Magnetic resonance (MR) angiography is one of the main diagnostic approaches for cardiac-cerebral vascular diseases. Nevertheless, the non-contrast-enhanced MR angiography suffers from its intrinsic problems derived from the blood flow-dependency, while the clinical Gd-chelating contrast agents are limited by their rapid vascular extravasation. Herein, we report a hypersensitive MR angiography strategy based on interlocking stratagem of zwitterionic Gd-chelate contrast agents (PAA-Gd). The longitudinal molar relaxivity of PAA-Gd was 4.6-times higher than that of individual Gd-chelates as well as appropriate blood half-life (73.8 min) and low immunogenicity, enabling sophisticated micro-vessels angiography with a resolution at the order of hundred micrometers. A series of animal models of cardiac-cerebrovascular diseases have been built for imaging studies on a 7.0 T MRI scanner, while the clinical translation potential of PAA-Gd has been evaluated on swine on a 3.0 T clinical MRI scanner. The current studies offer a promising strategy for precise diagnosis of vascular diseases.
Xuefeng Xing,Wanyao Liu,Tao Li,Shu Xing,Xueqi Fu,Dongyang Wu,Dianjun Liu,Zhenxin Wang
In the present work, a portable and low-cost planar waveguide based resonance light scattering (RLS) scanner (termed as: PW-RLS scanner) has been developed for microarray detection. The PW-RLS scanner employs a 2 × 4 white light emitting diode array (WLEDA) as the excitation light source, a folded optical path with a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) as the signal/image acquisition device and stepper motors with gear drives as the mechanical drive system. The biological binding/recognizing events on the microarray can be detected with an evanescent waveguide-directed illumination and light-scattering label (e.g., nanoparticles) while the microarray slide acts as an evanescent waveguide substrate. The performance of the as-developed PW-RLS scanner has been evaluated by analyzing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk genes. Highly selective and sensitive (less than 1% allele frequency at the attomole-level) T2DM risk gene detection is achieved using single-stranded DNA functionalized gold nanoparticles (ssDNA-GNPs) as detection probes. Additionally, the successful simultaneous analysis of 15 T2DM patient genotypes suggests that the device has great potential for the realization of a personalized diagnostic test for a given disease or patient follow-up.
Emulsions offer a promising approach for enhancing the bioavailability of lipophilic active compounds when administered orally. Nonetheless, the impact of lipid matrix composition on the efficacy of penetration and bioavailability remains uncertain. This research investigated the effects of solid lipid ratio in emulsions on colloidal stability, mucus permeability, and bioavailability in vivo . To assess colloidal stability in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), Turbiscan was employed. The results indicated that an elevated solid lipid ratio improved intestinal stability through the formation of aggregations that resisted pancreatic absorption, as confirmed by TEM. The absorption in various intestinal sections was tested using the Ussing Chamber model. Notably, emulsion with 0% solid lipid (G0M10) exhibited the highest cumulative permeation across the duodenum (221.2 ± 21.19 ng), jejunum (713.1 ± 20.93 ng), and ileum (1056.3 ± 392.06 ng) due to its higher in vitro release rate (> 60%) and smaller particle size. The cumulative permeation decreased with increasing solid lipid ratio. CLSM revealed that emulsions with a solid lipid ratio exceeding 50% exhibited poor mucus permeability within 15 minutes due to aggregation during the passage in the GIT. However, over an extended penetration time (30 minutes), higher permeability was observed, reaching approximately 30 μm. In vitro release studies indicated that a higher solid lipid ratio resulted in a reduced release rate of curcumin (<60%) compared to G0M10 (66.9 ± 3.58%). Correlation analysis unveiled a positive link between bioavailability and in vitro release rate, while a negative correlation emerged with the solid lipid ratio. This work underscores the significance of solid lipid ratios in emulsions for optimizing bioavailability through their influence on stability, permeability, and release of lipophilic compounds in the GIT.
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