SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
·
2022
·
IF 7.305
Chao Gao,Wenbo Li,Xiaowei Zhou,Haoyu Xu,Qing Zhou,Haifeng Gao,Shumin Qin,Zeran Gao,Wei Yu
Multi-layer crystallization and uncontrollable defects were the main factors that limiting the quality of Cu 2 ZnSn(S,Se) 4 (CZTSSe) films. Here a hybrid crystallization strategy was proposed to simultaneously improve the morphology and defect properties of CZTSSe film. Firstly, we found the variation of the microstructures (constitution, chemical environment of the elements, etc.) in precursor films can greatly alter the grain-growths of CZTSSe films. Detailed characterizations revealed that the chemical environment of S in the precursor film may influence the S-to-Se substitution of the film during the selenization process. This can further affect the grain-growth mechanism and the properties of CZTSSe film. While the S-to-Se substitution of the film mainly occurred below 500°C, the NaSe x on the surface of the film could dominate the grain-growth (Na-mechanism). For this mechanism, the CZTSSe film exhibited bi-layer morphology and relatively high band-tail energy, but shallow-acceptor was detected in the film. The solar cells based on the CZTSSe films reached the efficiency of 10.6%. As a comparison, liquid phase could be generated when the S-to-Se substitution of the film shifted to higher temperature (>500°C). In this condition, the grain-growth would be dominated by the liquid phase (LP-mechanism). Such mechanism can eliminate the multi-layer crystallization and reduce the band-tail energy, but the surface properties of the CZTSSe film was deteriorated and the formation of shallow-acceptor in CZTSSe was inhibited. The fabricated solar cells achieved the efficiency of 10.3%. Based on the results above, a bi-layer precursor film contained sub-layers with different microstructures was proposed to regulate the crystallization of CZTSSe. The co-existence of different microstructures in the precursor film could induce a hybrid grain-growth mechanism for the CZTSSe film (e.g., the Na-mechanism worked on the surface while the LP-mechanism worked in the bottom simultaneously). Such grain-growth mechanism can yield CZTSSe film with uniform morphology and favorable defect properties. The CZTSSe solar cells based on the hybrid grain-growth mechanism achieved the best efficiency of 12.6%. The investigation in this paper would provide new solutions for the crystallization regulation on CZTSSe photovoltaic material.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光伏技术
·
半导体物理
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 4
Wenxuan Wang,Haiou Wang,Xiaoyu Ren
To explore variation patterns of uptake, translocation, and accumulation processes responding to organophosphate esters (OPEs) among Poaceae plants, hydroponic and computer simulation experiments were executed. Plant growth, OPEs’ concentration, and bioinformation and transcript of lipid transporters in the three terrestrial barley, wheat, and maize and aquatic rice seedlings were studied after exposure to seven OPE congeners. Four types of plants could accumulate seven OPE congeners. OPEs could promote rice growth by upregulating IAA27 hormone gene. However, maize growth was inhibited due to upregulating IAA17 hormone gene. In general, OPEs with log K ow > 4 tended to accumulate in roots of the four types of plants. Furthermore, the uptake, translocation, and accumulation mechanism of OPEs in different plants showed species-specific, depending on chemical properties of OPEs and biological factors specifically referring to the binding ability and gene expression of lipid transporters. The uptake and accumulation of OPE in aquatic rice roots were mainly influenced by biological factors. On the contrary, terrestrial plants relied on log K ow more than biological factors. Meanwhile, TIL of Poaceae plants could be a common and key protein that contributed to OPEs accumulation.
研究领域:
植物学
·
环境科学
·
分子生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Scientific Reports
·
2020
·Vol. 10
·期 1
·1-9
·
IF 3.998
Chen Jinxiang,Yang Jing,Ma Lanlan,Li Jun,Shahzad Nasir,Kim Chan Kyung
The antioxidant activities of 18 typical phenolic acids were investigated using 2, 2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Five thermodynamic parameters involving hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), single-electron transfer followed by proton transfer (SET-PT), and sequential proton-loss electron transfer (SPLET) mechanisms were calculated using density functional theory with the B3LYP/UB3LYP functional and 6–311++G (d, p) basis set and compared in the phenolic acids. Based on the same substituents on the benzene ring, -CH 2 COOH and -CH = CHCOOH can enhance the antioxidant activities of phenolic acids, compared with -COOH. Methoxyl (-OCH 3 ) and phenolic hydroxyl (-OH) groups can also promote the antioxidant activities of phenolic acids. These results relate to the O-H bond dissociation enthalpy of the phenolic hydroxyl group in phenolic acids and the values of proton affinity and electron transfer enthalpy (ETE) involved in the electron donation ability of functional groups. In addition, we speculated that HAT, SET-PT, and SPLET mechanisms may occur in the DPPH reaction system. Whereas SPLET was the main reaction mechanism in the FRAP system, because, except for 4-hydroxyphenyl acid, the ETE values of the phenolic acids in water were consistent with the experimental results.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
化学
·
生物学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 11.4
Lei Chen,Daijie Chen,Shunyi Zhou,Jieying Lin,Yun Liu,Xiongfei Huang,Qingqi Lin,Jean Louis Morel,Zhuobiao Ni,Shizhong Wang,Rongliang Qiu
Hexafluoropropylene oxide (HFPO) homologues, which are important alternatives to perfluorooctanoic acid, have been frequently identified in crops. Although exposure to HFPO homologues via crops may pose non-negligible threats to humans, their impact on crops is still unknown. In this study, the accumulation, transport, and distribution mechanisms of three HFPO homologues in lettuce were investigated at the plant, tissue, and cell levels. More specifically, HFPO trimer acid and HFPO tetramer acid were primarily fixed in roots and hardly transported to shoots (TF, 0.06–0.63). Conversely, HFPO dimer acid (HFPO-DA) tended to accumulate in lettuce shoots 2–264 times more than the other two homologues, thus resulting in higher estimated daily intake values. Furthermore, the dissolved organic matter derived from root exudate enhanced HFPO-DA uptake by increasing its desorption fractions in the rhizosphere. The transmembrane uptake of HFPO homologues was controlled by means of a transporter-mediated active process involving anion channels, with the uptake of HFPO-DA being additionally facilitated by aquaporins. The higher accumulation of HFPO-DA in shoots was attributed to the larger proportions of HFPO-DA in the soluble fraction (55–74%) and its higher abundance in both vascular tissues and xylem sap. Our findings expand the understanding of the fate of HFPO homologues in soil–crop systems and reveal the underlying mechanisms of the potential exposure risk to HFPO-DA.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
植物学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
·
2020
·Vol. 103
·期 6
·3905-3916
·
IF 3.502
Yongjie Liu,Yue Wang,Yu Zhang,Zhixiong You,Xuewei Lv
Ammonia gas can be simultaneously used as a reductant and nitrogen source to prepare TiN from titania. In this work, the mechanisms on reduction and nitridation of micrometer-sized anatase with ammonia gas have been investigated, using both thermodynamic and experimental studies. The thermodynamic analysis indicated that reduction and nitridation of TiO 2 by NH 3 was feasible. Anatase will undergo different paths to form TiN, depending on the reaction temperature. Upon heating, NH 3 was seen to partially decompose into N 2 and H 2 , although the actual NH 3 decomposition ratio was less than the theoretical value. The experimental results indicated that the obtained titanium nitride was non-stoichiometric (TiN x O 1 −x , x ≤ 1), as it contained a certain amount of oxygen. Based on the phase transformation and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, the reduction and nitridation routes were deduced: TiO 2 reacted with NH 3 to form TiN x O 1− x directly, at lower temperatures, and followed the path TiO 2 → Ti n O 2n−1 → TiN x O 1− x , at higher temperatures. Ti n O 2n−1 was determined to be Ti 4 O 7 and Ti 3 O 5 at 1100°C and 1200°C, respectively. Reaction temperature and time significantly affected the oxygen and nitrogen contents in TiN x O 1− x , with the lattice parameter of roasted products gradually increasing—approaching those of pure TiN—with an increase in reaction temperature and holding time. At the same time, the content of oxygen in TiN x O 1− x decreased, and its nitrogen content correspondingly increased.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
·
2013
·Vol. 31
·期 3
·393-400
·
IF 0.917
Anna Zheng,Bo Chen,Dihang Hu,Yong Guan,Dafu Wei,Shuzhao Li,Dandan Ji
This work confirms the new view of the initiation and propagation mechanism of the anionic polymerization previously proposed, based on the investigation of anionic bulk-polymerization of styrene and α -methyl styrene with the help of a self designed microflow device and characterized by GPC and in situ 7 Li NMR. It was found that n -BuLi tended to form the hexameric-aggregated structure and even to form the huge aggregated structure based on the former. These aggregations of initiators could directly initiate the anionic polymerization and form the supramolecule aggregations. The supramolecule aggregations inevitably blocked the diffusion of the monomers to the ion-pairs and resulted in a stationary-conversion platform. Then the aggregators were dissociated completely into equal binary-aggregated species, and the polymerization continued again rapidly before the termination. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) acted as the electron donator, which could push the electron cloud to Li cation and make the aggregated ring of the active species rather loosened and facilitated the monomer to insert in. Therefore, a little THF can greatly promote the anionic polymerization. However, further addition of THF might block the channel between the ion-pairs and decrease the propagation rate. It was also found that the aggregated structure of the active species during the anionic polymerization only depends on the initiator aggregations which were formed before the polymerization.
研究领域:
化学
·
高分子科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
·
2020
·
IF 4.049
Lefei Jiao,Tianmeng Dai,Tinglan Cao,Min Jin,Peng Sun,Qicun Zhou
Heavy metal pollution arising from agricultural and industrial activities poses a significant threat to the aquatic environment, especially the increasing levels of chromium (Cr) that is exacerbating marine pollution. Given the economic importance of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei ( L. vannamei ), understanding the impact of marine Cr pollution is deemed to be significant. In this study, we used the transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) technique to characterize the molecular mechanism of Cr exposure in L. vannamei . Gene ontology enrichment analysis showed substrate-specific and ion transport-related functions were mainly influenced by Cr exposure. We further identified genes involved in protein digestion and absorption (PEPT1, BAT1, MDU1), chemical carcinogenesis (GST and UGTs), ABC transporters (ABCC2), apoptosis (CAPN1, CASP10, PARP), implying the potentially Cr disintoxication mechanisms in L. vannamei . Genes within pancreatic secretion (ALT, LDH), lysosome (CTSL and HEXB), and peroxisome (ACOX1, ECI2, NUDT12) pathways implied the potentially Cr toxicity mechanisms in L. vannamei .
研究领域:
环境科学
·
分子生物学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
·
2020
·
IF 6.793
Jingru Li,Yao Li,Shiyi Tang,Yufan Zhang,Juxiang Zhang,Yuqiao Li,Liqin Xiong
The use of polymers such as plastic has become an important part of daily life, and in aqueous environments, these polymers are considered as pollutants. When macropolymers are reduced to the nanoscale, their small particle size and large specific surface area facilitate their uptake by plants, which has a significant impact on aquatic plants. Therefore, it is essential to study the pollution of nanoscale polymers in the aquatic environment. In this work, we prepared nanoscale polymer dots (Pdots) and explored their toxicity, uptake and transport mechanisms in penny grass. From toxicological studies, in the absence of other nutrients, the cell structure, physiological parameters (total soluble protein and chlorophyll) and biochemical parameters (malondialdehyde) do not show significant changes over at least five days. Through in vivo fluorescence and photoacoustic (PA) imaging, the transport location can be visually detected accurately, and the transport rate can be analyzed without destroying the plants. Moreover, through ex vivo fluorescence imaging, we found that different types of Pdots have various uptake and transport mechanisms in stems and blades. It may be due to the differences in ligands, particle sizes, and oil-water partition coefficients of Pdots. By understanding how Pdots interact with plants, a corresponding method can be developed to prevent them from entering plants, thus avoiding the toxicity from accumulation. Therefore, the results of this study also provide the basis for subsequent prevention work.
研究领域:
植物学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
WATER RESEARCH
·
2017
·
IF 6.942
Erdan Hu,Ya Zhang,Shuyan Wu,Jun Wu,Liyuan Liang,Feng He
Mn(III) is a strong oxidant for one electron transfer , which may be important in the transformation of organic contaminants during water/wastewater treatment and biogeochemical redox processes. This study explored the reaction mechanisms of dissolved Mn(III) with organics. The role of dissolved Mn(III) either as a catalyst or an oxidant in reactions with organics was recognized. Aquo and/or hydroxo (or free) Mn(III), generated from the bisulfite activated permanganate process, facilitated efficient N-dealkylation of atrazine via a β-elimination mechanism, resulting no net redox reaction. In contrast, free Mn(III) degraded 4-chlorophenol via intramolecular redox processes, the same as hydroxyl radical ( OH), resulting in dechlorination , OH substitution, ring-opening and mineralization. Mn(III)-pyrophosphate compounds did not react with atrazine because complexation by pyrophosphate rendered Mn(III) unable to bond with atrazine, thus the electron and proton transfers between the reactants couldn't occur. However, it degraded 4-chlorophenol at a slower rate compared to free Mn(III), due to its reduced oxidation potential. These results showed two distinct mechanisms on the degradation of organic contaminants and the insights may be applied in natural manganese-rich environments and water treatment processes with manganese compounds .
研究领域:
环境科学
·
化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 10.8
Yunshuo Wu,Xuanhao Wu,Jie Fan,Haiqiang Wang,Zhongbiao Wu
Iron zeolites are promising candidates for mitigating nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas and contributor to stratospheric ozone destruction. However, the atomic-level mechanisms by which different iron species, including isolated sites, clusters, and particles, participate in N2O decomposition in the presence of CO still remain poorly understood, which hinders the application of the reaction in practical technology. Herein, through experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we identified that isolated iron sites were active for N2O activation to generate adsorbed O* species, which readily reacted with CO following the Eley–Rideal (E-R) mechanism. In contrast, Fe2O3 particles exhibited a different reaction pathway, directly reacting with CO to generate oxygen vacancies (Ov), which could efficiently dissociate N2O following the Mars-van Krevelen (MvK) mechanism. Moreover, the transformation of iron oxide clusters into undercoordinated FeOx species by CO was also revealed through various techniques, such as CO-temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations. Our study provides deeper insights into the roles of different iron species in N2O-SCR by CO, and is anticipated to facilitate the understanding of multicomponent catalysis and the design of efficient iron-containing catalysts for practical applications.
研究领域:
催化化学
·
环境科学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
·
2012
·
IF 5.625
Xi Li,Jian Zhu,Hexing Li
The photocatalytic performances of the SnS 2 and the CdS under the irradiation of visible light were investigated by using different organic dyes as reactants. The photodegradation of organic dyes containing N N double bond on the SnS 2 followed a reduction mechanism with photoelectrons via the Sn IV /Sn II transition while the photodegradation of organic dyes containing N N double bond on the CdS and the photodegradation of organic dyes without N N double bond on either the SnS 2 or the CdS followed an oxidation mechanism with O 2 − and OH radicals. The SnS 2 exhibited much higher activity than the CdS during the photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes containing N N double bond, since the reduction of reactant molecules on the SnS 2 surface was much faster than the migration of either the O 2 − or the OH radicals. However, the SnS 2 displayed even lower activity than the CdS in the photocatalytic degradation of other organic dyes without N N double bond, since all these reactions followed the oxidation mechanism and the SnS 2 displayed a lower efficiency than the CdS in producing O 2 − or OH radicals due to the presence of the Sn IV /Sn II transition.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Advanced Energy Materials
·
2018
·Vol. 8
·期 15
·1703217
·
IF 21.875
Panxing Bai,Yongwu He,Xiaoxi Zou,Xinxin Zhao,Peixun Xiong,Yunhua Xu
Hard carbons (HCs) are the most promising candidate anode materials for emerging Na-ion batteries (NIBs). HCs are composed of misaligned graphene sheets with plentiful nanopores and defects, imparting a complex correlation between its structure and sodium-storage behavior. The currently debated mechanism of Na + -ion insertion in HCs hinders the development of high-performance NIBs. In this article, ingenious and reliable strategies are used to elaborate the correlation between the structure and electrochemical performance and further illuminate the sodium-storage mechanism in HCs. First, filling sulfur into the micropores of HCs can remove the low-voltage plateau, providing solid evidence for its association with the pore-filling mechanism. Along with the decreased concentration of defects/heteroatoms at higher treatment temperature, the reduced sloping capacity confirms the adsorption mechanism in the sloping region. Finally, the similar sodium-insertion behaviors of HCs with ether-based and ester-based electrolytes indicate that no Na + ions intercalate between the graphene layers. The determined adsorption-pore-filling mechanism encourages the design of more efficient HC anode materials with high capacity for high-energy NIBs.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）