Physical and electrochemical characteristics of aluminium secondary battery systems based on aluminium anodes, sulfur–carbon cathodes and ionic liquid electrolytes were investigated. Aluminium chloride (AlCl 3 )/triethylamine hydrochloride (Et 3 NHCl) ionic liquids were used as the electrolytes. Toluene, benzene, dichloromethane (DCM), and 1,2-dichlorethane (DCE) were tested as the additives to modify the performance of ionic liquid electrolytes. DCM and DCE were found to be the better choices, with 0.2 as the optimized volume ratio of organic solvent to ionic liquid. The additives have functions of reducing the viscosities and elevating the conductivities of ionic liquid electrolytes, while having little influence on the thermal stability of battery system in normal working temperature range. To assess the electrochemical properties of the electrolytes, galvanostatic charge/discharge studies were performed at the cell voltage of 2.4 V to 0.6 V at a constant current discharge of 15 mA/g. The cell exhibits well-defined discharge voltage plateaus near 1.8 V. A discharging capacity of 113.64 mAh/g at the first cycle is obtained for the cell based on DCM-ionic liquid electrolyte, in comparison with 85.23 mAh/g for the cell based on pure IL. The discharging capacity has the highest value of 131.67 mAh/g, and remains 104.69 mAh/g after 40 cycles. This study indicates that the performance of aluminium secondary battery can be greatly improved by adding a small volume of organic additives to the ionic liquid electrolytes.
Mg-based alloy anodes suffer from severe corrosion in conventional electrolytes (KOH solution) and this substantially obstructs the cycle life, which is a great challenge for using them in the Ni-MH battery. Herein, a high concentration tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) aqueous electrolyte with a special hydrate structure is explored and enables excellent cycle stability and high capacity for Mg-based alloy anodes. In this electrolyte, the Mg 0.4 Ti 0.1 Ni 0.5 alloy anode delivers a maximum discharge capacity of 466 mAh g −1 , and maintains 210 mAh g −1 after 100 cycles owing to the reduced corrosion rate , which are much better than that in 6 M KOH electrolyte, being 425 mAh g −1 and 69 mAh g −1 , respectively. Furthermore, by in-situ forming Cu coating on the Mg 0.4 Ti 0.1 Ni 0.5 electrode surface during charging process with the adding 0.01 M of Cu(OH) 2 in TMAH electrolyte, the corrosion of the electrode is further suppressed and the reversible capacity can reach 313 mAh g −1 after 100 cycles. The high conducting Cu coating can also increase the rate capability of the electrode by promoting the charge transfer. Thus, using TMAH electrolytes provides a new approach to promote the electrochemical performances of Ni-MH batteries with Mg-based alloy anodes.
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