High-consistency mechano-enzymatic fibrillation (HCMEF) is a green approach to producing high solid fibrillated cellulose (HSFC), in which most micro- and nanoscale fibrils can be generated. Here, the HCMEF approach was proposed to pre-fibrillate bleached- and lignin-containing pulp fibers to yield coarse HSFC as precursors that were further refined by microfluidization or phosphorylation combined with microfluidization to produce highly fibrillated cellulose with multifunctionalities. The results showed that microfluidization alone of HSFC could significantly reduce fibril diameter and narrow size distribution and considerably enhance mechanical and barrier properties of the resulting films. The post-phosphorylation followed by microfluidization generated fibrils with the highest fibrillation degree; the cast films possessed intrinsic flame-retardance and excellent oxygen barrier properties in addition to greatly improved tensile strength (up to 180 MPa). In addition, the resulting highly fibrillated lignin-containing cellulose films exhibited excellent UV-shielding performance, blocking as high as 99% UV lights while retaining moderate optical transparency (62% at 600 nm).
Qihong Zhang,Zhaohui Lu,Chen Su,Zongmiao Feng,Hui Wang,Jingbo Yu,Weike Su
Traditional methods of enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose to cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are limited due to the low enzymatic efficiency and large amount of waste liquid. The purpose of this study is to improve the yield and production efficiency of CNCs by enzymatic hydrolysis. A one-step mechano-enzymatic hydrolysis method was developed by utilizing the synergy of wet grinding and enzymatic hydrolysis reaction to efficiently prepare CNCs. Under the optimal reaction conditions, the maximum CNCs yield of 49.3% was achieved with higher thermal stability and crystallinity index of 76.7%. Mechano-enzymatic hydrolysis followed the first order pseudo-kinetics, and fractal kinetics demonstrated that mechanical force of rotation speed affected the fractal dimensions and binding ability between substrate and enzyme. This study provides an alternative method to prepare CNCs, which can significantly avoid the use of bulk water, improve the production efficiency of CNCs and thus lower the production cost.
Wenjing Su,Wenhao Xu,Nikolay E. Polyakov,Alexandr V. Dushkin,Pei Qiao,Weike Su
In this study, a moderate method for efficient zero-waste utilization and reforming from shrimp shell waste was developed by means of mechanochemistry. The method enables the conversion of shrimp shell waste into astaxanthin , chitin , small peptides, amino acids, and lipids for zero waste; the method uses green mechano-enzymatic hydrolysis and mechanical solid organic acid treatment of shrimp shell waste to achieve zero consumption of strong acids alkali, and organic solvent. The underlying mechanism was revealed by thermodynamic determination, spectroscopic analysis , and electron microscopy observation of the extraction process. In the research, a green economic reuse approach for crustacean waste is proposed to achieve United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 3, 6, 12 and 14 with the concept of circular economy(Sutherland et al., 2021), and this study proposes a green economic reuse method of crustacean waste.
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