Energies
·
2022
·Vol. 15
·期 22
·8737
·
IF 3.252
Yixin Chen,Yu Sang,Jianchun Guo,Jian Yang,Weihua Chen,Fei Liu,Ji Zeng,Botao Tang
Hydraulic fracturing is an important technology for the stimulation of oil and gas reservoirs. Conventional fracturing technology based on “sand-carrying” faces some challenges such as sand plugs; incompatibility with the well completion method; damage to the reservoir caused by the incomplete gel-breaking of the fracturing fluid; solid proppants inefficiently turning the corner in complex fracture networks, and so on. In this paper, a novel self-generated proppant fracturing fluid system is proposed to solve the above problems caused by “sand-carrying”. The advantage of the fracturing fluid system is that in the whole process of fracturing, no solid proppants will be injected. The fracturing fluid itself will transform into solid proppants in the induced fractures under high temperatures to resist fracture closure stress. The fluid system consists of two kinds of liquids. One is the phase change liquid (PCL), which occurs as a liquid–solid phase change at high-formation temperatures to form a solid proppant. The other is the non-phase change liquid (NPCL), which controls the dispersity of the PCL in the two-phase fluid system. The main building block of the PCL is confirmed to be the bisphenol-A diglycidyl ether-type epoxy resin, whereas the NPCL is mainly composed of surfactants. The viscosity, phase-change temperature, and time of the fracturing fluid system are, respectively, about 30 mPa·s, 80 °C, and 20 min.Keywords:hydraulic fracturing;fracturing fluid;proppants;self-propping;conductivity
研究领域:
石油工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Petroleum Science
·
2021
·
IF 4.09
Jian-Da Li,Gui-Cai Zhang,Ji-Jiang Ge,Wen-Li Qiao,Ping Jiang,Hai-Hua Pei
To address proppant flowback issues during post-fracturing treatments and production, self-healing elastomer modified proppants (SMPs) are proposed. Owing to their inherent self-aggregation behavior, the SMPs can aggregate together spontaneously to prevent proppant flowback and increase the pack porosity. It is noteworthy that the SMPs have a firm and dry self-healing elastomer (SE) coating, making their storage, transport and use as conventional proppants possible. The SE synthesized through polymerization is rich in amidogens and carbonyl groups as characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the proton nuclear magnetic resonance. Thermal and thermomechanical properties of the SE coating are revealed by the thermogravimetric analysis, the differential scanning calorimetry and the rheological tests. The self-aggregation behavior of the SMPs is demonstrated by the adhesion force tests. The reversible hydrogen bonding interactions in SE coating contribute to the self-aggregation behavior of the SMPs, which is revealed by the thixotropy test and the FTIR analysis at different temperatures. With the self-aggregation behavior, the crushed proppants can aggregate in situ to form a stable structure again and therefore reduce the threat of narrowing down the fracture and proppant flowback, which has an important practical significance during oil and gas production.
研究领域:
石油工程
·
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ENERGY & FUELS
·
2024
·
IF 5.2
Xiao Zhang,Zhanyi Wang,Jianan Deng,Honghao Zhao,Yuan Zhuang,Ziyi Zhang,Xiuxia Sun,Haoyu Lian,Miao Han,Yongjun Tian
In recent years, new technologies involving self-suspending proppant (SSP), which improves proppant distribution, reduces the use of chemicals in fracturing fluids, and simplifies the fracturing construction process, have become a focus of hydraulic fracturing research. However, the available products have poor suspension stability, cannot withstand high temperature and salt environments, and are highly damaging to reservoirs. In this study, we presented a novel self-suspending (HTS-SSP) proppant with excellent suspension stability, temperature resistance, and salt resistance, prepared from quartz sand, silane coupling agent, and modified polyacrylamide to achieve these properties. Wettability tests, surface morphology analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis proved that 3-methacryloxypropyltrmethoxysilane (KH570) successfully modifies quartz sand, and the HTS-SSP was synthesized. In terms of the suspension performance, HTS-SSP exhibited exceptional suspension stability due to the incorporation of KH570. It remained suspended at 150 °C or 24 wt % brine and showed excellent temperature and salt resistance. The gel-breaking fluid of the surface polymer of HTS-SSP had low damage to the reservoir, much less than the guar gum fluid. The difference between the conductivity of the aggregate remaining after HTS-SSP gel-breaking and that of unmodified quartz sand was not significant. The synthesized HTS-SSP demonstrates outstanding comprehensive performance and is an ideal candidate for reservoir development under harsh temperature and salinity conditions.
研究领域:
石油工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Geoenergy Science and Engineering
·
2023
·
IF 0
Jixing Wang,Zhongcong Zhao,Dongning Li,Xiupeng Guo,Jin Bao,Huaqiang Shi,Xinxing Ma,Xiaorong Yu
Hydraulic fracturing technology is widely used in the stimulation of oil reservoirs. However, the insufficiently broken of high-viscosity polymer that only serves the purpose of carrying proppant , which not only damages the permeability of fractures, but also causes a large amount of resource waste. Meanwhile, the high-density proppant is difficult to support micro-fractures, reducing oil and gas recovery. In response to these issues, this study designed a skeleton monomer SEC 3 R with a viscosity of 0.62 Pa s as the active monomer, and through the selection of crosslinking agents and initiators, a liquid-solid phase change self-supporting fracturing fluid was developed. It was found that when the volume ratio of phase change liquid and non-phase change liquid was 1:2, the total proportion of proppant in 20–40 mesh and 40–70 mesh was the highest, which was 96.64%. Compared to quartz sand and ceramsite proppants, liquid-solid phase change proppants have a more regular sphericity and smoother surface, which gives it better conductivity. The conductivity of liquid-solid phase change proppants with 20–40 mesh and 40–70 mesh under a closure pressure of 10 MPa was 123.50 and 39.89 μm 2 cm, respectively, and under a closure pressure of 40 MPa, the conductivity was 15.86 and 9.62 μm 2 cm, respectively. Its long-term conductivity was better than that of quartz sand proppant and similar to that of ceramsite proppant.
研究领域:
石油工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
Processes
·
2024
·Vol. 12
·期 4
·789
·
IF 2.8
Huiying Guo,Ziqiang Wang,Yuankai Zhang,Yating Sun,Sai Liu,Zhen Li,Yubo Liu,Shenglai Yang,Shuai Zhao
Shale reservoirs typically exhibit high density, necessitating the use of horizontal wells and hydraulic fracturing techniques for efficient extraction. Proppants are commonly employed in hydraulic fracturing to prevent crack closure. However, limited research has been conducted on the impact of shale mineral composition and proppant filling patterns on shale stress sensitivity. In this study, shale cylindrical core samples from two different lithologies in Jimusaer, Xinjiang in China were selected. The mineral composition and microscopic structures were tested, and a self-designed stress sensitivity testing system was employed to conduct stress sensitivity tests on natural cores and fractured cores with different proppant filling patterns. The experimental results indicate that the stress sensitivity of natural shale porous cores is weaker, with a stress sensitivity coefficient below 0.03, significantly lower than that of fractured cores. The shale mineral composition has a significant impact on stress sensitivity, with the stress sensitivity of clayey argillaceous shale cores, characterized by higher clay mineral content, being higher than that of sandy argillaceous shale, characterized by higher quartz mineral content. This pattern is also applicable to fractured cores filled with proppants, but the difference gradually diminishes with increased proppant concentration. The choice of large particles and high-concentration proppant bedding can enhance crack conductivity. Within the experimental range, the crack conductivity of 20–40 mesh quartz sand is more than three times that of 70–120 mesh quartz sand. At an effective stress of 60 MPa, the conductivity of cores with a proppant concentration of 2 kg/m2is 3.61 times that of cores with a proppant concentration of 0.3 kg/m2. Under different particle size combinations of proppant filling patterns, the crack conductivity at the crack front with large-particle proppants is 6.21 times that of mixed bedding. This study provides valuable insights for the hydraulic fracturing design of shale reservoirs and optimization of production system parameters in subsequent stages.
研究领域:
石油工程
·
地质学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2024
·
IF 5.1
Xu Zhao,Weixing Li,Xiaorong Zhang,Yingfang Xue,Jingbo Mu,Dongfang Xu,Weipeng Li,Yanming Wang,Shenjun Qin,Zhixiao Zhang
Lightweight ceramic proppants are prepared using coal gangue, fly ash, and bauxite as raw materials, and a mixture of manganese dioxide and magnesium oxide is used as composite additives. The total content of the coal gangue and fly ash in the raw materials reaches up to 70 wt%. The effects of coal gangue and fly ash precalcination, sintering temperature, and composite additive content on the phase compositions, microstructures, and performances of the resulting ceramic proppants are studied in detail. The ceramic proppant prepared at 1285 °C using 1 wt% of the composite additive is composed of quartz, corundum, and mullite. It also presents the desired sphericity, roundness, and microstructure. The apparent density, bulk density, and breakage ratio of the ceramic proppant described above are 2.55 ± 0.06 g/cm 3 , 1.03 ± 0.02 g/cm 3 , and 8.30 ± 0.68% at 35 MPa, respectively. This ceramic proppant belongs to lightweight ceramic proppants and meets the requirement of the 5K grade in the standards of SY/T 5108-2014 and API STD 19C-2018.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER BULLETIN
·
2021
·Vol. 79
·期 6
·3665-3679
·
IF 2.87
Song Lizhi,Yuan Hui,Gong Yunlei,He Changlin,Zhou Hongyu,Wan Xiaojin,Qin Wei,Yang Sen,Ren Xianyan
Abstract With the increasing difficulty in exploitation of low-permeability, high water content and other unconventional reservoirs, a new kind of proppants that possess not only ultra-light weight and high strength and but also hydrophobic performances have attracted more and more interests. Here, this kind of proppants were designed and prepared successfully in the form of polymer microspheres. What's more is that the polymer microspheres (named O-MSDBs) showing high strength and stable hydrophobicity were prepared by a one-step suspension polymerization between styrene, divinyl benzene and γ-methacryloxypropyl-trimethoxy silane accompanying with the formation of silica through sol–gel process. When compared with reported ultra-lightweight proppants (ULWPs), the O-MSDBs not only perform better in ultra-lightweight (0.9917 g·cm −3 ) and are comparable in high strength (low crushing ratio of 0.89–2.53% at 55–69 MPa), but also show new hydrophobic function. The water contact angle on the surface of O-MSDBs is 140.7° that keeps about more than 80% after mechanical abrasion or acid dissolution. The one-step facile preparation method and brilliant performances make O-MSDBs very promising to large-scale preparation and widely applied in fracturing technology as proppants. Graphical Abstract
研究领域:
材料科学
·
石油工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
·
2025
·
IF 3.2
Min Xu,Jinrong Yin,Zhenyong Li,Yangqi Jiang,Opoku Bismark,Xiaoji Fu,Yu Song,Xianyan Ren,Yuwang Zhong
To solve the problem that the self-generated proppant in fractures grows slowly and cannot support the fractures in time, nano-graphite (NG) was introduced into a phase change liquid (PCL) composed of “styrene-divinylbenzene (SDB)” and the resulting self-generated proppants were constructed with a high growth speed. The NG/PCL started the phase transition from liquid to solid after 8 min at about 55°C in the wellbore section, and the phase transition was completed for only 2.5 min at a constant temperature of 65°C in fracture. Moreover, due to the high thermal conductivity and heterogeneous nucleation of the NG powder, the maximum strength of self-generated proppant in the NG-containing system can reach about 56.2 N during its growth process, which is 34.4% higher than that of pure SDB. The yield of the well-dispersed spherical self-generated proppants NG/SDB under the completely static condition can reach about 80%, of which the proppants with a particle size of 0.4 ~ 0.7 mm account for about 80%. NG/SDB exhibited an ultra-low apparent density of approximately 1.004 g/cm 3 , high compressive strength, and a crushing ratio of less than 1% at a closure pressure of 52 MPa, which is lower than that of commercial quartz sand and ceramsite proppants. Highlights Self-generated proppants with rapid growth were developed by the introduction of NG. Positive effects of NG in PCL system are obvious on phase transition and growth. NG/SDB is qualified in phase transition timing and compressive strength. The single-microsphere yield of NG/SDB is about 80%. The crushing ratio of NG/SDB as low as 3.92% at a closure pressure of 69 MPa.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
石油工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FUEL
·
2017
·
IF 4.601
Yang Fei,Raymond L. Johnson,Mary Gonzalez,Manouchehr Haghighi,Kunakorn Pokalai
Hydraulic fracturing is one of the most effective and efficient methods to enhance oil and gas recovery from reservoirs. Well productivity is mainly determined by the propped dimensions of the fracture. However, the propped dimensions are controlled by proppant transport and proppant placement, of which settling and convection are the controlling mechanisms. In this paper, a new concept is described to overcome the problem of proppant settling during a foam fracturing treatment and prior to fracture closure . This new concept consists of introducing nanoparticles into the base fracturing fluid system to stabilize the foam structure and reduce proppant settling. The results show that foam stability directly influences proppant placement and final fracture conductivity. When foam fracturing fluids experience long closure times, most often as a result of low leakoff, foam breakage occurs. This breakage results in proppant settling and accumulation at the bottom of the fracture, reducing propped dimensions. Whilst, high pumping rates and foam quality provide greater initial propped area, foam stability is major factor controlling the final propped area and productivity. Experimental results show that foam stability increases 2–3-fold in presence of 0.8-wt% silica nanoparticles under 90 °C. The enhancement of foam stability using nanoparticles, particularly foam life-time, allows better proppant suspension, maintains post-fracture conductivity, and minimizes productivity losses. This work is intended to guide the practitioner in the use of nano-stabilized foam to improve unconventional reservoir stimulation .
研究领域:
石油工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Geoenergy Science and Engineering
·
2025
·
IF 4.6
Xu Liang,Ke Xu,Qingzhong Zhu,Dingwei Weng,Pinhong Zhu,Cunchuan Zheng,Wei Wang
Due to the contradiction between the size, sedimentation of proppants and the complex fracture network created by low-viscosity fluids, fractures of various sizes are difficult to be effectively supported through traditional hydraulic fracturing technology, thus the in-situ self-propping fracturing fluid (ISSPFF) technology came into being. This technology only injects liquid into the wellbore to create fractures, autogenous proppants (APs) are then formed in the reservoir in situ with the increased temperature, which greatly improves the efficiency of reservoir stimulation. Herein, styrene is first selected as the polymerization reaction monomer for the synthesis of a novel ISSPFF system and the corresponding APs. Owing to the reduced interfacial energy, a stable water/oil dispersion system of the ISSPFF is formed, further confirmed by the molecular dynamics simulation. By optimizing component concentrations, the synthesized APs exhibit remarkable properties of uniform particle size, enhanced compressive strength, high conductivity, and long-term stability, better than those of the quartz sand. On this basis, the solidification behavior of the ISSPFF system with formation fluids, core column, crustal stress, and narrow fractures is thoroughly explored. The ISSPFF system can effectively open and support the microfractures with the average permeability and Kirschner permeability increased by 18 times and 42 times, respectively, revealing its great potential in improving the conductivity of microfractures. As a result, the developed ISSPFF system is highly expected to be applied in hydraulic fracturing for unconventional reservoir stimulation.
研究领域:
石油工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Omega
·
2020
·
IF 2.87
Wenjie Lan,Yingchun Niu,Mao Sheng,Zhaohui Lu,Yong Yuan,Ye Zhang,Yang Zhou,Quan Xu
Proppant is a key material, which can increase the production of unconventional petroleum and gas. Excellent proppants with a long migration distance are required in the fracture network. Resin-coated proppants have been confirmed as a good choice because of the long migration and the self-suspending ability in fracturing fluids. However, the distribution of the resin-coated proppants in fracture networks is random. The design of proppants with targeted adsorption is urgently needed. In this study, a novel proppant coated with a phenolic resin shell doped with Fe3O4 nanoparticles on ceramic (coated proppant) was designed and investigated. Based on the results, the coated proppant was adsorbed on the magnetic component’s parts of the fracture network surface, which helps in enhancing the uniform distribution of the proppant in the fracture rock cracks. Meanwhile, the self-suspending ability of the coated proppant is five times higher than that of the uncoated proppant and can migrate a longer distance in the fracture network. Moreover, the liquid conductivity of the coated proppant is 30% higher than that of the uncoated ones at a closure pressure of 6.9 MPa. In summary, new insights into the design of functional proppants and further guidelines on the production of unconventional petroleum and gas have been provided in this study.
研究领域:
石油工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
·
2017
·
IF 4.421
Yang Fei,Jingyi Zhu,Binyu Xu,Xiaogang Li,Mary Gonzalez,Manouchehr Haghighi
Regarding the novel application of nanoparticles in enhanced oil recovery, the objective of this study was to investigate the potential of silica nanoparticles to stabilize foam under high-temperature conditions and exhibit an improved capacity to suspend proppants for hydraulic fracturing applications. In this study, a regular anionic surfactant was employed as the foaming agent and a worm-like micelle (WLM) surfactant was employed as the foam viscosifer and silica nanoparticles. The results indicate that the SiO 2 nanoparticles and WLMs exhibit a synergistic effect in terms of foam rheology and stability, which significantly improves the proppant suspension capabilities for petroleum applications.
研究领域:
石油工程
·
纳米技术
·
表面化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）