In Situ-Formed and Low-Temperature-Deposited Nb:TiO2 Compact-Mesoporous Layer for Hysteresis-Less Perovskite Solar Cells with High Performance
Recently, reported perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with high power conversion efficiency (PCE) are mostly based on mesoporous structures containing mesoporous titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) which is the main factor to reduce the overall hysteresis. However, existing fabrication approaches for mesoporous TiO 2 generally require a high-temperature annealing process. Moreover, there is still a long way to go for improvement in terms of increasing the electron conductivity and reducing the carrier recombination. Herein, a facile one-step, in situ, and low-temperature method was developed to prepare an Nb:TiO 2 compact-mesoporous layer which served as both scaffold and electron transport layer (ETL) for PSCs. The Nb:TiO 2 compact-mesoporous ETL-based PSCs exhibit suppressed hysteresis, which is attributed to the synergistic effect of the increased interface surface area caused by nano-pin morphology and the improved carrier transportation caused by Nb doping. Such a high-quality compact-mesoporous layer allows the PSCs assembled using optimized 2% Nb-doped TiO 2 to achieve a remarkable PCE of 19.74%. This work promises an effective approach for creating hysteresis-less and high-efficiency PSCs based on compact-mesoporous structures with lower energy consumption and cost.
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