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A Nontoxic NFM Solvent for High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells with a Widened Processing Window

Yating Fang,Yue Jiang,Zhengchi Yang,Zhengjie Xu,Zhen Wang,Xubing Lu,Xingsen Gao,Guofu Zhou,Jun-Ming Liu,Jinwei Gao

With the steady industrialization process of the perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the toxicity of the used solvents has become a pivotal issue that needs to be addressed. Especially, the usage of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent would pose serious environmental and health concerns. Herein, we have reported a nontoxic solvent N-formylmorpholine (NFM) to replace the toxic DMF and have achieved a higher PCE of 22.78% compared to 21.97% when DMF was adopted. Moreover, with NFM, a widened antisolvent processing window was observed, facilitating the fabrication of PSCs with high reproducibility. This solvent engineering strategy offers an important solution to prepare eco-friendly, efficient, and stable perovskite solar cells.