Materials Today
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2025
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IF 22
Xianmei Huang,Weiqiang Chen,Xuan Zhou,Dhandapani Kuzhandaivel,Shuqiang Peng,Longhui Zheng,Herfried Lammer,Xiaohong Ding,Zixiang Weng,Lixin Wu
Vat photopolymerization (VPP) elastomers often suffer from poor tear resistance due to the limited ability of entangled polymer chain segments formed by free radical curing to guide crack propagation. While elastomers prepared through photo-thermal dual-curing mechanisms with highly entangled polymer chains have improved tensile properties, their permanent radical‑derived crosslinks restrict toughness optimization. Here, ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) moieties were incorporated in dynamic polyurethane acrylate, introducing quadruple hydrogen bonds as sacrificial physical crosslinking points to achieve full molecular chain extension. This strategy avoids permanent radical-derived chemical crosslinks by incorporating UPy-based reversible interactions, leading to dual improvements in crack propagation guidance and tensile performance. Unlike conventional methods relying on monomer to reduce viscosity for vat photopolymerization compatibility, the hydrogen bond-rich high-viscosity oligomer developed in this work supports direct monomer-free printing through linear scan-based vat photopolymerization (LSVP) system. Corresponding results demonstrate that 3D-printed parts achieved a tensile strength of 40.31 MPa, elongation at break of 992 %, and crucially, fracture energy reaching 189.42 kJ m −2 , which comparable to thermoplastic polyurethane. Moreover, the synergistic effect of chain entanglement and reversible bonding imparts thermoplastic-like self-healing and recyclability. This work offers a new strategy for developing photopolymerizable elastomers with integrated strength, tear resistance, and reprocessability, advancing their potential in flexible electronics and functional 3D printing.
研究领域:
高分子材料
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生物医学工程
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柔性电子
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功能3D打印
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再生医学
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组织工程
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材料科学
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生物力学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Polymer Materials
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2025
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IF 4.7
Youjie Rong,Zhuang Zhao,Pengdi Cui,Huijie Wang,Guoqing Qin,Ruiqiang Hang,Xiangyu Zhang,Xiaobo Huang,Xiaohong Yao
Hydrogel has become an ideal material for flexible wearable devices due to its flexibility and ductility. Hydrogels, by modulating the polymer network, have demonstrated various properties essential for strain sensing, including low-temperature resistance, tear resistance, and high sensitivity. Despite these advances, breakthroughs in achieving both low hysteresis and high tear resistance simultaneously remain limited. This study introduces a novel hydrophobic associating hydrogel, synthesized via photoinitiated polymerization of acrylamide (AAM) and dodecyl methacrylate (LMA). The tear resistance provided by the poly-LMA micelles resulted in a gel elongation of 1500% under notched conditions. The hydration of CaCl2 altered the distribution of hydrogen bonds and chain segments in the polymer network, and the cyclic dissipation energy of the low hysteresis gel was only 15 kJ·m–3. Utilizing digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing, the hydrogel was rapidly fabricated into complex structures, demonstrating excellent performance in flexible strain sensing applications. This approach offers a streamlined solution for developing next-generation flexible strain sensing materials, combining advanced material design with innovative fabrication techniques.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
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柔性电子学
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传感器
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3D打印技术
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Polymer Materials
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2025
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IF 4.7
Cheng Yuan,Yao Gan,Lingfeng Cui,Na Yang,Yuzhu Xiong
This study proposes a novel interface design strategy that simultaneously constructs covalent bonds and octuple hydrogen bonds at the interface between epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) and silica, synergistically enhancing the mechanical properties and dynamic durability of the composite material. To address issues such as poor dispersion of silica filler and weak interfacial bonding, the silica surface was epoxidized using γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH560) to create ESilica. A multifunctional hydrogen bond donor/acceptor cross-linker (dCB) was designed to react simultaneously with both ENR and ESilica, forming a hybrid composite interface structure incorporating both covalent bonds and dynamic hydrogen bonds. Experimental results demonstrate that, with the addition of 3 phr dCB, the tensile strength of the composite increased from 24.78 to 31.51 MPa, the fracture toughness rose from 66.95 MJ/m3 to 102.31 MJ/m3, the tear resistance improved by 70.24%, the wear resistance increased by 23.51%, and the compression heat buildup decreased by 27.2%, alongside significant enhancement in fatigue resistance. The performance improvement stems from covalent bonds providing high-strength interfacial bonding, while the octuple hydrogen bonds dissipate energy through a reversible break/reform mechanism, suppressing crack propagation and heat accumulation, and endowing the material with a degree of self-recovery capability. This composite interfacial structure effectively disperses stress through hierarchical fracture mechanisms, substantially boosting the mechanical properties and dynamic durability of the rubber composite. This work provides an important scientific foundation and practical solution for developing next-generation green rubber composites characterized by low heat generation, high wear resistance, and extended service life.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子科学
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纳米技术
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化学工程
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机械工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
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2022
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IF 10.383
Guoxian Zhang,Chunmei Li,JiaoJun Tan,Mingqi Wang,Zongxu Liu,Yafeng Ren,Ying Xue,Qiuyu Zhang
Polyurethane elastomers with mechanical robustness, tear resistance, and healing efficiency hold great potential in wearable sensors and soft robots. However, achieving excellent mechanical properties and healable capability simultaneously remains highly desirable but exclusive. Herein, we propose a straightforward procedure for double modification of poly(urethane-urea) (PUU) via thiolactone chemistry, and two different dynamic cross-linking bonds (disulfide linkages and Zn2+/imidazole coordination) are successively incorporated into the side chain of PUU, producing double cross-linking elastomers (PUU–I/Zn–S). The synergy between disulfide linkages and Zn2+/imidazole coordination forms a robust and dynamic network, endowing PUU–I/Zn–S with excellent mechanical and healing properties. The tensile stress, elongation at break, and toughness of the resultant elastomer can reach 44.06 MPa, 1000%, and 181.93 MJ m–3, respectively. Meanwhile, PUU–I/Zn–S exhibits outstanding tearing resistance with a tearing energy of 42.1 kJ m–2. The PUU–I/Zn–S can restore its mechanical robustness after self-healing at room temperature (25 ± 2 °C) or 60 °C and even maintain 91% of its original tensile strength after reprocessing two times. Additionally, PUU–I/Zn–S-based strain sensors are fabricated by introducing conductive nanofillers and demonstrate remarkable sensing capability to diverse human body motions. This work demonstrates a simple and feasible method for the postfunctionalization and enhancement of polyurethane and provides some insights into reconciling the traditional contradictory properties of mechanical robustness and healing efficiency.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
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机械工程
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可穿戴技术
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DOI
高影响因子
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
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2023
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IF 6
Haojie Qian,Xiaowen Xu
Fluorescent hydrogels with fluorescent dyes are widely used for anti-counterfeiting encryption. However, developing highly stretchable and remarkable tear-resistant hydrogels with reusable fluorescence for anti-counterfeiting purposes remains challenging. In this study, we fabricated and characterized double network (DN) hydrogels comprising polyvinyl alcohol-borax (PVA-borax) as the first network and poly(methacrylamide- co -polyethylene glycol- co -pyrenylmethyl acrylate) (P(MAM- co -PEGMA- co -PyMA)) as the second network with varying MAM to PEGMA ratios. SEM images showed the hydrogels had 3D porous structures. FT-IR and thermal properties analysis (DSC and TGA) indicated the presence of hydrogen bonds between PVA-borax and P(MAM- co -PEGMA- co -PyMA) without any chemical bonds. The red shift in characteristic absorption bands at 841 and 710 cm −1 further confirmed the presence of π-π* interactions between pyrene moieties. XRD analysis revealed no significant changes in crystalline phase of the hydrogels, which facilitated the formation of a 3D network due to abundant hydrogen bond presence. When the MAM to PEGMA ratio was adjusted to 9:2, the resulting hydrogels exhibited remarkable properties such as ultra-high stretchability (strain over 3300 %), excellent notch-insensitivity, and exceptional tear resistance (tearing energy over 3.25 × 10 5 J/m 2 ). Importantly, the hydrogel's fluorescence intensity could be reversibly changed by alternatively adding Fe 3+ and EDTA-2Na. It could be reused more than 10 times while maintaining a fluorescence intensity of around 80 %, demonstrating its reliability as a versatile hydrogel probe for Fe 3+ detection with “ON-OFF-ON” fluorescence behavior. Furthermore, the hydrogels demonstrated exceptional 2D encryption and decryption capabilities, highlighting their potential applications in information storage and data security. To improve the level of anti-counterfeiting, multiple encryption approaches such as QR codes and ASCII binary codes were rationally designed. Overall, this study successfully developed a universal DN hydrogel platform with ultra-high stretchability and remarkable tear resistance, capable of rapid encoding and decoding of complex information for smart anti-counterfeiting.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学
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纳米技术
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防伪技术
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
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2023
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IF 13.1
Mang Wu,Jianfei Ma,Xiankun Wu,Junsheng Yang,Zhongkai Wang
Recently, one of the challenges faced by autonomous self-healing materials is how to improve strength and toughness while maintaining rapid self-healing properties at ambient temperature. Herein, by integrating multi-scale dynamic physical networks that are hydrogen bonds , metal-coordination bonds, and dynamic crystalline domains in bio-based long-chain polyamides , a series of multi-scale elastomers (MSE n ) were obtained. The multi-scale dynamic physical networks endow elastomers with low initial modulus , outstanding nonlinear “J-shaped” stress-strain mechanoresponsive behavior, high tear-resistance, and good puncture properties. More importantly, the representative elastomers MSE 18 exhibit outstanding toughness (strength of 66.3 ± 1.84 MPa, elongation at break of 660 ± 17.28%, and toughness of 155 ± 4.32 MJ/m 3 ) and rapid autonomic self-healing properties (totally healed in 3 h at room temperature). The design concept indicates a promising direction for elastomers with ultra-tough mechanical properties and rapid room temperature self-healing behavior without external stimuli.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
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机械工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
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