Journal of Fungi
·
2023
·Vol. 9
·期 10
·1040
·
IF 4.7
Yan Xie,Liuqing Shi,Keke Cheng,Yang Li,Shixiao Yu
Coevolution between the pathogen and host plant drives pathogenic effector diversity. However, the molecular mechanism behind host-specific pathogenesis remains to be explored. Here, we present a 43 Mb whole-genome sequence ofEndomelanconiopsis endophyticastrain LS29, a host-specific pathogen of the common subtropical treeCastanopsis fissa. We described its genome annotations and identified its effector candidates. By performing temporal transcriptome sequencing ofE. endophyticaonC. fissaduring early infection, we found thatE. endophyticarepressed other microbes in order to attack the tissue of the host by producing antibiotics earlier than 24 h post-inoculation (hpi). Simultaneously, a variety of effectors were secreted to recognize the host plant, but most of them showed a significantly opposing expression regulation trend after 24 hpi, indicating that 24 hpi represents a key time point between host recognition and specific infection. Furthermore, a comparison of isoenzymes showed that only a few effectors were identified as specific effectors, which were involved in hydrolyzing the compounds of the plant cell wall and releasing fatty acids during the early infection ofC. fissa. Our results determined host recognition timing and identified a specific catalog of effectors, which are crucial for revealing the molecular mechanism of host-specific pathogenesis.Keywords:comparative transcriptomics;effector;genomics;specific infection;whole-genome sequence
研究领域:
植物病理学
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分子生物学
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基因组学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY
·
2024
·Vol. 25
·期 1
·e13416
·
IF 4.8
Wanyue Li,Zeming Liu,Yuli Huang,Jie Zheng,Yang Yang,Yimeng Cao,Liwen Ding,Yuling Meng,Weixing Shan
Phytophthora infestans is a destructive oomycete that causes the late blight of potato and tomato worldwide. It secretes numerous small proteins called effectors in order to manipulate host cell components and suppress plant immunity. Identifying the targets of these effectors is crucial for understanding P. infestans pathogenesis and host plant immunity. In this study, we show that the virulence RXLR effector Pi23014 of P. infestans targets the host nucleus and chloroplasts. By using a liquid chromatogrpahy-tandem mass spectrometry assay and co-immunoprecipitation assasys, we show that it interacts with NbRBP3a, a putative glycine-rich RNA-binding protein. We confirmed the co-localization of Pi23014 and NbRBP3a within the nucleus, by using bimolecular fluorescence complementation. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR assays showed that the expression of NbRBP3a was induced in Nicotiana benthamiana during P. infestans infection and the expression of marker genes for multiple defence pathways were significantly down-regulated in NbRBP3 -silenced plants compared with GFP -silenced plants. Agrobacterium tumefaciens -mediated transient overexpression of NbRBP3a significantly enhanced plant resistance to P. infestans . Mutations in the N-terminus RNA recognition motif (RRM) of NbRBP3a abolished its interaction with Pi23014 and eliminated its capability to enhance plant resistance to leaf colonization by P. infestans . We further showed that silencing NbRBP3 reduced photosystem II activity, reduced host photosynthetic efficiency, attenuated Pi23014-mediated suppression of cell death triggered by P. infestans pathogen-associated molecular pattern elicitor INF1 , and suppressed plant immunity.
研究领域:
植物病理学
·
分子生物学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
·
2024
·
IF 6.7
Yu Liu,Shuyi Liu,Deshuai Zhen,Ji Huang,Fengjiao He
The detection of DNA methylation at cytosine/guanine dinucleotide (CpG) islands in promoter regions of tumor suppressor genes has great potential for early cancer screening, diagnosis, and prognosis monitoring. Nevertheless, achieving accurate, sensitive, cost-effective, and quantitative detection of target methylated DNA remains challenging. Herein, we propose a novel piezoelectric sensor (series piezoelectric quartz crystal (SPQC)) based on transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) for detecting DNA methylation of Ras association domain family 1 isoform A (RASSF1A) tumor suppressor genes (R-5mC). The sensor employs TALEs-Ni magnetic beads to specifically recognize and separate the R-5mC, thereby improving the detection selectivity. The TALEs-Ni magnetic beads-R-5mC complex is sheared by a nucleic acid enzyme (DNAzyme) to release the single-stranded DNA (ST). ST initiates a catalyzed hairpin assembly (CHA) reaction on the surface of the electrode, which in turn triggers the hybridization chain reaction (HCR) and silver staining for enhanced detection sensitivity. The strategy exhibits a linear response in the detection of R-5mC in the range of 1 fM to 1 nM with a detection limit of 0.79 fM. R-5mC as low as 0.01% can be detected, even in the presence of large numbers of unmethylated DNA. The detection of R-5mC in circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) derived from clinical plasma specimens of lung cancer patients yielded satisfactory results.
研究领域:
生物化学
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分子生物学
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医学诊断
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
PLoS Pathogens
·
2017
·Vol. 13
·期 6
·e1006449
·
IF 6.608
Xiao Li,Chuyun Gao,Lianwei Li,Muxing Liu,Ziyi Yin,Haifeng Zhang,Xiaobo Zheng,Ping Wang,Zhengguang Zhang
Eukaryotic cells respond to environmental stimuli when cell surface receptors are bound by environmental ligands. The binding initiates a signal transduction cascade that results in the appropriate intracellular responses. Studies have shown that endocytosis is critical for receptor internalization and signaling activation. In the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae , a non-canonical G-protein coupled receptor, Pth11, and membrane sensors MoMsb2 and MoSho1 are thought to function upstream of G-protein/cAMP signaling and the Pmk1 MAPK pathway to regulate appressorium formation and pathogenesis. However, little is known about how these receptors or sensors are internalized and transported into intracellular compartments. We found that the MoEnd3 protein is important for endocytic transport and that the Δ Moend3 mutant exhibited defects in efficient internalization of Pth11 and MoSho1. The Δ Moend3 mutant was also defective in Pmk1 phosphorylation, autophagy, appressorium formation and function. Intriguingly, restoring Pmk1 phosphorylation levels in Δ Moend3 suppressed most of these defects. Moreover, we demonstrated that MoEnd3 is subject to regulation by MoArk1 through protein phosphorylation. We also found that MoEnd3 has additional functions in facilitating the secretion of effectors, including Avr-Pia and AvrPiz-t that suppress rice immunity. Taken together, our findings suggest that MoEnd3 plays a critical role in mediating receptor endocytosis that is critical for the signal transduction-regulated development and virulence of M . oryzae .
During the interaction between the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae and the host, the pathogen employs a series of receptors and sensors at the plasma membrane to recognize host surface cues and to activate signal transduction pathways required for appressorium formation and pathogenicity. We found that MoEnd3-mediated endocytosis is responsible for internalization of non-canonical GPCR Pth11 and the sensor MoSho1 to endosomal compartments. This is important for activating the downstream Pmk1 MAPK pathway to control appressorium formation and penetration. MoEnd3 is regulated through phosphorylation by the actin-regulating kinase MoArk1. In addition, MoEnd3 has a role in establishing effector secretion required for suppressing rice immunity. Our studies provide evidence that endocytosis is required for normal signaling and virulence in M . oryzae .
研究领域:
植物病理学
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分子生物学
·
真菌学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS
·
2022
·Vol. 45
·期 1
·115-124
·
IF 2.716
Jin Jing-Hao,Zhou Xue,Liu Wang,Zhang Zi-Hui,Huang Shen-Xin,Zhao Wen-Jing,Chen Xiao-Ren
Objective To examine the influence of widely used protein affinity tags and the tobacco PR1a signal peptide (SP) on detection, purification and bioactivity analyses of the small oomycete apoplastic effector SCR96 in planta . Results Through agroinfiltration, the phytotoxic effector SCR96 of Phytophthora cactorum was expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf apoplast as a fusion protein carrying single affinity tag (His, HA or FLAG) at either C- or N-terminus. Leaf necrosis caused by different affinity-tagged SCR96 varied among tags and replicates. All of tagged proteins can be detected by antibodies against SCR96. All of SCR96 fusions except N-terminally fused 6His-tagged protein were detected using tag antibodies, indicating that 6His tag may be degraded when fused at N-terminus. Interestingly, C-terminal His- and FLAG-tagged SCR96 maintained the biological activity after purification. In the substitution assay of SCR96 SP, we observed that PR1a SP can lead chimeric SCR96 expression in N. benthamiana , but the replacement totally disrupted its bioactivity. Conclusion C-terminal His or FLAG tag, along with its original SP, is efficient enough to enable detection and purification of functional SCR96 from N. benthamiana leaf apoplast, which would facilitate plant–pathogen interaction studies.
研究领域:
植物病理学
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分子生物学
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蛋白质工程
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Nature Plants
·
2024
·
IF 15.8
Qi Yetong,Wu Jiahui,Yang Zhu,Li Hongjun,Liu Lang,Wang Haixia,Sun Xinyuan,Wu Xinya,Nie Jiahui,Zhou Jing,Xu Meng,Wu Xintong,Breen Susan,Yu Ruimin,Cheng Dong,Sun Qingguo,Qiu Huishan,Zuo Yingtao,Boevink Petra C.,Birch Paul R. J.,Tian Zhendong
Chloroplasts regulate plant development and immunity. Here we report that potato chloroplast elongation factors StTuA and StTuB, targeted by Phytophthora infestans RXLR effector Pi22926, positively regulate immunity and growth. Plants expressing Pi22926 , or silenced for TuA/B , show increased P. infestans susceptibility and decreased photosynthesis, plant growth and tuber yield. By contrast, StTuA / B overexpression reduces susceptibility, elevates chloroplast-derived reactive oxygen species production and increases photosynthesis and potato tuber yield by enhancing chloroplast protein translation. Another plant target of Pi22926, StMAP3Kβ2, interacts with StTuB, phosphorylating it to promote its translocation into chloroplasts. However, Pi22926 attenuates StTuB association with StMAP3Kβ2 and phosphorylation. This reduces StTuB translocation into chloroplasts, leading to its proteasome-mediated turnover in the cytoplasm. We uncover new mechanisms by which a pathogen effector inhibits immunity by disrupting key chloroplast functions. This work shows that StTuA/B break the growth–immunity trade-off, promoting both disease resistance and yield, revealing the enormous potential of chloroplast biology in crop breeding.
研究领域:
植物生物学
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分子植物病理学
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农学
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DOI
高影响因子
Phytopathology Research
·
2025
·Vol. 7
·期 1
·1-18
·
IF 3.5
Shan Jiaxin,Su Fan,Yin Jinyao,Liu Yuhan,Zhu Xuehuan,Zuo Minghao,Liu Wenbo,Lin Chunhua,Li Xiao,Miao Weiguo
Phytopathogens secrete effector proteins that disrupt plant immunity. Phytohormones, such as ethylene, function as immune signals that regulate plant responses to phytopathogens. However, the mechanisms by which powdery mildew fungi utilize effectors to manipulate ethylene signaling remain poorly understood. This study reports that Eae1, an effector from the powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe quercicola , can reduce ethylene levels and attenuate the immune response in rubber trees ( Hevea brasiliensis ), thereby promoting fungus infection. Notably, Eae1 shares homologs with effectors from other powdery mildew fungi. Our findings indicate that the Eae1 transcription can be induced by enhanced ethylene signaling. Eae1 is translocated to plant chloroplasts, where it destabilizes Hevea brasiliensis S-adenosyl-L-methionine synthetase, a key enzyme in ethylene biosynthesis, leading to reduced ethylene production. The chloroplast-localized protein Toc159/AIG1 (AIG1) may facilitate this interaction. Overall, our study reveals a mechanism by which powdery mildew fungi disrupt ethylene-mediated resistance in host plants.
研究领域:
植物病理学
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分子植物-微生物互作
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植物激素信号
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微生物效应子生物学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Advanced Science
·
2025
·
IF 14.1
Jianmei Fu,Shuai Li,jing Li,Zhichang Zhao,Jing Li,Xinyang Tan,Shan Yu,Maofeng Jing,Keyan Zhu-Salzman,Jichao Fang,Rui Ji
Plants activate defense machinery when infested by herbivorous insects but avoid such costs in the absence of herbivory. However, the key signaling pathway regulators underlying such flexibility and the mechanisms that insects exploit these components to disarm plant defense systems remain elusive. Here, it is reported that immune repressor 14-3-3e in rice Oryza sativa (OsGF14e) regulates immune homeostasis. Infestation with brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens decreased OsGF14e expression; however, the level of downregulation is limited both by the short duration and the specific feeding location. OsGF14e interacts with Enhanced Disease Resistance 1-like (OsEDR1l), a Raf-like MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK), and repressed jasmonic acid, jasmonic acid-isoleucine, and H 2 O 2 accumulation by enhancing OsEDR1l abundance and signaling ability. OsGF14e and OsEDR1l overexpression renders rice susceptible to BPH, whereas their knockout increases plant resistance but compromises rice growth and grain yield. Intriguingly, BPH 14-3-3e protein (Nl14) that shares high sequence homology and structural similarity with OsGF14e is identified from BPH saliva and egg-associated secretions. Mediated through BPH feeding and oviposition, Nl14, similar to OsGF14e, interacts with OsEDR1l and triggers the OsEDR1l signaling, thereby suppressing plant defenses and facilitating BPH infestation. Apparently, structural and functional mimicry makes it possible for this newly discovered BPH effector to exploit rice OsGF14e-EDR1l immune suppression module. The results reveal a novel mechanism deployed by herbivorous insects, in a manner similar to certain pathogen effectors, to evade host plant defenses by mimicking host immune regulators.
CAS / MDL:
研究领域:
植物学
·
植物病理学
·
昆虫学
·
分子生物学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
BIOMATERIALS
·
2023
·
IF 14
Xinming Wang,Hongpeng Shi,Shixing Huang,Yecen Zhang,Xiaojun He,Qiang Long,Bei Qian,Yiming Zhong,Zhaoxi Qi,Qiang Zhao,Xiaofeng Ye
A challenge in treating cardiac injury is the low heart-specificity of the drugs. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are a relatively new format of lipid nanoparticles which have been used to deliver RNA and drugs. However, lipid nanoparticles exhibit higher affinity to the liver than the heart. To improve the delivery efficiency of NLCs into the heart, NLCs can be embedded into a scaffold and be locally released. In this study, a cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogel-NLC composite was developed as a platform for cardiac repair . ECM-NLC composite gels at physiological conditions and releases payloads into the heart over weeks. ECM-NLC hydrogel carrying colchicine, an anti-inflammation agent, improved cardiac repair after myocardial infarction in mice. Transcriptome analysis indicated that Egfr downstream effectors participated in ECM-NLC-colchicine induced heart repair. In conclusion, ECM-NLC hydrogel is a potential platform for sustained and localized delivery of biomolecules into the heart, and loading appropriate medicines further increases the therapeutic efficacy of ECM-NLC hydrogel for cardiovascular diseases.
研究领域:
心血管科学
·
药学
·
生物材料
·
再生医学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Cell Host & Microbe
·
2023
·
IF 30.3
Chao Liu,Rui Wang,Jie Li,Feiyue Cheng,Xian Shu,Huiwei Zhao,Qiong Xue,Haiying Yu,Aici Wu,Lingyun Wang,Sushu Hu,Yihan Zhang,Jun Yang,Hua Xiang,Ming Li
CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) and Cas proteins work together to provide prokaryotes with adaptive immunity against genetic invaders like bacteriophages and plasmids. However, the coordination of crRNA production and cas expression remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that widespread modulatory mini-CRISPRs encode cas-regulating RNAs (CreRs) that mediate autorepression of type I-B, I-E, and V-A Cas proteins, based on their limited complementarity to cas promoters. This autorepression not only reduces autoimmune risks but also responds to changes in the abundance of canonical crRNAs that compete with CreR for Cas proteins. Furthermore, the CreR-guided autorepression of Cas proteins can be alleviated or even subverted by diverse bacteriophage anti-CRISPR (Acr) proteins that inhibit Cas effectors, which, in turn, promotes the generation of new Cas proteins. Our findings reveal a general RNA-guided autorepression paradigm for diverse Cas effectors, shedding light on the intricate self-coordination of CRISPR-Cas and its transcriptional counterstrategy against Acr proteins.
研究领域:
分子生物学
·
微生物学
·
遗传学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）