Pesticides are widely used in commercial goji Lycium barbarum cultivation to prevent damage of the delicate fruits by insects, potentially leading to insecticide and fungicide residues at levels dangerous to human health. In this study, removal of organophosphorus pesticide (OP) residues (i.e. omethoate and dichlorvos) from the surface of L. barbarum was conducted using a gas phase surface discharge (GPSD) plasma system. ICCD and GC–MS measurements showed that a homogeneous and uniform GPSD glow-like plasma could be achieved and the efficiency of OP residues degradation greatly depended on the applied voltage and plasma exposure time, with 99.55% and 96.83% efficiency recorded for omethoate and dichlorvos (DDVP), respectively after 30 min GPSD plasma exposure at the discharge voltage of 10 kV. FT-IR and chemical analysis of the intermediates produced during GPSD exposure revealed that the omethoate and DDVP molecules could be completely degraded into nontoxic species, at the appropriate dosage of GPSD plasma exposure, without compromising the quality of L. barbarum . Based on the experimental and simulation results, a mechanism of OP degradation attributed to energetic electrons and highly reactive species generated by GPSD plasma was proposed.
Diazinon (DZN), a persistent organophosphate insecticide, has been associated with neurotoxic effects, particularly in the hippocampus. However, the specific molecular mechanisms of DZN-induced hippocampal toxicity remain unknown. In this study, we analyzed the mRNA and miRNA expression patterns of HT22 cells following exposure to DZN (125 μM), and the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were conducted subsequently. The integration of miRNA sequencing (miRNA-seq) and mRNA sequencing (mRNA-seq) data identified 33 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMIs, 15 up-regulated and 18 down-regulated) and 271 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEMs, 69 up-regulated and 202 down-regulated) targeted by the DEMIs. Moreover, the 3 most central mRNAs (ITGAV, FN1, and EGFR) and 7 associated miRNAs (mmu-miR-700-5p, mmu-miR-26a-2-3p, mmu-miR-452-3p, mmu-miR-25-3p, mmu-miR-582-5p, mmu-miR-467a-5p, and mmu-miR-467b-5p) were screened and validated using quantitative real-time PCR. Furthermore, the GO analysis revealed that the identified DEMs were enriched in biological adhesion extracellular matrix, and growth factor binding, while the KEGG analysis suggested that the enriched DEMs were involved in ECM-receptor interaction, mTOR signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and AMPK signaling pathway. Our results may aid in elucidating the underlying mechanisms associated with DZN-induced hippocampal toxicity and provide valuable insights into the pathogenesis of neurotoxicity triggered by other organophosphorus pesticides.
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), as an essential disease biomarker, widely distributes in various tissues, and plays a significant role in diagnosis and treatment of some diseases (e.g. cancers and liver dysfunction). Dichlorvos (DDVP), as one of typical organophosphate pesticide , could be hydrolyzed by ALP. In this work, we constructed a simple but robust 4-cyano-4′-pentylbiphenyl (5CB) droplet sensing platform for sensitive and convenient detection of DDVP based on its hydrolysis by ALP. The optical responses of liquid crystals (LCs) originated from controlling orientations of 5CB by using an ALP cleavable surfactant, sodium monododecyl phosphate (SMP). A dark crossed optical image of 5CB was observed due to formation of the SMP monolayer at the aqueous/LC droplet interface. Subsequently, 5CB turned to bright fan-shaped optical appearance upon addition of ALP and SMP mixture. Interestingly, LCs remained dark crossed optical images in contact with the pre-incubated mixture of DDVP and ALP. The detection limit of DDVP reached ~0.1 ng/mL. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and humam ALP ELISA kit provided strong evidence for the detection mechanism. This strategy was also used to evaluate whether the maximum pesticide residue limits of tomatoes conform to the relevant national standard requirement or not. Our study holds promise for real-time and label-free detection of pesticides with high sensitivity by employing portable LC-based sensing platform.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）