Identification of complex samples presents a difficult challenge for modern analytical techniques, and the differentiation among closely similar mixtures often remains indeterminate. In this article, we designed a simplified cyclic chemiluminescence (CCL) system that is able to measure multistage signals in a single sample injection. The system was used to investigate the CCL reactions of the binary, ternary, and multicomponent mixtures. Results showed that each mixture has a unique exponential decay equation (EDE) with a constant decay coefficient (k-value) to describe the change law of its multistage signals. Further studies found that different brands of liquor, beer, toner, and baby powder have different k-values, and the same brand of the commodities between different batches have the same k-values, which allows facile identification of these complex samples. We then used different catalysts to design digital codes of the k-value for further improving the identifying ability of CCL. Moreover, the multistage signals are like fingerprints and could be used for linear discriminate analysis, which provides another complementary approach for identification of complex samples. Finally, we demonstrated that CCL shows potential applications in certification and quality assurance according to the change of the k-values of the sample. This work demonstrates that excellent discrimination ability of CCL for the identification of complex samples and provides a promising technology for quality assurance.
Laser damage in films under long-term high-temperature conditions is a significant concern for advancing laser applications. This study focused on HfO2films prepared using the sol–gel method with HfCl4as a precursor. It examined the effects of temperature on various properties of the films, including their optical properties, microstructure, surface morphology, absorption, and laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT). The prepared film demonstrated desirable characteristics at the high temperature of 423 K, such as high transmittance, low absorption, and high LIDT. As the duration of its high-temperature exposure increased, the LIDT of the films gradually decreased. An intriguing finding was that the film’s LIDT exhibited an exponential decay pattern with prolonged heating time. This observation could be attributed to the power-law increase in defects on both the internal and surface areas of the film as the duration of high-temperature exposure lengthened. Moreover, even after a 15-day heating period at 423 K, the film maintained an LIDT of 12.9 J/cm2, indicating its potential applicability in practical high-temperature environments. This study provided a general pattern and a universal formula for understanding the laser damage of sol–gel films at high temperatures over time. Furthermore, it opened possibilities for future developments of laser films suitable for extreme environments.
Yi Duan,Miaobin Ye,Ye Zou,Haiyan Jiang,Shuai Zhou,Pingli Cai
In this work, cobalt-doped graphitic carbon nitride (Co-CN) was synthesized through a high-temperature calcination method and employed to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for ciprofloxacin (CIP) removal. The experimental outcomes demonstrated that under optimized conditions of 0.5 g/L 0.25Co-CN, 2 mM PMS, an initial solution pH of 7, an initial CIP concentration of 5 mg/L, and at a temperature of 30 °C, the removal efficiency of CIP can reach 99.5 % within 45 min. The kinetics of CIP removal by Co-CN activated PMS are accurately modeled by a bi-exponential decay function, indicating a CIP removal process involving both rapid and slower reaction phases. Furthermore, after five cycles of reuse, the catalyst maintained a respectable removal efficiency of 83.3 % for CIP, with pre- and post-reaction characterizations affirming the excellent reusability and stability of 0.25Co-CN. Quenching experiments and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) tests confirmed the predominance role of 1 O 2 in the catalytic degradation mechanism. The Co N 4 active sites within 0.25Co-CN were identified as crucial for adsorption and subsequent degradation of CIP. In this study, a novel kinetics model is proposed for fitting the CIP removal process under the synergistic effect of adsorption and catalysis, which provides new insights into the understanding of the dynamic process of organic pollutant removal.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）