INORGANIC CHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS
·
2025
·
IF 5.4
Yulan Hu,Ruofan Wu,Chengshuai Zhu,Binbin Du,Bingjian Zhang
Textile cultural relics, as significant carriers of human history and culture, possess irreplaceable historical, artistic, and scientific value. However, natural protein fibers such as silk are highly susceptible to microbial erosion and environmental factors, leading to mechanical degradation, chromatic deterioration, and even complete decomposition. Developing protective materials with both high-efficiency antibacterial properties and heritage compatibility is an urgent need in conservation. Electrospinning technology, which enables the integration of antibacterial active components with matrix fibers, serves as an effective approach for preparing novel antibacterial materials. This study employed electrospinning technology to fabricate nanofiber membranes using silk fibroin (SF)/polyethylene oxide (PEO) as the matrix through optimized ratios (3:7–7:3), and constructed antibacterial functional materials by incorporating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Results demonstrated that the SF/PEO (5:5) fiber membrane exhibited optimal morphology and thermal stability, with XRD confirming its β-sheet crystalline structure. Antibacterial experiments of AgNPs composite membranes deposited on silk demonstrated significant inhibitory effects against the growth of seven microbial species on the silk surface. The 30-min electrospun AgNPs/SF/PEO membrane induced minimal chromatic aberration (ΔE < 3.5) on aged silk while forming an adherent transparent protective layer. This research provides a green and removable antibacterial protection strategy for textile cultural relics, with critical implications for extending the lifespan of cultural relics.
研究领域:
文化遗产保护
·
材料科学
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纳米技术
·
微生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Coatings
·
2024
·Vol. 14
·期 10
·1240
·
IF 2.9
Xing Zhao,Xia Li,Siyu Zhang,Qing Niu,Zongmin Li,Cheng Xue
In the conservation of cultural relics, the application of Paraloid B72 in humid environments frequently results in the surface whitening of artifacts, which impairs their appearance and conceals important details. This study investigates the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon by examining the effect of ambient humidity, Paraloid B72 mass concentration, solution addition volume, and solvent type. To evaluate the microstructure, transmittance, and composition of the films, a range of analytical techniques were employed, including optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, a UV-Visible Spectrophotometer, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The findings indicate that higher ambient humidity, lower Paraloid B72 mass concentration, smaller solution addition volume, and solvents with higher volatility and water miscibility increase water content during curing, intensifying the whitening effect. These factors modify the interaction between water and solvent, altering the surface structure of Paraloid B72. The whitening mechanism is linked to the cooling effect of solvent volatility, which lowers the dew point temperature at the air–solution interface, causing moisture condensation. Moisture forms droplets that leave irregular pores upon volatility, resulting in surface roughness, optical heterogeneity, and a reduced refractive index, resulting in whitening. This study provides a theoretical basis for understanding and preventing the whitening of Paraloid B72.
研究领域:
材料科学
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文化遗产保护
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
MOLECULES
·
2024
·Vol. 29
·期 8
·1834
·
IF 4.2
Mengruo Wu,Le Mu,Zhiyue Zhang,Xiangna Han,Hong Guo,Liuyang Han
Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) is the most commonly used silicon-based reinforcement agent for conserving art relics due to its cost-effectiveness and commercial maturity. However, the resulting silica gel phase is prone to developing cracks as the gel shrinks during the sol–gel process, potentially causing severe damage to the objects being treated. In this study, dodecyltrimethoxysilane (DTMS) was introduced into TEOS to minimize this shrinkage by adding elastic long chains to weaken the capillary forces. The gel formed from the DTMS/TEOS hybrid material was transparent and crack-free, featuring a dense microstructure without mesopores or micropores. It exhibited excellent thermal stability, with a glass transition temperature of up to 109.64 °C. Evaluation experiments were conducted on artificially aged, handmade bamboo paper. The TEOS-based hybrid material effectively combined with the paper fibers through the sol–gel process, polymerizing into a network structure that enveloped the paper surface or penetrated between the fibers. The surface of the treated paper displayed excellent hydrophobic properties, with no significant changes in appearance, color, or air permeability. The mechanical properties of the treated bamboo paper improved significantly, with longitudinal and transverse tensile strengths increasing by up to 36.63% and 44.25%, respectively. These research findings demonstrate the promising potential for the application of DTMS/TEOS hybrid materials in reinforcing paper relics.
研究领域:
文物保护
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Polymers
·
2019
·Vol. 11
·期 5
·786
·
IF 3.164
Xu Yan,Guo-Sai Liu,Jing Yang,Yi Pu,Shuo Chen,Hong-Wei He,Conger Wang,Yun-Ze Long,Shouxiang Jiang
Paper-based relics, which are an important part of cultural heritage worldwide, are at risk of imminent damage from various environmental sources. To protect them, the atmospheric pressure plasma polymerization of hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) precursor has been explored on paper-based relics in situ. The macro and micro images taken during this process suggest that the in situ plasma treatment does not change the macro morphology and the micro structure of the treated paper-based relic samples. On the other hand, plasma treatment causes the polymerization of the HMDSO which then produces nanoparticles deposited onto the paper-based relics. These nanoparticles provide good waterproof properties with large static water contact angles and smaller rolling angles, which protect the paper-based relics from water penetration. Moreover, since the nanoparticles are deposited onto the fibers, waterproof fastness is ensured. Also, the examined mechanical properties of the treated and untreated paper-based relics indicate that the atmospheric pressure plasma treatment does not affect the strength of the paper very much. The results in this study show that atmospheric pressure plasma treatment with the use of HMDSO precursor is a good method to preserve paper-based relics.Keywords:plasma treatment;paper-based relics;waterproofing;preservation
研究领域:
文物保护
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
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2023
·
IF 5.2
Wenbo He,Junfei Ou,Fajun Wang,Sheng Lei,Xinzuo Fang,Wen Li,Alidad Amirfazli
Paraloid B72, composed of an ethyl methacrylate (70%) and methyl acrylate (30%) copolymer , is widely used in the field of cultural relics protection due to its transparency, durability, and nonyellowing. However, B72 is hydrophilic and the water resistance should be enhanced. Herein, as a further study of the pioneer research by Ntelia et al. [1] , transparent superhydrophobic coating was prepared and the durability as well as the protection against moisture will be studied. B72 was mixed with the hydrophobic nanoparticles of SiO 2 in xylene and a transparent and superhydrophobic coating was then obtained by spraying onto the substrate of fabric, paper and wood. The fraction of SiO 2 in the mixture was optimized to be 2 wt% by taking hydrophobicity , air permeability , transparency, and ultraviolet transmittance into consideration. The optimal coating presented a continuous porous network surface structure with the maximum contact angle of 165° and the minimum sliding angle of 6°. Average transmittance in visible and ultraviolet light range for the composite coating on glass was 72.57% and 19.46%, versus 82.81% and 32.26% for B72, respectively. BS2 coating permeability for different substrates are less than 10%. Contact angle remained above 150° after 4 h of contact with liquids with a pH of 1–13. Water contact angle on the simulated paper relics after exposure to a hot humid (60 °C, 85 – 90 RH%) atmosphere for 5 days remained above 150°. In addition, BS2 coating showed good UV resistance after 10 days of UV light irradiation . All these data demonstrated that such a coating may find potential application in the relic protection due to its superhydrophobicity, breathability, transparency, ultraviolet protection, and durability.
研究领域:
材料科学
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文物保护
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
NORDIC PULP & PAPER RESEARCH JOURNAL
·
2022
·Vol. 37
·期 2
·300-310
·
IF 1.595
Jin-Jie Zhang,Ying-Ping Qi,Yong-Feng Shen,Hua Li
Paper cultural relics are both precious, inheritable and fragile. However, with the passage of time, paper will also be affected by a variety of factors, and will appear mildew, yellow, brittle, or even completely damaged. In order to protect the cultural relics, extend lifespan paper, CMC-acrylate-OVPOSS graft copolymerization emulsion was synthesized by using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as substrate, methyl methacrylate (MMA), butyl acrylate (BA), glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), octavinyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (OVPOSS) as graft copolymer. The CMC-acrylate-OVPOSS emulsion was coated on the surface of the paper to test its protective effect on the paper. The results showed that the mass concentration of 10 % reinforcement solution coated on the paper, mechanical properties of paper were greatly improved, and the gloss and whiteness of paper were slightly changed, the paper also had a certain aging resistance and acid and alkali corrosion resistance. At the same time, the reversibility experiment showed that the reinforcement material had a certain reversibility.
研究领域:
材料科学
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文物保护
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高分子化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADHESION AND ADHESIVES
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2020
·
IF 2.671
Xue-Qiang Chen,Bingjian Zhang,Zhiguo Zhang
Fragile cultural relics at underwater archaeological sites are difficult to preserve in situ over long time periods due to the effects of a complex and constantly changing surrounding environment. Thus, extracting the relics from water and preserving them in a controllable environment is of primary importance. In this paper, the technology of temporary reinforcement and extraction of underwater fragile relics with veratraldehyde followed by a process of secondary temporary reinforcement using polyethylene glycol (PEG) was studied. After investigating the melting temperature and permeability of PEGs with different molecular weights , we found that PEG-3000 is an excellent candidate as the secondary reinforcing agent for the extracted relics. In the laboratory, combined with veratraldehyde and polypropylene-fiber cloth as temporary underwater strengthening materials, and selected dispersed beaded jewelry and a broken three-dimensional crock as our research subject, we carried out an entire retrieval process—temporary stabilization and secondary temporary reinforcement, to systematically evaluate the technological aspects of safely excavating fragile underwater relics in the original state. After being extracted from water and subjected to secondary temporary reinforcement using PEG-3000, the beaded jewelry and broken crock retained their underwater shape and arrangement completely. The use of secondary reinforcing agent prevents the removal process of veratraldehyde and enclosed sediment from affecting the state of the relics.
研究领域:
考古学
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材料科学
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文物保护
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
LANGMUIR
·
2023
·
IF 3.9
Jinmeng Zhu,Jinghan Ding,Yuke Li,Qi Wang,Fan Yang,Cong Jia,Yaxu Zhang,Xichen Zhao,Wenqiang Dong,Jia Wang,Zhiyong Lu,Xuanhua Li
After decades of research in the conservation of cultural heritage, nanolime (NL) has emerged as a potential alternative inorganic material to the frequently used organic materials. However, its poor kinetic stability in water has been a major challenge that restricted its penetration depth through cultural relics and resulted in unsatisfactory conservation outcomes. Here, for the first time, we realize NL water dispersion by modification of ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) via a sample aqueous solution deposit method. Our findings indicate that the cation of the ionic liquid (IL) binds strongly to the surface of NL particles (IL-NL) by forming hydrogen bonds with Ca(OH)2 facets. The absorption of IL causes an unexpected significant alteration in the morphology of NL particles and results in a drastic reduction in NL’s size. More importantly, this absorption endows NL excellent kinetic stability dispersed into water and implements NL water dispersion, which makes a breakthrough in terms of extreme poor kinetic stability of as-synthesized NL and commercial NL in water. The mechanism driving IL-NL water dispersion is explained by Stern theory. In the context of consolidating weathered stone, the presence of IL may delay carbonation of NL but the penetration depth of IL-NL through stone samples is three times deeper than that of as-synthesized and commercial NLs. Additionally, the consolidation strength of IL-NL is similar to that of as-synthesized NL and commercial NL. Moreover, IL-NL has no significant impact on the permeability, pore size, and microstructure of consolidated stone relics. Our research contributes to the field of NL-related materials and will enhance the dissemination and utilization of NL-based materials in the preservation of water-insensitive cultural heritage.
研究领域:
文物保护
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材料科学
·
化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
·
2025
·
IF 8
Zhendong Liu,Longguan Zhu,Yulan Hu,Bingjian Zhang
The limestone cultural relics within the West Lake World Cultural Heritage Site in Hangzhou, China, have suffered severe material loss and deep cracks due to prolonged natural and anthropogenic erosion. This necessitates the urgent development of highly efficient and compatible stone-mimicking restoration materials for their repair and preservation. This study systematically investigates the effects of varying metakaolin (MK) additions on the performance and microstructure of magnesium phosphate cement (MPC). Using mercury intrusion porosimetry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it was found that MK significantly enhances the mechanical properties of MPC by filling pores and forming aluminum phosphate gel, while also prolonging the setting time of the paste. Based on these findings, MPC with 30 % MK addition (F-MPC) was selected as the binder, and commonly used materials in cultural heritage restoration—hydraulic lime (F-NHL), Portland cement (F-OPC), and epoxy resin (F-EP)—were employed as comparative materials. Calcite particles and iron oxide pigments were incorporated to create stone-mimicking restoration materials. Results showed that the mechanical strength of F-NHL and F-OPC was significantly lower than that of the limestone substrate, whereas F-EP exhibited much higher strength but severely compromised the substrate's breathability. In contrast, F-MPC demonstrated excellent compatibility with limestone in terms of mechanical properties while maintaining good breathability. This study provides theoretical support and practical guidance for the innovative application of magnesium phosphate in limestone restoration, highlighting its significant value and broad prospects in the field of cultural heritage conservation.
研究领域:
文物保护
·
建筑材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2024
·
IF 8.3
Xu Zhang,Jingjing Yao,Yueer Yan,Yahong Zhang,Yi Tang,Yuliang Yang
Paper-based cultural relics often undergo acidification and deterioration during long-term preservation. Accurate detection of paper acidity is of great significance to assess aging status and extend the preservation lifetime of paper-based cultural relics. Rapid identification of the acidification degree and acid distribution across multiple regions of paper is essential. Inspired by fluorescent sensing technology, pH-sensitive cadmium telluride (CdTe) quantum dots (QDs) and rhodamine B (RB) fluorescent probes are synthesized and incorporated onto the nanofibers of a bacterial cellulose (BC) membrane to enable visual acidity detection of paper. Due to the complementary pH detection range of CdTe QDs and RB probes, the composite BC membrane exhibits a clear pH response across an acidic to neutral range (pH 3.0–7.5). Notably, the contrasting fluorescent colors of the two probes within the BC membrane allow for easy visualization of paper pH and acidity distribution with the naked eyes. A distinct color transition from red to green was observed on the fluorescent BC membrane when it is applied to a model paper with a gradient pH distribution. The feasibility of this method was verified by using the flat-headed pH electrode method. Additionally, common metal ions in most paper fillers, inks, pigments, as well as some sugars and amino acids showed minimal interference with the pH response of the composite BC membrane, highlighting its potential and broad applicability for visual acidity detection in paper-based cultural relics.
研究领域:
文物保护
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材料科学
·
分析化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
·
2024
·
IF 7.4
Zhendong Liu,Longguan Zhu,Bingjian Zhang
Due to natural erosion and human interference, limestone artifacts often suffer from cracks and gradual detachment. There is a critical need for new bonding materials that possess excellent aging resistance and high compatibility with the artifact substrates. This study investigates the effects of varying proportions of citric acid (CA) and borax (B) as composite retarders on the fundamental properties of magnesium phosphate cement (MPC). Through the application of X-ray diffraction techniques and cold field emission scanning electron microscopy, this research elucidates the mechanisms by which the retarders affect MPC. It was found that a 5 % addition of CA and B significantly reduces the hydration temperature during the early stages of MPC setting, enhances the unconfined compressive strength (reaching 44.3 MPa at 28 days), and allows for controllable setting times (17 minutes). Additionally, the presence of CA was found to delay crystal growth, resulting in an increased quantity of the amorphous phase and higher density of MPC. The optimal MPC formulation was selected as a bonding and repair material for limestone artifacts. For comparative analysis, traditional glutinous rice lime mortar (GL) and commercially available epoxy resin (EP) were tested under wet-dry cycling and UV aging conditions. Results indicated that EP materials demonstrated significant aesthetic incompatibilities and progressive cracking and detachment as aging tests progressed. GL materials exhibited significantly lower bonding strength compared to EP and MPC. In contrast, MPC displayed excellent aging resistance, moderate bonding strength, and a Shore hardness value closely matching that of the limestone substrates. Therefore, high-strength, rapid-hardening MPC represents a valuable and forward-looking solution for the conservation of limestone artifacts.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
文物保护
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Heritage Science
·
2013
·Vol. 1
·期 1
·1-10
·
IF 0
Zhao Jing,Luo Hongjie,Wang Liqin,Li Weidong,Zhou Tie,Rong Bo
The use of organic–inorganic hybrid compounds containing tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS-OH) is one of the most promising approaches for using alkoxysilane-based formulations to improve the effectiveness of the consolidation of traditional silicate artifacts, such as ancient stone. Based on analysis of existing damaged potteries influenced by the crystallization of NaCl salt, the hybrid we prepared in this study provided a crack-free and homogeneous gel on the premise of appropriate PDMS-OH content. The consolidants were applied to samples prepared following procedures that simulate old pottery and the effect of the protective products was evaluated by characterizing the surface morphology, the determination of the consolidant uptake, color changes, water vapour permeability and several wet-dry cycles with salt. The best formulation found for the hybrid in the present work was made up of 10% PDMS-OH with TEOS, which showed a significant increase in compressive strength, with a value of 3.50 MPa at 3 mm depth of consolidation, similar to the sample treated with Primal SF(the commercial protective agents used for comparison purposes), which had 3.20 MPa in compressive strength at 2 mm depth of consolidation. Except for small color changes and excellent water vapor permeability, there was still no significant change, and the destructive effects from NaCl crystallization for the hydrophobic surface of the sample treated with hybrid material was different to what happened for the hydrophilic case in the original. Thus, this study has revealed, for the first time, the addition of an appropriate amount of PDMS-OH to TEOS helps to improve the mechanical properties, hydrophobic behavior and salt resistance of damaged pottery effloresced by the NaCl crystals; in addition small color changes and excellent water vapor permeability should also be taken into consideration.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
文物保护
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）