Frontiers in Pharmacology
·
2021
·
IF 5.811
Yu Kunzi,Liu Wei,Zhang Nanping,Cheng Xianlong,Zhou Shiyu,Zuo Tiantian,Kang Shuai,Wei Feng,Ma Shuangcheng
Maidong, the root tuber of Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb.) Ker Gawl., is a commonly used herbal medicine in China. There are three quality grades of Maidong according to traditional opinion and modern research studies: superior quality (Zhe-Maidong), medium quality (Chuan-Maidong), and poorest quality (Chuan-Maidong with paclobutrazol, which is a kind of plant growth regulator). However, no efficient way to distinguish the three quality grades of Maidong exists; thus, the herbal markets and botanical pharmacies are flooded with Chuan-Maidong with paclobutrazol. To ensure the safety and quality of Maidong, a comparative microscopic study was performed on three quality grades of Maidong. The result was to establish a microscopic quantification method based on the area ratio between xylem and pith to distinguish the three quality grades of Maidong. Subsequently, Maidong from regional markets was evaluated by this method. In this study, we developed a novel quantification method to identify the three quality grades of Maidong, which could in turn make efforts on the quality improvement of Maidong. Our study is the first to demonstrate that microscopic technology could be used to distinguish different quality grades of a specific herbal medicine.
研究领域:
中药学
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植物显微学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Forests
·
2024
·Vol. 15
·期 7
·1193
·
IF 2.4
Yingni Huang,Qianlin Li,Chunmei Bai,Wendi Zhao,Diego Ismael Rodríguez-Hernández,Xiali Guo
Recent studies on the intra-annual dynamics of trees were mainly focused on mature trees in natural forests; however, less is known about how topography (e.g., slope’s position and aspect) shape the intra-annual xylem formation dynamics of young trees in plantation forests. We monitored intra-annual xylem formation dynamics of 6-year-old Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata(Lamb.)) trees across two different aspects (northeast and southwest) and three different positions (upper, middle, and lower) of the slope in a planted forest in subtropical China. We found that the intra-annual xylem formation of trees on the northeast slope aspect (176.98 ± 34.52 cells) was significantly higher than that on the southwest slope aspect (140.19 ± 36.07 cells) due to the higher growth rate (0.67 ± 0.11 cells/day vs. 0.53 ± 0.10 cells/day). In the middle slope position, xylem formation (187.89 ± 19.81 cells) was also significantly higher than that of the upper (147.35 ± 29.08 cells) and lower slope positions (140.51 ± 48.36 cells), resulting from higher growth rate rather than longer growing season length. Our study demonstrated that intra-annual xylem formation dynamics of Chinese fir were altered by different topographic features and therefore encourage the implementation of management strategies that consider different slope aspects and positions to maximize forest productivity.
研究领域:
林学
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生态学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
PLANT SCIENCE
·
2025
·
IF 4.1
Yang Yang,Mengting Zhu,Yijia Jin,Hui Cai,Yiran Huang,Yingling Wan,Yan Liu
Paeonia lactiflora is an important garden ornamental flower and has become a new cut flower in the international market in recent years. Stem mechanical strength is an important index of cut flower quality. P. lactiflora cultivars possess varying stem mechanical strength, which directly result in different cut P. lactiflora quality. In our previous study, a significant difference in phloem callose deposition was detected between two P. lactiflora cultivars with varying stem mechanical strength. However, the relationship and interaction mechanism between the phloem callose and mechanical strength in P. lactiflora stems are still unclear. This study aimed to analyze the effects of reduced phloem callose on the mechanical strength in P. lactiflora stems. The results revealed a negative correlation between the callose content and mechanical strength in P. lactiflora stems during early developmental stages. Exogenous 2DDG treatment led to a 13.6% reduction in the callose content, concomitantly enhancing the stem mechanical strength by 14.2% via facilitating the formation and secondary cell wall (SCW) thickening of xylem fiber cells. Further investigations showed that exogenous 2DDG treatment promoted carbon transport in P. lactiflora stems, thereby increasing the carbon content. Additionally, it induced alterations in the metabolism of lipids, amino acids, and organic acids in the stems and spurred the diffusion of lipids from the pith to the xylem. Consequently, reducing the content of callose improved the formation and SCW thickening of xylem fiber cells by modifying material transport and metabolism, thereby enhancing the stem mechanical strength of P. lactiflora . This study offers novel perspectives regarding the regulatory mechanism of P. lactiflora stem mechanical strength.
研究领域:
植物学
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分子生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy
·
2023
·
IF 6
Chen-Xi He,Yu-Shi Shen,Mei-Yan Ling,Xiao-Hui Yao,Tao Chen,Wei-Guo Zhao,Dong-yang Zhang
Continuous fluid catalysis technology is widely used in industry as traditional fluid reactors have unstable reaction efficiency and poor production conversion. Herein, a continuous fluid reactor with porous directional channel was prepared from natural wood (xylem reactor). When the reactor was used for continuous fluid catalysis, fluid from adjacent channels collided through the pores in the inner walls of the directional channels, creating fluid disturbances that caused full contact between the fluid and enzymes in the reactor. Thus, the porous directional channel structure improved mass transfer and catalytic efficiency, which led to a high biological conversion rate. The xylem reactor exhibited satisfactory catalytic performance and catalyzed the hydrolysis of polydatin at 60 °C for 4 h with an optimum conversion of 99.44%. Additionally, the xylem reactor prevented pressure buildup (0.34 kPa) and displayed cycling stability. The xylem reactor with porous directional channel structure exhibited excellent application potential suitable for sustainable development and green chemistry owing to its low preparation cost, minimal environmental impact and high efficiency.
研究领域:
生物工程
·
绿色化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
·
2023
·
IF 6.5
Zijing Zhou,Zhengchun Li,Fuhua Fan,Huijuan Qin,Guijie Ding
Gibberellins (GAs) play a crucial role in regulating secondary growth in angiosperms, but their effects on the secondary growth of gymnosperms are rarely reported. In this study, we administered exogenous GA 3 to two-year-old P. massoniana seedlings, and examined its effects on anatomical structure, physiological and biochemical changes, and gene expression in stems. The results showed that exogenous GA 3 could enhance xylem development in P. massoniana by promoting cell division. The content of endogenous hormone (including auxins, brassinosteroids, and gibberellins) were changed and the genes related to phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling pathway, such as GID1 , DELLA , TIR1 , ARF , SAUR , CPD , BR6ox1 , and CYCD3 , were differentially expressed under GA 3 treatment. Furthermore, GA 3 and BR (brassinosteroid) might act synergistically in promoting secondary growth in P. massoniana . Additionally, lignin content was significantly increased after GA 3 treatment accompanied by the express of lignin biosynthesis related genes. PmCAD (TRINITY_DN142116_c0_g1), a crucial gene involved in the lignin biosynthesis, was cloned and overexpressed in Nicotiana benthamiana , significantly promoting the xylem development and enhancing stem lignification. It was regarded as a key candidate gene for improving stem growth of P. massoniana . The findings of this study have demonstrated the impact of GA 3 treatment on secondary growth of stems in P. massoniana , providing a foundation for understanding the molecular regulatory mechanism of stem secondary growth in Pinaceae seedlings and offering theoretical guidance for cultivating new germplasm with enhanced growth and yield.
研究领域:
植物生理学
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分子生物学
·
林业
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
·
2025
·
IF 7.2
Shuang Jia,Zhijie Mao,Bo Zhang,Yaru Wang,Tianyang Sun,Guanhua Jin,Chuang Wang,Yichen Lv,Shouzhu Li,Dan Sun
Hierarchical porous activated carbon (WXAC) was synthesized from walnut xylem. Precarbonization first preserved the vascular bundle structure, followed by controlled KOH activation-etching to precisely develop the porous architecture. Systematic characterization (BET, XRD, SEM, XPS, FTIR) confirmed a 3D interconnected microtubular structure with ultrahigh surface area (3116 m 2 /g) and pore volume (1.69 cm 3 /g). This hierarchical architecture combines microporous dominance with meso/macropore synergism, while oxygen enrichment (11.6 %) and abundant functional groups enhance methylene blue (MB) adsorption. WXAC achieves exceptional adsorption capacity (1015.29 mg/g) with rapid initial kinetics (125.8 mg/(g·min) within 5 min. Over 75 % removal efficiency persists through three regeneration cycles. Mechanistic investigations identified synergistic adsorption pathways combining hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, π-π stacking, and pore confinement. Furthermore, the adsorption process follows pseudo-second-order kinetic and Redlich-Peterson isotherm models, suggesting the coexistence of monolayer and multilayer adsorption mechanisms. Thermodynamic parameters confirm spontaneous endothermic behavior. This work transforms agroforestry waste into high-performance adsorbents through controlled pore engineering.
研究领域:
环境科学
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材料科学
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化学工程
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纳米技术
·
吸附技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2025
·
IF 11.3
Bing Zhang,Sainan Zhang,Shuaiqi Wang,Haoyu Dong,Yibo Dong,Shaohui Yang,Jiehua Wang
Microplastics are emerging contaminants in terrestrial ecosystems, but their phytotoxic effects on woody plants remain poorly understood. Here, we exposed in vitro ‑grown hybrid poplar 84 K ( Populus alba × Populus glandulosa ) to 3 µm polystyrene (PS) microplastics (50 or 200 mg·L −1 ). PS significantly inhibited adventitious rooting, de novo shoots regeneration, and photosynthetic performance in a concentration-dependent manner. Root fresh weight, plant height, shoot number, total chlorophyll, and Φ PSII declined by 11 %, 10 %, 57 %, 9 %, and 9 % at 50 mg·L⁻¹ PS, and by 43 %, 19 %, 78 %, 21 %, and 20 % at 200 mg·L⁻¹ . Mechanistically, PS induced excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, impaired primary cell wall regeneration, delayed shoot organogenesis, and disrupted secondary xylem formation. We further tested whether 50 mg·L⁻¹ multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs, M 50 ) could alleviate PS-induced damage. Co-application of M 50 effectively mitigated oxidative stress, restored auxin–cytokinin balance, and reactivated key genes involved in meristem maintenance and xylem differentiation. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis revealed that MWCNTs reduced PS adhesion to root by forming PS–MWCNTs composite structures. Overall, this study demonstrates that microplastics impair poplar micropropagation via oxidative and developmental disruption, while MWCNTs alleviate these effects via both biochemical regulation and physical buffering. Our findings advance the understanding of microplastic–nanomaterial interactions in woody plants and suggest that nanomaterials could serve as potential tools in clonal propagation and ecosystem restoration under microplastic stress, though their ecological risks warrant careful assessment.
研究领域:
植物科学
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环境毒理学
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纳米技术
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生物技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CHEMOSPHERE
·
2020
·
IF 5.778
Yingjie Wu,Luyao Ma,Qizhen Liu,Olivera Topalović,Qiong Wang,Xiaoe Yang,Ying Feng
Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) can promote root uptake and shoot accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in hyperaccumulator plants, but the mechanisms by which PGPB accelerate root-to-shoot transport of Cd is still unknown. A better understanding of these mechanisms is necessary to develop the strategies that can promote the practical phytoextraction of Cd-polluted soils. In this study, we found that Pseudomonas fluorescens accelerates a reversed and a long-distance transport of Cd and sucrose in Sedum alfredii , by examining the xylem and phloem sap and by quantifying the concentrations of Cd and sucrose in shoot and root. The transcriptome sequencing has revealed the up-regulated expressions of starch metabolism and sucrose biosynthesis related genes in the shoots of Cd hyperaccumulator plant S. alfredii that was inoculated with PGPB P. fluorescens . In addition, the genes of sugar, cation and anion transporters were also up-regulated by bacterial treatment, showing a complicated co-expression network with sucrose biosynthesis related genes. The expression levels of Cd transporter genes, such as ZIP1 , ZIP2 , HMA2 , HMA3 and CAX2 , were elevated after PGPB inoculation. As a result, the PGPB successfully colonized the root, and promoted the sucrose shoot-to-root transport and Cd root-to-shoot transport in S. alfredii. Since non-photosynthetic root-associated bacteria usually obtain sugars from photosynthetic plants, our results highlight the importance of PGPB-induced changes in hyperaccumlator plants for both the host and the PGPB.
研究领域:
环境科学
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植物生理学
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分子生物学
·
微生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
·
2025
·
IF 7.7
Wanyue Zhang,Zhihao Pang,Wanning Zheng,Sue E. Hartley,Zulin Zhang,Hongyun Peng,Yongchao Liang
Excessive accumulation of heavy metals such as trivalent chromium [Cr(Ⅲ)] threatens environmental sustainability and crop health. While silicon fertilizers are known to mitigate Cr(III) toxicity in plants, and silica nanoparticles (SiO 2 NPs) show promise for heavy metal stress alleviation, their comparative efficacy and underlying mechanisms remain unexplored. In this study, we compared the effects of SiO 2 NPs and sodium silicate (Na 2 SiO 3 ) in alleviating Cr(Ⅲ) stress in rice and elucidated the mechanisms behind. Results showed that SiO 2 NPs reduced Cr(Ⅲ) accumulation more effectively than Na 2 SiO 3 in rice shoots, roots and xylem sap. Trisodium-8-hydroxy-1,3,6- pyrenetrisulfonic (PTS) tracer analysis confirmed that SiO 2 NPs more significantly inhibited Cr(Ⅲ) apoplastic transport. Consequently, SiO 2 NPs better alleviated Cr(Ⅲ)-induced growth inhibition and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation. Both SiO 2 NPs and Na 2 SiO 3 exhibited tissue-specific regulation of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) detoxification: SiO 2 NPs more effectively reduced H 2 O 2 accumulation in roots and increased catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and peroxidase (POD) activities in shoots, while Na 2 SiO 3 showed the opposite pattern. The mechanistic studies demonstrated that the root-specific distribution of SiO 2 NPs facilitated their stronger physical barrier formation in roots. Furthermore, SiO 2 NPs outperformed Na 2 SiO 3 in reinforcing endodermal apoplastic barriers by promoting lignin accumulation and upregulating lignin biosynthesis-related genes ( OsCCR , OsC4H , Os4CL , OsCAD , OsPAL ), while also promoting earlier initiation of endodermal suberin deposition near root tips. Overall, our study indicates that SiO 2 NPs more effectively reinforced apoplastic barriers, restricted the apoplastic transport of Cr(Ⅲ) and consequently alleviated Cr(Ⅲ)-induced stress in rice.
研究领域:
植物科学
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纳米技术
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环境毒理学
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农业化学
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生物技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS
·
2022
·Vol. 33
·期 4
·599-611
·
IF 3.024
Mei Yang,Minzhen Yin,Shanshan Chu,Yujiao Zhao,Qingying Fang,Ming'en Cheng,Huasheng Peng,Luqi Huang
Introduction Astragali Radix has been used for over 2000 years in traditional Chinese medicine. Its secondary xylem “Jinjing” and secondary phloem “Yulan” are important for evaluating the quality of the Daodi medicinal material in China. However, its systematic characterisation has not been conducted. Objective This study aims to investigate the colour, chemical compounds, and antioxidant capacity of the secondary xylem and phloem of Astragali Radix on the basis of untargeted metabolomics, broadening the application scope of Astragali Radix in food and pharmaceutical industries. Methods The L* , a* , and b* of the secondary xylem and phloem were measured by colorimetry, and the chemical compounds were identified and quantified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-evaporative light scattering detection. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assays were conducted to evaluate their antioxidant capacity. Results Thirty-one compounds were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. The secondary xylem exhibited high parameter b* , flavonoid content, and antioxidant capacity, while the secondary phloem was rich in astragalosides. The colour parameters of well-defined type A significantly varied from those of the other types. Well-defined type A also exhibited the highest antioxidant activity and flavonoid content, followed by middle type A-like, middle type B-like, and yellow shading type B. Conclusion The colour parameters, chemical compounds, and antioxidant capacity among the different transverse sections of secondary xylem and phloem varied. The yellow colour of secondary xylem was correlated to high flavonoid content and antioxidant activity, and well-defined type A of Astragali Radix had better quality than other types.
研究领域:
药用植物学
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药学
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食品科学
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代谢组学
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传统中药
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2023
·
IF 5.9
Zitong Yuan,Chuanxin Ma,Mengao Jia,Kun Qian
Overused agrochemicals threaten the environment and human health. Nanotechnology has shown great potential for maintaining or minimizing environmental issues in agriculture . Herein, a polyethylene glycol-coated copper nanoclusters (PEG@Cu NCs) has been developed for efficient utilization by tobacco. The NCs showed the superior antifungal activity against Alternaria alternata , achieving comparable activity using a dose almost 35-fold lower than that of 46% copper hydroxide water power (WP). More importantly, PEG@Cu NCs exhibited excellent therapeutic potential via xylem delivery. In the meantime, promising bioavailability of the NCs was achieved, which could be absorbed by tobacco seedlings via roots and foliar tissues (epidermal and mesophyll cells). In addition, the biosafety of PEG@Cu NCs was investigated in tobacco and earthworms. Both root exposure (1.27–3.17 mg L −1 ) and leaf exposure (1.27–6.33 mg L −1 ) to PEG@Cu NCs had no negative effects on tobacco growth. The acute toxicity of PEG@Cu NCs to earthworms was low, as determined by the 7 day-LC 50 value of 46.253 mg kg −1 and 14 day-LC 50 value of 30.187 mg kg −1 . Overall, such NCs are expected to be a competitive alternative to Cu-based fungicides in sustainable agriculture due to their superior antifungal properties , excellent biocompatibility, and high efficiency bioavailability.
研究领域:
农业科学
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纳米技术
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环境科学
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植物病理学
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毒理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）