.3 Å 2 , as demonstrated by single-crystal and theoretical analysis, which realizes the effective separation of C 2 H 2 from its competitors. Static adsorption isotherms indicate that 1 possesses higher C 2 H 2 uptake of 28.4 cm 3 g −1 at 298 K and 0.1 bar, achieving a high IAST selectivity of 265 among the benchmark MOFs. Theoretical calculations reveal that C 2 H 2 molecules are grasped through multiple binding interactions and adsorbed in the pore surface rather than the center of the pore, thus forming C 2 H 2 tetramer through connecting four C 2 H 2 motifs. Further, time-dependent kinetic tests coupled with molecular dynamics confirm the faster diffusion behavior for C 2 H 2 , mainly attributing to unimpeded diffusion channel. Column breakthrough tests demonstrate that 1 can easily accomplish exclusive separation of C 2 H 2 from various binary ethane dehydrogenation (EDH) and senary non-oxidative coupling of methane (non-OCM) byproducts. Specially, structurally stable 1 can be readily synthesized utilizing inexpensive raw materials, yielding the cost of only $614 per kilogram. Accordingly, this work proposes a novel strategy of wall-trapped C 2 H 2 tetramer in MOF that can effectively promote the kinetic behavior through available diffusion channel, expecting to offer a new perspective and provide guidance for future research.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
·
2021
·Vol. 329
·期 1
·149-158
·
IF 1.371
Sun Yuzhen,Zhang Hui,Lee Chuan-Pin,Luo Mingbiao,Hua Rong,Liu Weigang,Kong Jie,Hu Yanqin
For the first time in laboratory, the diffusion behavior of Se(IV) in Tamusu clayrock core was studied by means of through-diffusion method. The effects of pH, ionic strength and humic acid on the diffusion behavior of Se(IV) in clayrock were studied. The effective diffusion coefficient, distribution coefficient and rock capacity factor value were obtained. The diffusion mechanism of radionuclide in Tamusu clayrock is discussed, which can provide experimental data support and theoretical references for the pre-selection of clayrock sites and safety assessment in China’s high-level radioactive waste deep geological repository.
研究领域:
放射生物学
·
地质学
·
核废料管理
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE
·
2024
·
IF 2.4
Zhang Yuanbo,Lin Kun,Su Zijian,Chen Xijun,Ma Ke,Jiang Tao
The proportion of pellets in the blast furnace charge structure is gradually increasing, among which magnesium-bearing fluxed pellets have been widely applied due to their excellent metallurgical properties. To further determine the consolidation mechanism in different reaction layers of magnesium-bearing fluxed pellets, the phase transformation and diffusion behaviors of Fe 3 O 4 –MgO in different roasting atmospheres were investigated in this study. The results showed that Fe 2+ preferentially diffused to the MgO layer and combined with Mg 2+ to form Mg y Fe 1− y O in inert atmosphere, and then, Fe 3+ and Fe 2+ binded to Mg 2+ to form [(MgO) x (FeO) 1− x ]·Fe 2 O 3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1). The increase of roasting temperature was favorable for the entry of Mg 2+ into the spinel phase. In air atmosphere, Fe 3 O 4 was first oxidized to Fe 2 O 3 . Fe 3+ and Mg 2+ counter-diffused and then combined to Mg x Fe 3− x O 4 ( x = 1). Fe 3 O 4 reacted more readily with MgO in inert atmosphere than in air atmosphere. It was favorable to increase the oxygen partial pressure for Mg x Fe 3− x O 4 ( x = 1) generation. The diffusion rate of Mg 2+ at the interface of Fe 3 O 4 –MgO system in inert atmosphere was 1.88 µ m/min at 1200 °C, which was faster than that of 1.49 µ m/min in air atmosphere. Graphical Abstract
研究领域:
冶金学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2024
·
IF 8.3
Rongliang Shang,Yingdong Deng,Wenda Bao,Xincan Cai,Lei Cao,Yixiao Liu,Fufei Cong,Haoye Zhang,Xingzhi Wang,Xiao Yan,Jin Xie
Vapor phase infiltration (VPI) facilitates the incorporation of inorganic components into organic polymers, emerging as an effective technique for fabricating organic–inorganic hybrid materials. However, the complexity of diffusion behavior during the VPI process presents challenges in studying diffusion kinetics, particularly for highly reactive precursor–polymer systems such as trimethylaluminum (TMA) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). In this study, we investigate the VPI process of TMA in PEO using in situ quartz crystal microgravimetry (QCM), which enables measurement of diffusion behavior and kinetics with high precision due to its high temporal resolution. Our results indicate that the VPI process consists of two main regions: a rapid diffusion process, corresponding to the initial penetration of the precursor into the film, followed by a slower relaxation process, attributed to the ongoing chemical reaction. The equivalent diffusion coefficient (De) was estimated to be on the order of 10–9 cm2/s and decreased with increasing aluminum content. Using energy application as a proof-of-concept, when optimized, VPI-modified PEO films were successfully utilized as solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) for lithium metal batteries (LMBs), showcasing superior performance in mitigating lithium dendrite growth. This study offers valuable insights into the VPI process for PEO-TMA systems and provides guidance for optimizing VPI conditions to enhance the performance of advanced materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
·
聚合物科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Nano Research
·
2020
·Vol. 13
·期 10
·2641-2649
·
IF 8.183
Huang Jingbo,Yan Yucong,Li Xiao,Qiao Xurong,Wu Xingqiao,Li Junjie,Shen Rong,Yang Deren,Zhang Hui
Nanoscale Kirkendall effect has been widely used for rationally fabricating high-quality hollow nanocrystals, but often requires the intrinsic diffusion coefficient of out-diffusion materials higher than that of in-diffusion components. Here we demonstrate an unexpected Kirkendall effect that occurs in diffusing intrinsically faster Cu atoms into Pd icosahedra, leading to the formation of PdCu alloyed hollow nanocrystals. The control experiment with Pd octahedra replacing icosahedra indicates the critical role of twin boundaries in facilitating such unexpected Kirkendall effect. In addition, geometric phase analysis and density functional theory calculation show that out-diffusion of Pd atoms in the icosahedra is faster than in-diffusion of Cu atoms, particularly through the twin boundaries, upon the strain gradient with an inward distribution from tensile to compressive strains. The unexpected Kirkendall effect is also found in the interdiffusion of Ag and Pd atoms in Pd icosahedra. Our finds break the limitation of the intrinsic diffusion coefficient for the synthesis of hollow nanocrystals through Kirkendall effect and are expected to enormously enrich the family of hollow nanocrystals which have shown great potential in broad areas, such as fine chemical production, energy storage and conversion, and environmental protection. This work also provides a deep understanding in the diffusion behavior of atoms upon the strain gradient.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
纳米技术
·
理论计算
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）