Background: To control the quality of various butyl rubber closures and assess their applicability to cefamandole nafate, HPLC/ GC-MS methods were developed to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the organic components in various types of butyl rubber closures and drug powder of
cefamandole nafate for injection, and migration of these components from rubber closures to drug also were studied. Materials and Methods: The chemical components in the rubber closures and corresponding drug were identified by GC-MS in full scan mode and NIST mass library. A GC-MS method
in SIM mode was established to quantitatively analyze siloxane compounds, aromatic hydrocarbons and saturated chain-hydrocarbons in rubber closures and drugs. An HPLC method was established to quantitatively analyze antioxidants and sulfides from rubber closures and drugs. The turbidity values
of powder for injection were measured by a turbidimeter. Further, the correlation between the content of organic components in the drug and the clarity of the solution was analyzed. Results: It was found that the chemical components were released from butyl rubber closures and migrated
to the drug, which influenced solution clarity of cefamandole nafate for injection and was the main factor to cause solution turbidity of powder for injection. The gradual migration of components occurred over time with the use of common butyl rubber closures, but the coated butyl rubber closures
(rubber plated with membrane) were coated with a polytetrafluoroethylene film to block the contact between rubber closures and the drug, and could effectively prevent the migration of the components from rubber closures to drugs. The organic components in the butyl rubber closures were mainly
identified as siloxanes, saturated chain-hydrocarbons, and antioxidants. An unknown ingredient was identified as 1-piperidinecarboxaldehyde, and trace amounts of toxic toluene were also detected within limits. Conclusion: It is suggested that rubber plated with membrane or rubber closures
of high quality were applicable to cefamandole nafate for injection and should be used in its production. HPLC/ GC-MS methods can be used as an effective method for quality control of butyl rubber closures and compatibility research with drugs to ensure drug safety for the public.
Mengnan Qu,Yajie Pang,Jiehui Li,Rong Wang,Dan He,Zhanxia Luo,Fan Shi,Lei Peng,Jinmei He
Smart materials with controllable wettability have become one of the current research hotspots. Among them, the pH-responsive superwetting material is considered an ideal material because of its rapid response process and simple response mechanism. However, the pH-responsive materials reported previously could only perform wettability conversion in a single direction. In order to meet the demands of practical applications, it is indispensable to prepare the pH-bidirectional responsive superwetting material which can flexibly transform wettability in both directions. Based on this, a fluorine free and eco-friendly superwetting fabric with pH-bidirectional responsiveness was prepared by free radical polymerization and the combination of micro-nano hierarchical structure. A series of test results verified that the prepared fabric possessed excellent mechanical durability and chemical stability, satisfactory flux and separation efficiency. In addition, this work also successfully employed the prepared pH-bidirectional responsive superwetting fabric to realize the separation of three-phase oil-water-oil mixture. Surprisingly, the prepared fabric was also proved to be effective for the separation of multiple organic components, which was rarely reported in previous researches. Therefore, such pH-bidirectional responsive superwetting fabric will have broad application prospects in the field of oil-water separation and multi-organic components separation under the actual complex environment.
Aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) with Zn metal anodes stand out as a promising candidate for large-scale energy storage systems, owing to their high safety, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, the commercialization of AZIBs is plagued by issues such as Zn dendrite growth and side reactions. Herein, an organic component-Cu metal composite layer is constructed on Zn anode (Org-Cu@Zn) by a novel, one-step and in situ spontaneous displacement reaction. The outer porous organic layer with functional groups may serve as migration sites and transport channels for Zn 2+ ions, promoting transfer kinetics. The inner zincophilic Cu clusters layer diminishes the interfacial resistance, facilitating Zn 2+ ions diffusion and even Zn deposition. Compared to the bare Zn, the unique dual-layer structure exhibits stronger zincophilicity, smaller interface resistance, lower nucleation energy barrier, and stronger anti-corrosion capability, thus effectively suppressing the Zn dendrite growth and side reactions. Remarkably, the Org-Cu@Zn electrode shows an ultra-long lifespan of 3600 h (1800 cycles) with an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.7 %, realizes long cycling stability over 4300 h (1 mA cm −2 ) and 1350 h (5 mA cm −2 ), and assures the stable operation of Org-Cu@Zn||ZVO full cells with coin-type configurations.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）