Hydrogen production coupled with biomass upgrading is vital for future sustainable energy developments. However, most biomass electrooxidation reactions suffer from high working voltage and low current density, which substantially hinder large-scale industrial applications. Herein, we report an acidic hydrogen production system that combined anodic ascorbic acid electrooxidation with cathodic hydrogen evolution. Unlike C-H and O-H bonds cleavage with slow kinetics in conventional organic oxidation, the highly active enol structure in ascorbic acid allows for an ultralow overpotential of only 12 mV@10 mA/cm 2 using Fe single-atom catalysts, and reaches 1 A/cm 2 at only 0.75 V (versus reversible hydrogen electrode) with approximately 100% Faraday efficiency for hydrogen production. Furthermore, the fabricated two-electrode membrane-free electrolyser delivers an industrial current density of 2 A/cm 2 @1.1 V at 60 °C (2.63 kWh/Nm 3 H 2 ), which requires half of the electricity consumption in conventional water electrolysis (~5 kWh/Nm 3 H 2 ). This work provides a new avenue for achieving industrial-scale hydrogen production from biomass.
To develop a fluorine-free material of acidproof and breathable fabric, styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) blended with pitch was directly deposited on polyester/cotton blended fabric through electrospinning to fabricate a nanofibrous membrane composite fabric. Acrylic acid (AA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) were used to graft SBS to improve compatibility between SBS and pitch, and the modified temperatures were set at 40°C, 60°C and 80°C. The effects of different grafting monomers and temperatures on the properties of SBS/pitch membrane composite fabrics were explored by Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis; morphological structures, acid-resistant properties and breathability (vapor permeability and air permeability) were also examined. The results showed that modified SBS/pitch membrane composite fabrics possessed good acid resistance and modest breathability. SBS-g-MMA/pitch (means SBS grafted by MMA) exhibited the highest acid resistance due to more evenly distributed beads than original SBS/pitch membrane composite fabrics and higher roughness than SBS-g-AA/pitch (means SBS grafted by AA) membrane composite fabrics. By systematically changing the grafting temperature, SBS-g-MMA/pitch membrane composite fabrics for which SBS was grafted by MMA at 80°C presented appropriate air permeability (120.5 mm/s), modest water vapor transport rate (13,656.45 g/(m2·d)), good tensile strength (1203 N) and bursting strength (616 N), and the best acid resistance (143°); meanwhile the acid penetration level reached level 3, which was attributed to the low surface energy caused by the fused ring from the pitch and the rough surface caused by the micro-beads in the nanofibers. The obtained modified SBS/pitch membrane composite fabric could be potentially applied in acidproof fabrics.
Lei Fuan,Zhang Weibo,Zhou Yun,Zhou Ningyuan,Liu Tonghuan,Shi Keliang,Wu Wangsuo,Gao Xiaoqing,Yang Junqiang
Developing novel adsorbents for efficient U(VI) adsorption from wastewater is of great significance in both nuclear energy development and environmental protection. Herein, a novel functional resin (AO67/MA33-resin) with large particle size (100–200 μm) was controllably synthesized and employed for U(VI) elimination. The AO67/MA33-resin overcomes the shortcoming of small particle size of traditional adsorbents and shows strong antacid and high-temperature resistance stability and reusability. Meanwhile, the AO67/MA33-resin also exhibits excellent U(VI) removal ability including wide pH adaptability, fast adsorption kinetic, and high adsorption capacity. The adsorption mechanism was determined to involve chelation between amidoxime carboxyl functional groups and uranyl ions. A further application for U(VI) removal from real uranium mine wastewater was evaluated by dynamic column experiments. The present work indicated that the AO67/MA33-resin would be a promising adsorbent material for uranium removal from wastewater.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）