Materials Today
·
2025
·
IF 22
Xianmei Huang,Weiqiang Chen,Xuan Zhou,Dhandapani Kuzhandaivel,Shuqiang Peng,Longhui Zheng,Herfried Lammer,Xiaohong Ding,Zixiang Weng,Lixin Wu
Vat photopolymerization (VPP) elastomers often suffer from poor tear resistance due to the limited ability of entangled polymer chain segments formed by free radical curing to guide crack propagation. While elastomers prepared through photo-thermal dual-curing mechanisms with highly entangled polymer chains have improved tensile properties, their permanent radical‑derived crosslinks restrict toughness optimization. Here, ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) moieties were incorporated in dynamic polyurethane acrylate, introducing quadruple hydrogen bonds as sacrificial physical crosslinking points to achieve full molecular chain extension. This strategy avoids permanent radical-derived chemical crosslinks by incorporating UPy-based reversible interactions, leading to dual improvements in crack propagation guidance and tensile performance. Unlike conventional methods relying on monomer to reduce viscosity for vat photopolymerization compatibility, the hydrogen bond-rich high-viscosity oligomer developed in this work supports direct monomer-free printing through linear scan-based vat photopolymerization (LSVP) system. Corresponding results demonstrate that 3D-printed parts achieved a tensile strength of 40.31 MPa, elongation at break of 992 %, and crucially, fracture energy reaching 189.42 kJ m −2 , which comparable to thermoplastic polyurethane. Moreover, the synergistic effect of chain entanglement and reversible bonding imparts thermoplastic-like self-healing and recyclability. This work offers a new strategy for developing photopolymerizable elastomers with integrated strength, tear resistance, and reprocessability, advancing their potential in flexible electronics and functional 3D printing.
研究领域:
高分子材料
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生物医学工程
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柔性电子
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功能3D打印
·
再生医学
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组织工程
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材料科学
·
生物力学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Polymer Materials
·
2025
·
IF 4.7
Youjie Rong,Zhuang Zhao,Pengdi Cui,Huijie Wang,Guoqing Qin,Ruiqiang Hang,Xiangyu Zhang,Xiaobo Huang,Xiaohong Yao
Hydrogel has become an ideal material for flexible wearable devices due to its flexibility and ductility. Hydrogels, by modulating the polymer network, have demonstrated various properties essential for strain sensing, including low-temperature resistance, tear resistance, and high sensitivity. Despite these advances, breakthroughs in achieving both low hysteresis and high tear resistance simultaneously remain limited. This study introduces a novel hydrophobic associating hydrogel, synthesized via photoinitiated polymerization of acrylamide (AAM) and dodecyl methacrylate (LMA). The tear resistance provided by the poly-LMA micelles resulted in a gel elongation of 1500% under notched conditions. The hydration of CaCl2 altered the distribution of hydrogen bonds and chain segments in the polymer network, and the cyclic dissipation energy of the low hysteresis gel was only 15 kJ·m–3. Utilizing digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing, the hydrogel was rapidly fabricated into complex structures, demonstrating excellent performance in flexible strain sensing applications. This approach offers a streamlined solution for developing next-generation flexible strain sensing materials, combining advanced material design with innovative fabrication techniques.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
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柔性电子学
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传感器
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3D打印技术
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Polymer Materials
·
2025
·
IF 4.7
Cheng Yuan,Yao Gan,Lingfeng Cui,Na Yang,Yuzhu Xiong
This study proposes a novel interface design strategy that simultaneously constructs covalent bonds and octuple hydrogen bonds at the interface between epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) and silica, synergistically enhancing the mechanical properties and dynamic durability of the composite material. To address issues such as poor dispersion of silica filler and weak interfacial bonding, the silica surface was epoxidized using γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH560) to create ESilica. A multifunctional hydrogen bond donor/acceptor cross-linker (dCB) was designed to react simultaneously with both ENR and ESilica, forming a hybrid composite interface structure incorporating both covalent bonds and dynamic hydrogen bonds. Experimental results demonstrate that, with the addition of 3 phr dCB, the tensile strength of the composite increased from 24.78 to 31.51 MPa, the fracture toughness rose from 66.95 MJ/m3 to 102.31 MJ/m3, the tear resistance improved by 70.24%, the wear resistance increased by 23.51%, and the compression heat buildup decreased by 27.2%, alongside significant enhancement in fatigue resistance. The performance improvement stems from covalent bonds providing high-strength interfacial bonding, while the octuple hydrogen bonds dissipate energy through a reversible break/reform mechanism, suppressing crack propagation and heat accumulation, and endowing the material with a degree of self-recovery capability. This composite interfacial structure effectively disperses stress through hierarchical fracture mechanisms, substantially boosting the mechanical properties and dynamic durability of the rubber composite. This work provides an important scientific foundation and practical solution for developing next-generation green rubber composites characterized by low heat generation, high wear resistance, and extended service life.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子科学
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纳米技术
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化学工程
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机械工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2022
·
IF 10.383
Guoxian Zhang,Chunmei Li,JiaoJun Tan,Mingqi Wang,Zongxu Liu,Yafeng Ren,Ying Xue,Qiuyu Zhang
Polyurethane elastomers with mechanical robustness, tear resistance, and healing efficiency hold great potential in wearable sensors and soft robots. However, achieving excellent mechanical properties and healable capability simultaneously remains highly desirable but exclusive. Herein, we propose a straightforward procedure for double modification of poly(urethane-urea) (PUU) via thiolactone chemistry, and two different dynamic cross-linking bonds (disulfide linkages and Zn2+/imidazole coordination) are successively incorporated into the side chain of PUU, producing double cross-linking elastomers (PUU–I/Zn–S). The synergy between disulfide linkages and Zn2+/imidazole coordination forms a robust and dynamic network, endowing PUU–I/Zn–S with excellent mechanical and healing properties. The tensile stress, elongation at break, and toughness of the resultant elastomer can reach 44.06 MPa, 1000%, and 181.93 MJ m–3, respectively. Meanwhile, PUU–I/Zn–S exhibits outstanding tearing resistance with a tearing energy of 42.1 kJ m–2. The PUU–I/Zn–S can restore its mechanical robustness after self-healing at room temperature (25 ± 2 °C) or 60 °C and even maintain 91% of its original tensile strength after reprocessing two times. Additionally, PUU–I/Zn–S-based strain sensors are fabricated by introducing conductive nanofillers and demonstrate remarkable sensing capability to diverse human body motions. This work demonstrates a simple and feasible method for the postfunctionalization and enhancement of polyurethane and provides some insights into reconciling the traditional contradictory properties of mechanical robustness and healing efficiency.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
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机械工程
·
可穿戴技术
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DOI
高影响因子
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
·
2023
·
IF 5.2
Xia Du,Lisheng Zhu,Youjie Rong,Xiaomin Zhang,Huijie Li,Jianhua Fei,Xiaobo Huang
In recent years, ion conductive hydrogels based on photocurable 3D printing technology have attracted wide attention in the application of wearable sensors , which greatly simplifies the manufacturing process of devices, while making devices with high sensitivity and high fidelity. However, the current ionic hydrogel network via photocuring 3D printing is mainly crosslinked by covalent bonds . Due to the lack of sufficient energy dissipation and high-functionality cross-links within the network, the gel will inevitably crack after continuous dynamic loading. Here, we designed an organic gel with excellent tear resistance, which is mainly attributed to the high-functionality cross-links constructed by nano-clay containing a large number of hydroxyl groups . Specifically, the precursor of the organic gel is mainly composed of N-methylol acrylamide (NAM), nano-clays, photoinitiator , and water-glycerol binary solvent system. After photocurable printing, lots of hydrogen bonds are formed between nano-clays and poly-NAM network, which not only provides an energy dissipation mechanism for the gel network, but also acts as a nanoscale cross-linking site to resist crack propagation during the stretching of the gel. Under the action of nano-clay, the tear resistance of the gel has been greatly improved. In addition, the sodium ions released by the nano-clay ensure the good ionic conductivity of the gel, verifying its potential as a strain sensor with high sensitivity. What's more, combining skin-like organic gels and 3D printing technology enables the manufacture of highly sensitive sensors much easier and more designable. This study not only provides a method for the preparation of high-precision ionic conductors with excellent tear resistance, but also clears the way for developing a new class of wearable devices and intelligent electronics.
研究领域:
材料科学
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可穿戴技术
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3D打印
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传感器
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纳米技术
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ADVANCED MATERIALS
·
2025
·
IF 26.8
Haiming Chen,Chengyi Huang,Kai Lu,Yanzi Gao,Jingling Yan,Zhen Wang
Ionogels with favorable mechanical robustness, high conductivity, and excellent resistance to tear and fatigue are crucial for portable energy devices and/or flexible electronics. However, the intrinsic plasticizing effect and network dilution caused by ionic liquids (IL) compromise their mechanical robustness. Herein, a confinement-locking strategy is developed to produce mechanically robust and fatigue-resistant phase-separate ionogels. First, a portion of soft segments is confined within the hard domains to buffer stress and facilitate hydrogen bonding (H-bonding) assemblies reorganization. Second, the IL are confined within soft phases, which eliminates the interference with hard segments and consequently enhances the stability of H-bonding networks. The synergistic effects of robust H-bonding networks, extensive supramolecular interactions between soft segments (polycaprolactone, PCL) and IL, strain-induced crystallization of PCL, and stress-damping by confined soft segments endow the ionogel with an exceptional combination of tensile strength (∼45.4 MPa), fracture toughness (256.1 MJ·m − 3 ), elongation at break (1576.6%), elastic recovery (>91%), ionic conductivity (1.04 mS·cm −1 ), tear strength (∼108.1 kJ·m − 2 ), and a record-high fatigue threshold (8796 J·m − 2 ), enabling the ionogel with great potential in perceptive artificial ligaments.
研究领域:
材料科学
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柔性电子学
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高分子物理
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储能技术
·
柔性电子
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2023
·
IF 15.1
Heng Xu,Jie Ji,Haozhe Li,Jing Tu,Zhijie Fan,Xiandie Zhang,Xiaode Guo
Due to the inherent weak molecular chain migration ability of hard polymer materials, leads to their inability to recover after damage. Hence, a novel approach as the “dynamic biphasic hard segment” strategy is proposed. This strategy involves introducing hard segments with both hard and soft phase structures into the molecular chain to balance high mechanical strength with self-healing properties. The essential features of dynamic biphasic hard segments include: (Ⅰ) asymmetric continuous loose structure, (Ⅱ) controllable binding energy strength, (III) sequential dissociation and recombination of multiple hydrogen bonds. To synthesize supramolecular polyurethane elastomers (PUMI-A 3 D 7 ) based on this dynamic biphasic hard segment strategy. PUMI-A 3 D 7 exhibits high mechanical strength, toughness, notch insensitivity and room temperature self-healing ability. Specifically, the mechanical tensile strength of PUMI-A 3 D 7 is 26.59 MPa, and 96.54% of its original mechanical properties can be restored within 24 h after a fracture. Using the superior properties of PUMI-A 3 D 7 as the matrix, a flexible room temperature repairable flame-retardant composite (PUMI-A 3 D 7 /Al(OH) 3 /GP) is developed. PUMI-A 3 D 7 /Al(OH) 3 /GP possesses both room temperature self-healing function and flame-retardant properties. Notably, few studies have been conducted on repairable flexible flame-retardant materials. The combination of self-healing and flame-retardant properties provides valuable guidance for the development of multi-functional materials in the future.
研究领域:
材料科学
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聚合物化学
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复合材料
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阻燃性
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART A
·
2021
·Vol. 110
·期 1
·31-42
·
IF 4.396
Fan Yang,Liangpeng Xu,Gaoyang Guo,Yunbing Wang
Population aging and the development of transcatheter aortic valve replacement boost the implantation of bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) in patients worldwide. However, the traditional glutaraldehyde cross-linked BHVs fail within 12–15 years mainly due to leaflet tear and calcification defects. In this study, a novel visible light–induced cross-linking of the porcine pericardium (PP) was realized by the photo-oxidation of the furfuryl-modified PP in the presence of Rose Bengal. The resulting material showed comparable collagen stability with the glutaraldehyde cross-linked PP and appropriate biomechanical properties such as tensile strength, modulus, and elongation, suggesting that this material could meet the general requirement for BHVs. Besides, this cross-linked PP showed significantly improved cytocompatibility compared with the Glut–cross-linked PP, with no cytotoxicity to L929 cells and the ability to support HUVECgrowth. Meanwhile, this material showed superior anti-tearing performance and much less calcification than the Glut–cross-linked PP in hope of reducing the risk of BHV failure. Considering these results, the visible light–induced cross-linking method proposed in this study could provide a promising way to construct a biocompatible and robust biomaterial for the fabrication of the BHV.
研究领域:
生物医学工程
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材料科学
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心血管医学
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组织工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
·
2023
·
IF 6
Haojie Qian,Xiaowen Xu
Fluorescent hydrogels with fluorescent dyes are widely used for anti-counterfeiting encryption. However, developing highly stretchable and remarkable tear-resistant hydrogels with reusable fluorescence for anti-counterfeiting purposes remains challenging. In this study, we fabricated and characterized double network (DN) hydrogels comprising polyvinyl alcohol-borax (PVA-borax) as the first network and poly(methacrylamide- co -polyethylene glycol- co -pyrenylmethyl acrylate) (P(MAM- co -PEGMA- co -PyMA)) as the second network with varying MAM to PEGMA ratios. SEM images showed the hydrogels had 3D porous structures. FT-IR and thermal properties analysis (DSC and TGA) indicated the presence of hydrogen bonds between PVA-borax and P(MAM- co -PEGMA- co -PyMA) without any chemical bonds. The red shift in characteristic absorption bands at 841 and 710 cm −1 further confirmed the presence of π-π* interactions between pyrene moieties. XRD analysis revealed no significant changes in crystalline phase of the hydrogels, which facilitated the formation of a 3D network due to abundant hydrogen bond presence. When the MAM to PEGMA ratio was adjusted to 9:2, the resulting hydrogels exhibited remarkable properties such as ultra-high stretchability (strain over 3300 %), excellent notch-insensitivity, and exceptional tear resistance (tearing energy over 3.25 × 10 5 J/m 2 ). Importantly, the hydrogel's fluorescence intensity could be reversibly changed by alternatively adding Fe 3+ and EDTA-2Na. It could be reused more than 10 times while maintaining a fluorescence intensity of around 80 %, demonstrating its reliability as a versatile hydrogel probe for Fe 3+ detection with “ON-OFF-ON” fluorescence behavior. Furthermore, the hydrogels demonstrated exceptional 2D encryption and decryption capabilities, highlighting their potential applications in information storage and data security. To improve the level of anti-counterfeiting, multiple encryption approaches such as QR codes and ASCII binary codes were rationally designed. Overall, this study successfully developed a universal DN hydrogel platform with ultra-high stretchability and remarkable tear resistance, capable of rapid encoding and decoding of complex information for smart anti-counterfeiting.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学
·
纳米技术
·
防伪技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
·
2023
·
IF 13.1
Mang Wu,Jianfei Ma,Xiankun Wu,Junsheng Yang,Zhongkai Wang
Recently, one of the challenges faced by autonomous self-healing materials is how to improve strength and toughness while maintaining rapid self-healing properties at ambient temperature. Herein, by integrating multi-scale dynamic physical networks that are hydrogen bonds , metal-coordination bonds, and dynamic crystalline domains in bio-based long-chain polyamides , a series of multi-scale elastomers (MSE n ) were obtained. The multi-scale dynamic physical networks endow elastomers with low initial modulus , outstanding nonlinear “J-shaped” stress-strain mechanoresponsive behavior, high tear-resistance, and good puncture properties. More importantly, the representative elastomers MSE 18 exhibit outstanding toughness (strength of 66.3 ± 1.84 MPa, elongation at break of 660 ± 17.28%, and toughness of 155 ± 4.32 MJ/m 3 ) and rapid autonomic self-healing properties (totally healed in 3 h at room temperature). The design concept indicates a promising direction for elastomers with ultra-tough mechanical properties and rapid room temperature self-healing behavior without external stimuli.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
·
机械工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）