CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 13.3
Hao Chen,Yucheng Liu,Xiaowen Zhou,Wenyi Zhang,Peihai Ju,Xiaoyu Zhong,Jiuyang Lin,Yinhua Wan,Xuewei Li
The lutetium has been known to be used in medical imaging materials, but its scarcity in the Earth’s crust makes it expensive. In this work, we present a process for efficient lutetium recovery from the lutetium-yttrium oxyorthosilicate crystals (LYSO) waste. The process involves preliminary mechanical activation, followed by rare earth extraction via acid leaching. The key factors for activation and leaching were studied and optimized. The mechanism of mechanical activation promoting rare earth leaching was revealed by employing the characterizations of morphology and crystal structure of LYSO. It was found that the mechanical activation process could destroy the crystal structure of LYSO waste, forming numerous amorphous phases and grain boundaries, which facilitated the breaking of existing bonds and mass transfer of acid. It was also discovered that the formation of silica gel during leaching impedes the leaching of rare earth, and low concentrations of hydrochloric acid, combined with stirring during acid leaching, could reduce the impact of silica gel. Ultimately, following a mechanical activation pretreatment at 300 rpm for 90 min, 98.7 % of lutetium could be leached after 60 min of acid leaching in 3 mol/L hydrochloric acid. This process addresses the problems associated with high energy consumption and excessive usage of acidic and alkaline reagents in conventional recycling techniques. Compared to conventional methods, the mechanical activation-acid leaching method has a minimum economic benefit improvement of 20.8 % in the process of recovery from LYSO waste. It offers an alternative and more energy-efficient and economical recycling route for waste scintillation crystals.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
·
2024
·
IF 5.8
Biao He,Zhiwei Han,Jingyan Wang,Yaning Li,Jian Li,Saichao Song,Chen Li,Wei Liu,Chengyang Wu
Fluorine-based aluminum thermite have excellent ignition and combustion properties. Nonetheless, its combustion kinetics and energy release are hindered by slow mass diffusion and incomplete reactions. Therefore, this study successfully prepared an Al@PTFE composite with a core-shell structure, utilizing mechanical activation and sintering techniques, to enhance combustion properties and energy release rate. SEM, XRD, FTIR and XPS characterization results demonstrate the unique core-shell structure of the samples and the homogeneous distribution of elements on the surface. In comparison to the physical mixture, the Al@PTFE composite exhibits significantly higher values for P max (2.19 times), P max /Δt (11.30 times), and flame propagation velocity (4.5 times). Furthermore, the combustion duration required to reach the maximum flame height was reduced by 131.75 ms. The adsorption, decomposition and reaction processes of PTFE on the surface of aluminum particles were demonstrated based on RMD simulations. The promotion mechanism of PTFE on combustion in aluminum particles was elucidated.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
燃烧化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
·
2014
·
IF 5.039
Yanjuan Zhang,Qian Li,Jianmei Su,Ye Lin,Zuqiang Huang,Yinghua Lu,Guosong Sun,Mei Yang,Aimin Huang,Huayu Hu,Yuanqin Zhu
A new technology for the pretreatment of natural cellulose was developed, which combined mechanical activation (MA) and metal salt treatments in a stirring ball mill. Different valent metal nitrates were used to investigate the changes in degree of polymerization (DP) and crystallinity index (CrI) of cellulose after MA + metal salt (MAMS) pretreatment, and Al(NO 3 ) 3 showed better pretreatment effect than NaNO 3 and Zn(NO 3 ) 2 . The destruction of morphological structure of cellulose was mainly resulted from intense ball milling, and the comparative studies on the changes of DP and crystal structure of MA and MA + Al(NO 3 ) 3 pretreated cellulose samples showed a synergistic interaction of MA and Al(NO 3 ) 3 treatments with more effective changes of structural characteristics of MA + Al(NO 3 ) 3 pretreated cellulose and substantial increase of reducing sugar yield in enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. In addition, the results indicated that the presence of Al(NO 3 ) 3 had significant enhancement for the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose.
研究领域:
生物化学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
MINERALS ENGINEERING
·
2018
·
IF 2.707
Yubiao Li,Zhiming Li,Bing Wang,Zhaomin Dong,Shaoxian Song
The mechanical activation was applied as a pre-treatment method to improve molybdenite (MoS 2 ) leaching . The effects of grinding ball size, ball to powder mass ratio, milling speed and time, molar ratio of mineral to oxidants, as well as the influence of solution pH, temperature and leaching time were investigated in detail. The results showed an extremely low Mo extraction (less than 2% at acidic and neutral conditions) for MoS 2 activated alone. However, Mo extraction was increased significantly after co-grinding of MoS 2 with NaClO 2 and Na 2 CO 3 , e.g ., more than 58% in any leaching solution applied. Prolonging the grinding time improved Mo extraction but the efficiency was declined gradually, giving rise to an optimum grinding efficiency at 4 h with a molar ratio of 1:3:5 for MoS 2 :NaClO 2 :Na 2 CO 3 . Distilled water was selected as the leaching solution since this gave similar Mo recovery to other lixiviants. Higher temperature and longer leaching time were beneficial to Mo extraction. However, it was also found that too large grinding balls and high ball to powder mass ratio adversely affected MoS 2 extraction. The kinetics analysis indicated that the leaching of activated MoS 2 followed a chemical reaction controlled mechanism. The XRD and SEM analyses indicated that mechanical activation not only reduced the particle size of MoS 2 but also triggered solid state reaction to produce soluble Na 2 MoO 4 , thereby improving Mo extraction significantly.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS
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2019
·Vol. 30
·期 6
·5866-5873
·
IF 2.195
Zhu Chengyi,Liu Jianxiong,Yu Xiaohua,Zhang Yannan,Zhang Yingjie,Jiang Xiaodong,Wang Sai,Wang Qiang,Dong Peng
Co-doped Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 nanosheets are synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method assisted by mechanical activation technology. The as-prepared Co-doped Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 is characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscopy. The morphology measurement shows that the Co-doped Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 still maintain the three-dimensional nanosheet structures and good crystallinity after Co doping. As we expected, Co-doped Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 exhibits higher initial discharge specific capacity, improved cycling performance, and impressive rate capability compared with pristine Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 nanosheets. Even under 20 °C charge/discharge rates, the initial discharge capacity of Co-doped Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 is up to 106 mAh g −1 . The electrochemical impedance spectra measurement further displays that the charge-transfer resistance of Co-doped Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 is much lower than that of pristine one after 20 cycles. The improved electrochemical performance of Co-doped Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 is mainly because the Co doping can effectively enlarge the size of the channel by altering the lattice parameter, which can facilitate Li + diffusion and electron transportation.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2023
·
IF 15.1
Chao Wang,Min Chen,Huimin Hu,Junwei Huang,Ting Jiang,Lei Peng,Qing Shi,Qiwu Zhang
The deep treatment of monovalent thallium (Tl + ) and the study of Tl + incorporation mechanism are of great value for water safety. However, current research objectives have focused on how to oxidize or precipitate Tl + , while neglecting to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the direct immobilization and stable storage state of Tl + . Therefore, the present study examines in detail how Tl + is directly incorporated and stably stored by silicate minerals. In this study, an idea is proposed to enhance the purification of Tl-containing wastewater by using mechanically activated mica to stabilize Tl + in the silicate structure in the form of lattice residue state. Elucidation of the removal mechanism was first performed with focus on Tl + exchange with interlayer K + and H(H 2 O) + inside the silicate mineral based on the quantitative data and a series of characterizations such as XRD, XPS, FTIR, SEM-EDS and TG. As adsorbents for Tl-containing wastewater, both activated phlogopite and biotite for the purification of target wastewater demonstrated excellent performances at a dose of 2 g/L and a reaction time of 240 min, reaching quantitatively down to 23.88 μg/L and nearly 0 μg/L respectively, from an initial Tl + concentration of 1203 μg/L, so that the effluent concentrations would meet the requirements of US EPA and Chinese discharge standards for industrial wastewater and drinking water. In addition, density functional theory (DFT) calculation was used to quantify the adsorption energy of Tl + being solidified in the interlayer structure to further give insight into the mechanism of Tl + immobilization by silicate mineral.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
·
2018
·Vol. 53
·期 19
·13790-13800
·
IF 2.993
Guo Yaoguang,Li Yaguang,Lou Xiaoyi,Guan Jie,Li Yingshun,Mai Xianmin,Liu Hu,Zhao Cindy Xinxin,Wang Ning,Yan Chao,Gao Guilan,Yuan Hao,Dai Jue,Su Ruijng,Guo Zhanhu
Cobalt (Co) and lithium (Li) were extracted from pure LiCoO 2 powders and actual cathode material powders from the spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) after l -ascorbic acid dissolution via a mechanical activation process. The influences of activation time and rotation speed on the leaching were discussed. The mechanism of the improved leaching yield was proposed based on the characterization analysis including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, BET-specific surface area and particle size analyzer. The reduced particle size, increased specific surface area of activated samples, destroyed crystal structure and amorphous state of LiCoO 2 contributed to the improved leaching efficiencies of Co and Li. With the activated process, about 99% Co and 100% Li were extracted from actual spent LIBs after 60-min grinding at 500 rpm with mild conditions. This effective process would be of great importance for recovering valuable metals from the spent LIBs at room temperature.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
·
2023
·
IF 11.2
Jia Song,Xiangxuan Lin,Hongrui Wu,Zuqiang Huang,Tao Gan,Huayu Hu,Yuben Qin,Yanjuan Zhang
Developing environmentally friendly film materials for packaging pesticides is significant yet challenging. The use of native starch for preparing inner packaging materials of pesticides is limited by its physicochemical properties. In this study, a novel strategy of synergetic mechanical activation (MA)-enhanced solid-phase esterification of starch and cooperative combination of starch and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was proposed to fabricate biodegradable and cold-water-soluble starch (St)/PVA films. The appropriate esterification of starch and favorable compatibility between starch and PVA contributed to the production of St/PVA films by the extrusion-blowing method. The as-prepared film with St/PVA ratio of 4:6 exhibited outstanding mechanical properties (tensile strengths of 21.0 MPa; elongation at break of 213.9 %), cold-water solubility (dissolution time of 90 s), and oxygen barrier performance (oxygen transmission rate of 1.41 cm 3 /(m 2 ·day·bar)). The dissolved St/PVA films with amphiphilic groups were conducive to the emulsification of butachlor (a fat-soluble liquid pesticide) and the dispersibility of oxyfluorfen (a fat-soluble solid pesticide). Furthermore, a mechanism of the interaction between pesticides and the surface of weed leaves was proposed to reveal the enhanced efficacy of St/PVA films-packaged pesticides. The strategy based on MA-enhanced esterification and PVA blending is efficient to produce starch-based films suitable for inner packaging materials of pesticides.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
·
2024
·
IF 6.3
Huixin Zhou,Dingxun Ma,Lingwen Dai,Yichao Wang,Xiaoling Ren,Xiaozhen Liu,Xumin Li,Haijiao Xie,Xinqian Shu
Quartz (Qtz) and kaolinite (Kln) are the main siliceous minerals in coal gangue (CG), which can be converted into effective silica by mechanical activation and improve the utilization efficiency of CG in turn. This study aimed to analyze and reveal the reaction mechanism of siliceous minerals in CG under mechanical activation surface modification by experiments and DFT calculations. We showed that increasing the rotational speed and m(Al 2 O 3 /SiO 2 ) stoichiometric ratio simultaneously boosted the activation ratio of siliceous minerals, up to 3.91 %. Mechanical activation promoted the formation of oxygen vacancy structures on siliceous minerals surfaces, which aligned with the system’s activation capacity. The Exp3P2 polynomial function model best described the relationship between the rotational speed and the activation ratio of different siliceous minerals. The oxygen vacancy, S BET , rotational speed, milling temperature, m(Al 2 O 3 /SiO 2 ) stoichiometric ratio, total pore volume showed significant positive correlations with the activation ratio. First-principles calculations revealed that the oxygen defect formation energy of Kln (5.17 eV) was slightly smaller than Qtz (5.27 eV), Kln was more likely to form oxygen defects than Qtz in mechanically activated reaction. This research contributes to understanding the mechanical activation of CG into effective silica, enhancing its potential for the graded and quality-based utilization.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
矿物加工工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2021
·
IF 6.953
Bin Liang,Yuhuan Deng,Xingtang Liang,Xiunan Cai,Yanjuan Zhang,Yanzhen Yin,Huayu Hu,Zuqiang Huang,Yuben Qin
In this work, a combined mechanical activation and FeCl 3 (MA + FeCl 3 ) method was applied to pretreat chitin to enhance the degree of hydrothermal carbonization. MA + FeCl 3 pretreatment significantly disrupt the crystalline region of chitin and Fe 3+ entered into the molecular chain, resulting in the destruction of the stable structure of chitin. The chemical and structural properties of hydrochars were characterized by EA, SEM, FTIR , XRD , XPS , 13 C solid state NMR , and N 2 adsorption-desorption analyses. The results showed that the H/C and O/C atomic ratios of HC-MAFCT/230 (the hydrochar derived from MA + FeCl 3 pretreated chitin with hydrothermal reaction temperature of 230 °C) were 0.96 and 0.34, respectively. Van Krevelen diagram indicated that the hydrothermal carbonization of chitin underwent a series of reactions such as dehydration, decarboxylation , and aromatization . HC-MAFCT/230 had abundant oxygen- and nitrogen-containing functional groups. HC-MAFCT/230 exhibited a porous structure, with the specific surface area of 128 m 2 g −1 , which was a promising carbon material.
研究领域:
生物化学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
HYDROMETALLURGY
·
2021
·
IF 4.156
Yubiao Li,Qihang Xiao,Zhiming Li,Andrea R. Gerson
The slow leaching rate of molybdenite (MoS 2 ), due to its inert nature, and low recovery hinders the application of traditional hydrometallurgical processing. This study investigated the effects of grinding speed and time, molar ratio of sodium chlorate (NaClO 3 , oxidant) to MoS 2 , leaching time and temperature on the leaching efficiency of molybdenum (Mo). Grinding at low speeds via mechanical activation decreased particle size. However, at speeds over 450 rpm for 1.0 h, or at lower speeds but with longer time, it triggers a solid-state reaction (mechanochemistry) producing soluble Na 2 Mo 2 O 7 . This may be due to the existence of an energy threshold for the solid-state reaction. The most suitable activating conditions were 600 rpm for 0.5 h, with a molar ratio of NaClO 3 : MoS 2 = 5, leached in 0.1 M NaOH solution for 2.0 h at 348 K, giving rise to a Mo recovery of 74.8%. The initial acid leaching stage of the ground mixture is dominated by the dissolution of Na 2 Mo 2 O 7 , giving rise to elevated Mo recovery. The later stage is controlled by the dissolution of MoS 2 , slowing down the increase in Mo extraction. As compared to alkaline conditions, acidic leaching of MoS 2 ground at low speeds (non solid-state reaction) gives greater Mo recovery, due to the greater activity of NaClO 3 to MoS 2 under acidic conditions. However, the greatest Mo recovery is achieved in alkaline solution for MoS 2 ground at high speed (solid-state reaction) due to the occurrence of mechanochemical reaction.
研究领域:
冶金化学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 8.1
Tingting Zhang,Di Wu,Zhenlei Wang,Guangsen Song,Guozhi Fan,Xinyu Cai,Yunliang Zhao
Excess phosphorus (P) in surface water poses a serious threat to ecological safety. However, current methods for effectively removing low concentrations of phosphorus are complicated and expensive. Herein, we used one-step mechanical activation to enhance the release of alkalinity from carbonates and to stimulate ferrous activity in situ, thus achieving efficient and stable removal of phosphorus at low concentrations. The resultant activated FeCO 3 was demonstrated to be a high-performance material, which can remove more than 92 % of the actual low concentration of phosphorus pollution within 30 min, and the concentration of the effluent steadily met the requirements of Chinese Class I environmental quality standards for surface water (0.02 mg/L). In addition, mechanistic investigation showed that mechanical activation significantly enhanced the reactivity and phosphorus removal performance of MgCO 3 . Moreover, one-step mechanical activation simultaneously stimulates the release of alkaline and ferrous ionic groups from iron-rich FeCO 3 , which can produce highly active trivalent iron oxides in situ, leading to efficient and stable phosphorus removal at low concentrations. The present work provides a new insight and direction for developing high-performance materials to remediate low concentration phosphorus polluted waters.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）