MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
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2022
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IF 4.778
Yichen Tian,Chuyi Wang,Yuanfang Ai,Longcheng Tang,Kun Cao
Phytic acid-based phosphate esters (PAPEGs) were prepared through the reaction between phytic acid (PA) and different proportions of polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG-200). Intumescent flame-retardant coating (IFRC) with PAPEG3, PAPEG6, PAPEG9 and PAPEG12 were obtained via thermal curing of PAPEGs and melamine formaldehyde resin (MFR), respectively. The backside temperature of steel with MFR/PAPEGs coating was much lower than that of MFR/PA coating. MFR/PAPEG6 coating showed the best flame retardancy, and the char thickness reached 48 mm from initial thickness of 0.4 mm, and the expansion ratio was 120 times. Cone calorimeter confirmed that the incorporation of PAPEG6 could minimize the heat release rates and total heat release of materials during combustion. Moreover, the MFR/PAPEGs coating possessed both excellent transparency and water resistance. The transmittance of MFR/PAPEG6 and MFR/PAPEG9 was above 87% at 600 nm, and transmittance of MFR/PAPEG12 even reached 90%. The proposed flame-retardant mechanism was that MFR/PAPEGs produced phosphorus-containing acids to dehydrate and carbonize PEG, leading to the formation of graphitized chars. Meanwhile, the nitrogen-containing intermediates simultaneously released noncombustible gases to expand the char and interrupt the combustion reaction.
研究领域:
材料科学
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防火安全工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Materials Chemistry A
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2025
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IF 9.5
Zhuangzhuang Li,Ya Nan Ye,Beibei Kang,Yiming Hua,Zhe Wang,Dongdong Yan,Huijie Zhou,Wenwen Yu,Shilei Zhu
Preserving wooden artifacts is crucial for protecting cultural heritage, but these materials are particularly susceptible to environmental damage, especially from moisture and corrosion. Traditional waterborne acrylic coatings, while environmentally safe and widely used in cultural relic preservation, lack the necessary mechanical strength and water resistance. These limitations often lead to issues such as cracking and whitening, necessitating frequent replacement and complicating the conservation process. To address this issue, in this study, a “brick-and-mortar” structure with a “labyrinth effect” was introduced into waterborne acrylic resins to synergistically enhance their toughness water-resistance. The nanocomposite coatings, named as PNS-AR, were prepared through a shear-alignment and rapid-drying approach, where highly exfoliated unit-cell-thick Ca2Nb3O10 perovskite nanosheets (PNSs) were incorporated into an acrylic resin matrix, creating a well-ordered "brick-and-mortar" structure. The excellent transparency of unit-cell-thick PNSs nanosheet and its alternating layered arrangement within the resin matrix imparts the nanocomposite coatings with enhanced transparency. This structural alignment also enhances stress transfer, significantly boosting mechanical strength and toughness. At a PNS content of 3 wt%, the coating achieved the maximum tensile strength (8.52 MPa), elastic modulus (436 MPa), and toughness (0.2 MJ m−3), marking increases of 432.5%, 166.2%, and 458.5%, respectively, compared to the pristine AR coating. The water absorption and soaking experiments demonstrate the PNS-AR coating’s excellent moisture resistance, with water absorption decreased from 25 wt% to 8.1 wt% with 4 wt% PNS and transparency largely maintained after 24 hours in deionized water. Additionally, the weather-resistance properties of PNS-acrylic nanocomposite coatings offers a durable and effective solution for the long-term preservation of wooden artifacts, enhancing resistance against diverse environmental degradation.
研究领域:
材料科学
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文物保护
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ADVANCED MATERIALS
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2025
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IF 26.8
Wei Li,Xuetao Xu,Dezhao Hao,Zhao Wang,Yu Kang,Jiankun Lai,Feilong Zhang,Lei Jiang,Shutao Wang
Wooden artifacts have attracted comprehensive concern as the witnesses of human civilization; however, their conservation suffers from many difficulties, such as natural degradation and biological invasion. Silicified wood, as a fossil material that has existed for millions of years, provides a valuable clue for the long-term conservation of wooden materials. In this work, a superwetting-enabled in situ silicification strategy is reported to silicify wood in a confined way, fabricating artificial silicified wood within 100 h. The superwetting process of the silica sol enables multi-scale high silica filling throughout the entire wood from the nanoscale to the macroscale. The artificial silicified wood shows a high flexural strength of ≈216.49 MPa and super resistance against termites and fungi. The artificial silicified wood retains 98.70% of its mass against termites, and over 90.64% of its mass against fungi, meeting the safest level in the global standards. The finding provides a general silicification approach for wood-like materials with complex hierarchical structures and a promisingly alternative solution for the conservation of wooden artifacts.
研究领域:
材料科学
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文物保护
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林业科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
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2024
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IF 7.4
Bole Ma,Zhengtao Wei,Liheng Chen,Shiqiang Tu,Xueqing Qiu
The development of superhydrophobic coatings for wood protection using biomass materials signifies a trend in future advancements. However, ensuring the durability of biomass-based superhydrophobic coatings under harsh conditions remains a formidable challenge. Here, rod-like ZnO/lignin nanosphere (LNS) composites are obtained using co-assembly, followed by changing the addition time of LNSs to control their sizes. The composites demonstrate good performance in visible-light photocatalysis test, about 47 % of the degradation of methylene blue solution within 150 min. A robust and multifunctional superhydropphobic coating is further fabricated by as-prepared ZnO/LNS composites on wood surface, with a contact angle of 163.7 ± 0.5° and a sliding angle of 2.1 ± 0.2°. Owing to the reinforcing effect imparted by rod-like ZnO, the coating demonstrated resistance to 20 cycles of abrasion and withstood 240 cycles of tape peeling. The coating also shows robustness against other mechanical and chemical damages. Furthermore, through the synergistic effect of ZnO and LNSs, the coated wood demonstrates outstanding visible light-driven photocatalytic activity and flame retardation for practical application. This study aims to facilitate the improvement and development of inorganic/lignin composites, thereby offering a novel pathway for the fabrication of modified wood products with high-performance.
研究领域:
材料科学
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林业工程
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纳米技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
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2022
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IF 6.449
Zhenju Bi,Jeffrey J. Morrell,Yafang Lei,Li Yan,Meitong Ji
Wood protection using plant-derived extracts has shown some promise but the extracts are often easily leached making them less attractive for long-term wood protection. The potential of extracts from heat treated wood sawdust as a natural substitute for wood preservatives was explored, and a mild enzyme-catalyzed method was used to improve its leaching resistance. Laccase was used to catalyze grafting reactions of extracts from heat treated spruce ( Picea asperata Mast.) and larch ( Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Kuzen.). The resulting extracts were screened for antifungal activity and then impregnated into poplar blocks ( Populus tomentosa Carr.). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize extracts reactions. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyze the grafted compounds. Acetone extracts from both heat treated spruce and larch exhibited good activity against the test fungi. Heat treated spruce and larch acetone extracts grafted on modified poplar and subjected to leaching showed better activity against the white-rot fungus, Trametes versicolor (L. ex Fr.) Quél. than the brown-rot fungus, Gloeophyllum trabeum (Pers.: Fr.) Murr. FTIR and XPS results indicated that heat-treated spruce and larch extracts were grafted on poplar by laccase catalysis. Squalene, 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid, and n-hexadecanoic acid were among those compounds suggested to be grafted. The results suggest that laccase-mediated pre-treatment of plant extracts has the potential to increase resistance to leaching. Trials with additional plant-extracts are recommended.
研究领域:
林学
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生物化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS
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2025
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IF 7.3
Shuai Chen,Dennis W. Hess,Lianpeng Zhang,Xijuan Chai,Kaimeng Xu,Yulan Jian,Linkun Xie
Wood, a renewable and sustainable building material, suffers from poor durability in outdoor applications due to its hygroscopic nature. Current protective coatings often rely on energy-intensive processes or hazardous fluorinated chemicals, conflicting with the principles of green chemistry. Herein, we report a green strategy for fabricating self-healing superhydrophobic wood coatings that operate autonomously at room temperature. The coating is formed through a one-step co-condensation of octadecylamine (ODA) with methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) in ethanol, avoiding fluorinated compounds and external energy input for healing. The resulting surface exhibits a hierarchical micro/nano-structure, achieving an ultralow surface free energy (~6 mJ/m 2 ) and a water contact angle (WCA) exceeding 155°. After mechanical damage or severe plasma etching, superhydrophobicity is spontaneously restored within 36 h at ambient conditions. Notably, the MTMS/ODA coating demonstrates superior self-healing cyclability (43 cycles), exceptional UV stability (WCA > 140° after 936 h), and resistance to neutral/alkaline media. By significantly reducing water uptake and improving dimensional stability, this coating extends the service life of wood. This work presents a scalable, energy-efficient, and fluorine-free solution for protecting wood, aligning perfectly with the goals of sustainable construction and green materials engineering.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS
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2024
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IF 6.5
Lei Ma,Shuyan Xu
Wood coatings endure wear and tear and may experience reduced service life. Therefore, the self-healing feature is crucial for practical application in wood protection. The study involved preparing a self-healing microcapsule through in-situ polymerization. Wood oil was utilized as the core material and urea-formaldehyde resin (UF) as the wall structure, forming a “core-shell” structure. The average particle size of the microcapsules is approximately 2.8 μm. Wood oil Microcapsules of varying content are added to water-based coatings and applied to form a self-healing wood coating. When external forces damaged the wood coating, the microcapsules ruptured and released the inner core to repair the coating. The study results indicated that adding microcapsules at a 6 % level significantly increased the coating's repair rate to over 30 %, enhancing its mechanical properties. This microcapsule type in wood oil can protect wood coatings and guide future wood coating repair methods.
研究领域:
材料科学
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木材保护
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
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2025
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IF 8
Huiqin Meng,Mingyu Wen,Junyou Shi,Heejun Park,Hanwen Zuo,Yanan Ren,Linxi Lv,Xuefeng Zhao,Hongshuang Du,Xujiao Yang,Zhenpeng Jian
Epoxy resin coatings are widely applied to wood structures and wood product protection. Therefore, the development of epoxy resin nanocomposites with high flame retardancy and UV resistance is of great significance for their widespread application. In this study, Nanocomposite based functional coating was prepared by introducing nanoparticle carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ), aluminum phytate (PA-Al), and nanoparticle tetramethylammonium caged polysilsesquioxanes (POSS) to create a hybrid covering of organic and inorganic materials. The coating effectively protects wood from flame damage by forming a ceramic like structure carbon layer of P-O-Si when exposed to flames. Results showed that epoxy coatings with PA-Al, g-C 3 N 4 and POSS constituents achieved UL-94 V-0 rating. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) was 27.4 %, while THR and HRR values were reduced by 81.9 % and 84.3 %, respectively. Since g-C 3 N 4 had exhibited a strong absorption peak in the ultraviolet (UV) region, the epoxy resin (EP) coating could achieve a blocking rate of 78.41 % and 84.16 % for the ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB) bands, respectively. Meanwhile, the hardness and adhesion of EP coating were as high as 4 H and 5B. Thus, present work provides an optional route for the preparation of nanocomposite UV-resistant and flame retardant epoxy coatings, which can be applied to sustainable wood structural products.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子科学
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表面工程
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防火技术
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木材保护
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Sustainable Materials and Technologies
·
2025
·
IF 9.2
Xueying Yan,Xinyu Lin,Yanhui Huang,Yingjie Hong,Zhi Liu,Zongling Zhang,Liyan Liu,Jun Tian,Feicui Qi,Luyi Huang,Changhua Fang
Bamboo scrimber (BS) as an engineering material has been widely used in outdoor areas, in order to improve the protective properties of bamboo scrimber, this study prepared a new composite coating. Wood wax oil (WO) and Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 (ZIF-8) nanoparticles were prepared separately, and ZIF-8 nanoparticles were modified with low surface energy perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (POTS). ZIF-8/POTS nanoparticles were constructed on the surface of bamboo scrimber to form ZIF-8/POTS/WO/BS composite coatings via the mediating effect of wood wax oil. The composite coatings were superhydrophobic, with a water contact angle of 161.4°. After aging tests, the contact angle of the composite coatings decreased by only 6.51 %, indicating that they remained superhydrophobic. Compared with uncoated substrates, after anti-mildew and preservative treatment tests, the bamboo scrimber coated with ZIF-8/POTS/WO/BS showed an improvement in its discoloration level from grade 4 to grade 1 and an infection level improvement from grade 3 to grade 0. The composite coatings had a nanoscale surface roughness with a surface energy of 2.94 mJ/m 2 . The coatings also exhibited self-cleaning performance, with a dust removal efficiency of 90.91 %. The air layer created on the surface of the composite coating made it difficult for water and microorganisms to directly contact the surface of the coatings. Furthermore, The Zn 2+ ions and 2-methylimidazole released by ZIF-8 disrupted the ionic balance in the surrounding environment, achieving a dual synergistic antifungal effect, which inhibited microbial growth and reproduction on the surface of the coatings, thus providing greater outdoor protection. This work pioneered the use of MOFs and wood wax oil to construct superhydrophobic, self-cleaning, and weather-resistant composite coatings on bamboo scrimber. This coating may enable bamboo scrimber to be used in outdoor building structures, highway guardrails, and bridge components, especially in harsh and wet outdoor environments.
研究领域:
材料科学
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表面工程
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纳米复合材料
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木材保护
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环境功能材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Nano Materials
·
2023
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IF 5.9
Jingwen Zhang,Ying Li,Dingfang Ke,Chenya Wang,Huimin Pan,Kefan Chen,Hui Zhang
Lignin is the most abundant component in archaeological waterlogged wood, making it a potential consolidant with high compatibility for historical wood conservation. However, its consolidation effect is limited by its low penetration into the wood. In this study, modified lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) were proposed for the first time as conservation materials for waterlogged archaeological wood. Two modified LNPs were prepared with low molecular weight, small size, and high solubility in ethylene glycol (EG) for consolidating waterlogged wood samples. These nanoparticles, hydrophilic aminated LNPs (ALNPs) and hydrophobic esterified LNPs (MALNPs), greatly improved the consolidation effect of waterlogged wood samples compared to LNPs. This was demonstrated by measuring their physical properties, dimensional stability, and mechanical properties. The surface color change was almost within the acceptable range for the human eye. We also discussed two different reinforcement mechanisms of ALNPs and MALNPs. ALNPs can form hydrogen bonds with hemicellulose/cellulose in the wood to strengthen the fragile wood cell wall, while MALNPs can fill the wood cell lumen to support the cell wall and prevent deformation during drying. Our work provides an approach of using biomaterials as consolidants for archaeological waterlogged wood and expands the use of lignin in this field.
研究领域:
考古学
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材料科学
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木材保护
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纳米技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）