Materials
·
2025
·Vol. 18
·期 7
·1626
·
IF 3.2
Kaiyue Huang,Ji Zhang,Yue Li,Hui Yang
Surface treatment is essential for cementitious materials. Siloxane is a material that can potentially be applied in surface treatment, as it possesses the advantages of both inorganic and organic surface treatment materials for cement. Organotin, serving as a neutral catalyst, performs well in improving the performance of siloxane coating. In this work, the effect of organotin on the surface treatment performance of siloxane was studied for application in cementitious materials, including surface hardness and waterproofing properties. Organotin had little effect on the waterproofing of cement paste treated with siloxane. However, the addition of organotin positively impacted the surface hardness of cement paste treated with MTMS, which increased by 105.1%. The function of organotin was analyzed through XRD, FTIR, SEM, and pore structure characterizations. Organotin can speed up the gelation of siloxane, thus consuming more portlandite in cement. The negative effect of the alkyl group could be partially reduced by promoting the condensation of the alkoxy group. This indicated that treating siloxane with organotin is valuable for improving the durability of cement-based materials, increasing their surface hardness without affecting waterproofing.
研究领域:
建筑材料
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
International Journal of Analytical Chemistry
·
2020
·
IF 1.678
Lina Huang,Hanke Li,Yuhang Li,Peng Ren,Lezhou Yi,Yang Chen,Tongmei Ma
Background. Organic tin compounds (OTCs), a group of high-risk hazardous substances, are highly concerned in safety regulation of consumer products especially for toys because they can cause serious damage to organs after prolonged or repeated exposure. Gastric juice migration is nowadays widely implemented to assess organic tin intake from toys or food-contact materials; however, the followed up detection method using sodium tetraethylborate [NaB(Et4)] as a derivatization agent may directly lead to false positive of monomethyltins (MMT). Objective. In order to avoid the phenomena of false positive of MMT in the course of laboratory testing of toys, it is necessary and important to perform relative experimental and theoretical studies to reveal the cause of false positive of MMT. Method. With metal tin powder as a representative of inorganic tin which existed in real samples, it was treated with artificial gastric juice (0.07 mol/L·HCl), followed by ethyl derivatization using sodium tetraethylborate [NaB(Et)4] and then analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) according to the procedure specified in the standard of EN 71-3:2013+A3:2018 issued by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Results. Without any OTCs in the starting materials, MMT false positive can be reproduced by detecting 0.56 mg/L of triethylmethyltin (TEMT) together with approximately 1000 mg/L of tetraethyltin (TeET), which is similar to real samples. Further, it is demonstrated that the detected amount of TEMT is linearly related with the added amount of NaB(Et)4, and that the formation of TEMT (methyl derivative) is easier than TeET (ethyl derivative) even though the ethyl group is present in a larger amount than the methyl group. Conclusions. The phenomena of MMT false positive which occurred in the laboratory testing of toys is mainly because that TEMT is highly likely to be obtained from the reaction of inorganic tin and trace level of methylation agent impurities contained in the derivatization reagent—NaB(Et)4. To avoid MMT false positive, it is concluded that the maximum acceptable mole ratio of methylation agent impurities contained in NaB(Et)4 is approximately 0.028%. This research is helpful to be aware of methylation impurities and is favorable to avoid false judgment caused by MMT false positive in routine analysis of toys.
研究领域:
分析化学
·
毒理学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
E-POLYMERS
·
2023
·Vol. 23
·期 1
·
IF 3.7
Xiang Wang,Chao Di,Tingwei Wang
Heat stabilizers are crucial additives for enhancing the thermal stability of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) during processing. Among the various heat stabilizers available, organic tin compounds have shown remarkable effectiveness. In this study, we investigated the use of dimethyltin dineodecanoate (DMTDN), dibutyltin dineodecanoate (DBTDN), and dioctyltin dineodecanoate (DOTDN) as heat stabilizers for PVC. These compounds were combined with calcium stearate (CaSt 2 ) and zinc stearate (ZnSt 2 ) to improve the thermal stability of PVC materials. The results demonstrated that the thermal stabilization effects of the three tin neodecanoates, when used as standalone heat stabilizers, followed the order: DOTDN > DBTDN > DMTDN. Notably, the thermal stability and lubricity of the three-component heat stabilizer (MTN 5 -C 4 Z 1 , BTN 5 -C 4 Z 1 , and OTN 5 -C 4 Z 1 , respectively), which consisted of the three types of tin neodecanoate, CaSt 2 , and ZnSt 2 in a ratio of 5:4:1, outperformed the use of tin neodecanoate alone. This study offered potential formulations to reduce the application cost of tin neodecanoate as a PVC heat stabilizer.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Frontiers in Environmental Science
·
2024
·
IF 3.3
Huang Yuanyuan,Yang Qingwei,Song Ling,Ran Hongjie,Jiang Hui,Sun Da
In this study, we investigated the oxidative mechanisms of nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) enhanced potassium ferrate (K2FeO4), focusing on tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPhT) as target pollutants. The addition of nZVI enhanced the degradation of both organic tin compounds by K2FeO4, exhibiting pseudo-first-order kinetics influenced by pH, carbonate, and fulvic acid. nZVI, as a reducing agent, facilitated the generation of stronger oxidizing species Fe (V) and Fe (IV) from K2FeO4 through electron transfer. The presence of hydroxyl radicals (OH) was confirmed by tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) verification. Intermediate products of TBT degradation by nZVI-enhanced K2FeO4 were identified using GC-MS, confirming de-alkylation leading to stepwise oxidation to inorganic tin ions. Due to excessively long Sn-C bonds in diphenyltin, rendering them unstable, Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were employed. Results indicated that Fe (IV) and Fe (V) predominantly attacked the Sn-C bonds of TPhT, while OH primarily targeted the benzene ring. HOMO energy levels suggested that Fe (V) was more prone to oxidizing TPhT than Fe (IV). Gibbs free energy calculations demonstrated that, in the presence of Fe (IV) and Fe (V), the energy barrier for breaking bonds and oxidizing into inorganic tin ions decreased, favoring the process over the self-decomposition of TPhT. Additionally, the lower energy barrier for OH indicated an easier degradation of TPhT. This study reveals that nZVI-enhanced K2FeO4 effectively removes TBT and TPhT, contributing to the understanding of the ferrate-mediated degradation mechanism of organic tin compounds. The findings offer insights and theoretical guidance for remediating organic tin pollution in aquatic environments.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2019
·Vol. 9
·期 48
·28112-28118
·
IF 3.049
Tao Liu,Xiaoxue Yuan,Gang Zhang,Yi Zeng,Tong Chen,Gongying Wang
In this paper, the Fries rearrangement of diphenyl carbonate (DPC) catalyzed by organotin compounds with different coordination groups was studied for the first time. The electronic effect and steric hindrance of the coordinating groups were discussed with respect to the reactivity of DPC rearrangement. The results showed that both the electronic effect and steric hindrance of the coordinating groups influenced the acidity of the active tin centers and then affected the catalytic performance of organotin as a Lewis acid for the rearrangement of DPC, and the influence of the electronic effect is greater than that of steric hindrance. The catalytic activity is in the order of BuSnO(OH) > Bu2SnO > Bu2Sn(OCOC11H23)2 > BuSnCl3 > Bu3SnOSnBu3 > Bu3SnCl, and Bu2SnO showed the best catalytic activity due to its strong electron absorption effect, small steric hindrance, and good stability. Under the optimum reaction conditions, the conversion of DPC was up to 93%, and the yields of phenyl salicylate (PS) and xanthone (XA) were 62% and 28%, respectively. In addition, a reaction mechanism of DPC rearrangement catalyzed by the organotin compounds was speculated. This research can provide vigorous theoretical data support to control the byproducts produced by DPC rearrangement in the process of DPC synthesis. It also provides a new route for the preparation of PS and XA.
研究领域:
有机化学
·
催化化学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 5.1
Jiamiao Wang,Jurong Lv,Zheyu Shen,Yan Liu,Xia Gao,Qiang Chen,Pei Liang
Organotin compounds (OTCs) are a hazardous substance that threatens the environment and human health. This study aims to detect organotin effectively. The first step was to compute the Raman spectra of organotin substances using density functional theory (DFT). This was followed by the collection of experimental data for the corresponding spectra. Finally, the gold and silver nanoparticles were prepared as substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection. The SERS spectra were used to extract Raman characteristics that exclusively belong to the same type of metabolites. Additionally, a correspondence was established between these Raman characteristics and their respective vibration modes. The database contains the original SERS spectra and mapping data of the mentioned OTCs, along with the detailed characteristics of their Raman peaks, particularly their unique ones. The results indicate that silver nanoparticles are an effective substrate for SERS detection, providing a sensitive technique for trace detection of organotin compounds.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
分析化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers
·
2024
·
IF 6.1
Bao Ke,Hui Peng,Yongqi Yang,Chengzhi Yang,Shangfei Yao,Arfan Bukhtiar,Qilin Wei,Jialong Zhao,Bingsuo Zou
Realizing Sb3+-activated efficient broadband near-infrared (NIR) emission under blue light excitation remains a significant challenge in lead-free metal halides. To overcome the above difficulties, a coordination structure modulation strategy was adopted, and the broadband NIR emission under blue light excitation was achieved in Sb3+-doped zero-dimensional (0D) organic tin(IV) bromide. Compared to the weak visible light emission with a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 2.4% for pure (TBP)2SbBr5 (TBP = tetrabutylphosphonium), Sb3+-doped (TBP)2SnBr6 exhibits an efficient broadband NIR emission band at 705 nm with a PLQY of 33.2% upon 452 nm excitation, which stems from self-trapped exciton emission. Combined with experiments and theoretical calculations, we find that the large excited-state lattice distortion degree compared to the ground state and the narrow bandgap are dominant reasons for Sb3+-doped (TBP)2SnBr6 showing efficient NIR emission under blue light excitation. Specifically, Sb3+-doped (TBP)2SnBr6 also has excellent anti-water stability, existing stably in water for more than 4 hours while maintaining a high luminous efficiency. Based on the excellent stability and unique optical properties of Sb3+-doped (TBP)2SnBr6, a high-performance NIR light-emitting diode (LED) was fabricated by combining Sb3+-doped (TBP)2SnBr6 with a commercial blue LED chip, and its application in night vision was demonstrated.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光学
·
化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCIENCE
·
2020
·Vol. 59
·期 3
·269-279
·
IF 1.28
Qian Bing,He Yan,Zhao Jing,Peng LiXu,Han BingJun
A sensitive, confirmatory ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry based on modified QuEChERS was developed and validated to detect five organotin compounds (tributyltin chloride (TBT), triphenyltin chloride (TPT), trimethyltin chloride (TMT), azocyclotin and cyhexatin) in classical tropical fruits (mango, pineapple and banana). Fruits samples were ultrasonically extracted with methanol and subsequently purified by graphitized carbon black adsorbents. Five organotins were separated on a C18 column with the mobile phase of a mixture of methanol and 0.1% (v/v) aqueous formic acid, and detected by MS/MS under multiple reaction monitoring mode. The developed method was validated in terms of linearity, limit of detection (LOD), recovery and precision. Results were linear in their corresponding concentration ranges, with coefficients of determination (r) bigger than 0.999. The average LODs (S/N = 3) of the method for TBT, TPT, TMT, azocyclotin and cyhexatin were 1.3, 3.5, 3.2, 5.1 and 1.7 μg/kg, respectively. The average recoveries (n = 5) at three spiked levels (0.01, 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg) ranged from 69 to 103% with relative standard deviations of 2.1–11.9%. The method is simple, effective, accurate and non-derivatized, and meets the routine monitoring requirements for trace organotins in tropical fruits.
研究领域:
分析化学
·
食品安全
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Materials Research Express
·
2022
·Vol. 9
·期 2
·025305
·
IF 2.025
Long-juan Ma,Yi-heng Lu,Yan Chen,Yu-wei Lu,Gang Yuan
Understanding the influence of additives on the dehydrochlorination of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) from the source and long-term storage is an attractive topic. In this work, the effects of folic acid modified nano titanium dioxide (FANT), cerium stearate, organotin and β -diketone compound additives on the dehydrochlorination of plasticized PVC and long-term storage were investigated using conductivity measurements. The results showed that the induction time of hydrogen chloride removal of plasticized PVC (C-1) containing composite stabilizer at 200 °C were 243% higher than those of the control (S1). After storage, the heat stability of the control decreased significantly. Instead, the induction time and stability time of plasticized PVC containing FANT, cerium stearate, organotin and β- diketone composites were significantly enhanced at 200 °C. The thermal stability sequence from difficult to easy for removal of hydrogen chloride was : 3.0 phr (1.90% wt) (C2) >1.0 phr (0.64% wt) (C1) > 5.0 phr (3.17% wt) (C3) with FANT. It is inferred that this is due to the FANT's hydrogen bonding van der Waals force and the complexation reaction of variable valence metal Ce+3/Ce+4 with C-Cl bond in PVC polymer molecule. The induction time (min) of hydrogen chloride removal at 200 °C before and after storage is as follows: C-20 (71.9) > C-10 (70.6) > C-1 (60.7) > C-3 (57.2) > C-30 (52.7) > C-2 (49.9) > S1 (25.3) > S10 (19.7). The critical temperature for hydrogen chloride removal by the composite film is around 210 °C. If the content of FANT increased to 3.17%, the intermolecular force and repulsive force in PVC system offset each other, indicating that the increase of FANT content will lead to the increase of repulsive force with PVC. A certain amount of FANT, cerium stearate, organotin and β- diketone composites has a significant synergistic effect on the thermal stability of PVC.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
·
2022
·Vol. 29
·期 13
·19890-19897
·
IF 5.19
Zhao Anran,Miao Jingjing,Liu Liru,Pan Luqing
Retinoid X receptor (RXR) has been found to be a major target in various processes of endocrine disruption from the exposure to organotin compounds (OTCs), including imposex in gastropod mollusks. It was also reported in bivalves that OTCs caused intersex and skewed sex ratio. In order to evaluate the effect of these ligand-like OTCs, we constructed a reconstituted yeast system (CfRE system) based on GAL4 yeast two-hybrid principle using scallop Chlamys farreri retinoid X receptor ( Cf RXR a ) and retinoid X response element (RXRE) to investigate the ligand-induced transactivation of Cf RXR a . Responses of Cf RXR a to 9-cis retinoic acid (9cRA) and tested four OTCs showed concentration-dependent response which is comparable with reported RXRa in vitro assay of human and gastropods. The detective limits of the CfRE system were found to be 100 nM for 9cRA and 10–1000 nM for the tested OTCs. While the tested non-Sn endocrine disrupting chemicals, including Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,4-Dichlorophenol, Nonylphenol, and Tetrabromobisphenol A, showed no effect on Cf RXR a response. The present assay system may provide a valuable tool for screening assessments of unidentified environmental ligand chemicals on bivalve mollusks. It is also useful for comparison of sensitivity differences among species exposed to EDCs.
研究领域:
分子生物学
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环境科学
·
毒理学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
·
2024
·
IF 3.8
Songlin Wang,Chi Chen,Peng Yang,Yu Guo,Bingxing Wang,Hongying Niu,Qiying Zhang,Jianji Wang
Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is an important synthetic intermediate with widespread applications in the chemical industry. In recent years, the one-step conversion of CO2 into DMC has gained significant attention, but the development of an efficient catalytic system remains a considerable challenge to realize this process. Herein, a series of organotin-oxometalate coordination polymers were developed for DMC synthesis from CO2 and methanol without any solvent/dehydrating agent, and it was found that the metal complexes displayed excellent catalytic performances, especially (nBu3Sn)2MoO4 with the n-butyl group (Bu) was very active, and a high DMC yield (15.7 mmol gcat–1) and high TON value (3.90) were achieved under mild conditions, which was remarkably higher than the recently reported catalytic systems. Moreover, the polymer was highly stable and easy to be recycled with no significant activity loss. Experimental and in situ FT-IR studies revealed that the synergetic catalysis of [Bu3Sn]+ and [MoO4]2– to active CO2 and methanol was the key reason for improved catalytic activity. This study offers a promising strategy for the efficient synthesis of organic carbonates catalyzed by metal complexes to realize better CO2 utilization.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
材料科学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
·
2021
·
IF 6.025
Hui Lv,Juanjuan Wang,Mingying Wang,Li Shen,Ling Xiao,Taijie Chen,Tingzhe Sun,Wenjuan Li,Liangliang Zhu,Xiaoke Zhang
Organotin compounds (OTs) act as potent endocrine disruptors that are often found in polluted food and water. UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are responsible for termination of multiple endogenous hormones. This study was conducted to investigate the inhibitory effects of two tri-submitted OTs tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT), against activities of UGTs. It is revealed that TBT and TPT act as two potent inhibitors for multiple UGTs. UGT1A8 and -2B15 were coinhibited by the two OTs. UGT1A1 and -1A10 were inhibited by TPT, whereas UGT 2B4 and -2B7 were inhibited by TBT. Kinetic analyses further indicated that TBT and TPT are two competitive nanomolar inhibitors of UGT2B15, with K i values of 0.45 and 0.46 μM, respectively. K i values for the other UGTs are determined to be a few micromolars. In addition, the two OTs displayed effective inhibition against UGT2B15 in catalyzing dihydrotestosterone glucuronidation, with IC50 values both in nano-molar range. TPT can additionally inhibit activities of UGT1A1 and -1A10 in estradiol-3-O-glucuronidation, with IC50 values of a few micro-molars. These results indicated that the two OTs can extensively interfere with glucuronidation of endogenous hormones, which may act as a new potential mechanism resulting in endocrine disrupting actions.
研究领域:
毒理学
·
环境科学
·
生物化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）