Forests
·
2024
·Vol. 15
·期 10
·1830
·
IF 2.4
Yong Liu,Jiake Chen,Cunxin Li,Xiangna Han,Hao Wang,Jinsong Bai,Xiaohua Liu
Block lifting is a key step in stabilizing and removing fragile remains at archaeological excavation sites. Due to its favorable working properties and adhesive effect, menthol has recently been proposed as a volatile binding medium for temporary consolidation in archaeological conservation. This paper presents a case study on the use of menthol in the extraction and restoration of a large wooden coffin lid, approximately 1.9 m long and 0.9 m wide, from tomb 11 (M11) at Xie’ertala, located east of a Xie’ertala town in Hailar City, Inner Mongolia, dating to the 7th to 10th centuries CE. This coffin lid had fragmented into numerous wooden pieces, and was preserved in a relatively arid steppe environment, necessitating the extraction of the lid as a consolidated block. The use of menthol for consolidating and lifting the highly fragmented wooden coffin lid was intended to preserve critical archaeological information while avoiding damage to the underlying objects. An analysis of the physicochemical properties of these wooden remains suggests that the timber used for the coffin lid belongs to a common pine species from the Hulunbuir region. The degradation of the coffin lid was relatively mild, as shown by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) results. Dynamic Vapor Sorption (DVS) tests indicated that the hygroscopicity of the archaeological wood was 23.4%, compared to 21.1% for the reference sample, demonstrating good environmental stability. The safety of menthol as a treatment for fragile wooden remains was evaluated by comparing changes in the morphological and porosity characteristics of the coffin lid before and after menthol treatment. After treatment, the widths of the fissures remained largely unchanged, with all relative variations being less than 1%, and the porosity as well as pore size distribution of the wood showed negligible changes. Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) results showed that only 0.6% of menthol residue remained after 8 days of sublimation. This pilot study demonstrates that menthol is a safe temporary consolidant for block lifting and offers a promising alternative to the widely used cyclododecane. In conclusion, this research provided a new approach for conservators to safely lift similarly large and fragile wood remains during archaeological excavations.
研究领域:
考古学
·
文物保护
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Scientific Reports
·
2020
·Vol. 10
·期 1
·1-18
·
IF 3.998
Wang Yanting,Gong Shengying,Li Yazhuo,Li Zhang,Fu Jie
In this study, a novel, sustainable and efficient ceramsite substrate of constructed wetlands (CWs) were prepared for tetracycline (TC) removal by employing bentonite (Ben) and red mud (Rm) as the main materials and pine sawdust (Ps) as the additive. The optimal parameters for Ben/Rm/Ps ceramsite preparation were obtained via orthogonal and one-factor experimental designs, and the optimal parameters were presented as follows: mass ratio of Ben: Rm: Ps = 4:1:0.9, preheating temperature = 240 °C, preheating time = 20 min, calcining temperature = 1150 °C, and calcining time = 14 min. The properties of Ben/Rm/Ps-op ceramsite (obtained at the optimal condition) were first analyzed, including XRD and SEM, and demonstrated a microporous structure with some crystal strength components. Neutral condition and higher temperature were indicated conducive to improve the TC removal efficiency, while coexisting ions (Na + or Ca 2+ ) showed adverse effect for TC adsorption by Ben/Rm/Ps-op. In addition, adsorption kinetics and isotherm could be well described by the second-order kinetics and linear isothermal model, respectively, which suggested chemisorption and multilayer adsorption thickness increased infinitely. The theoretical maximum TC adsorption capacity of Ben/Rm/Ps-op at 20 °C reached up to 2.5602 mg/g. In addition, Ben/Rm/Ps-op could effectively remove TC as the CWs substrate under a dynamic flow condition. Further, Ben/Rm/Ps-op exhibited high reusability capability and stability for TC removal, and the adsorption amount still remained for 2.13 mg/g ( C 0 = 80 mg/L) after three consecutive cycles.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
水处理技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2024
·
IF 7.7
Xuan Liao,Ruiyu Guo,Meng Mei,Jinping Li,Teng Wang,Jingxin Liu,Si Chen,Wenxia Wang
Natural lignocellulose-based materials have numerous strengths such as abundance, cheap price and biodegradability, which indicates a brilliant prospect for environmental protection. This work aimed to design an efficient sorbent (NaSS-PSD) by pine sawdust (PSD) for the surveillance and management of enrofloxacin (ENR). In the study, sodium styrenesulfonate (NaSS) was chosen as an effective monomer to ameliorate the performance of PSD by graft copolymerization. The removal of ENR by NaSS-PSD was enhanced in comparison with the ungrafted ones under investigated conditions. Pseudo-second-order and Temkin were the best-fitted models to describe the adsorption behavior. For the first time, NaSS-PSD was employed as a novel extractant of solid-phase extraction (SPE) and dispersive solid-phase microextraction (DSPME) to develop accurate, eco-friendly and economic analytical techniques for trace ENR determination. Good linearity and reproducibility were obtained. The limits of detection were 0.41 μg/L for DSPME-HPLC-DAD technique and 0.15 μg/L for SPE-HPLC-DAD technique. These two methods exhibited satisfying practicability when applied to quantify ENR residue in real waters. The study on interfacial interaction mechanism and preferential binding sites suggested that hydrogen bond and π-π interactions took the primary responsibility. Our work provides a good perspective for tailoring natural lignocellulosic biomass to be alternative adsorbents for emerging pollutants.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
·
2017
·Vol. 52
·期 13
·7664-7676
·
IF 2.599
Zhu Guoting,Xing Xianjun,Wang Jiaquan,Zhang Xianwen
Different types of acid pretreatment are known to influence the removal of certain components from pine wood sawdust, due to differences in the acid hydrolysis, which also predetermine the final formation and adsorptive properties of the produced activated carbon (AC) through subsequent potassium hydroxide activation. AC made by using phosphorous acid as an acid pretreatment had the largest absorption capacity of methylene blue (MB) dye due to its highest acidity. Subsequently, the effects on the adsorption variables for this AC such as initial pH, MB concentration, contact time and temperature were investigated. The resulting adsorption process was classified as pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the Langmuir isotherm model better described the equilibrium data in comparison with the Freundlich isotherm model. The outcome showed that a lower temperature had an increased adsorption capacity of sawdust-derived AC pretreated with phosphorous acid, which allowed maximum adsorption capacities of 303.03 mg/g at 30 °C, implying that the adsorption was an endothermic process. Phosphorous acid pretreatment and activation processes proved to be an effective strategy to prepare highly porous AC from sawdust, with high potential to cationic dye removal from liquid phases.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
·
2022
·
IF 3.898
Wei Yang,Yalun Ma,Xu Zhang,Fan Yang,Dong Zhang,Shengji Wu,Huanghu Peng,Zezhou Chen,Lei Che
The effects of sulfuric acid-associated mechanical pretreatment on the hydrolysis behavior of pine sawdust were investigated in this study. Sulfuric acid could act as an acidic catalyst to depolymerize holocellulose through cleavage of the glycosidic bonds, the dissociation energies of which were supplied by the impact of a ball on pine sawdust, during milling. The destruction of glycosidic and hydrogen bonds in pine sawdust resulted in a decrease of crystallinity and an increase of water solubility. The sulfuric acid could promote the hydrolysis of holocellulose and its hydrolysis products. It also destroyed the chemical linkages between holocellulose and lignin during ball milling. The cleavage of chemical linkages with holocellulose made lignin more difficult to hydrolyze in subcritical water, and higher activation energy was needed to hydrolyze pretreated pine sawdust at higher reaction temperatures. It also led to the formation of glucose char and aromatic-linked polymer char from the hydrolysis products of holocellulose.
研究领域:
生物化学
·
可再生资源工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Cleaner Production
·
2020
·
IF 7.246
Siyu Zhao,Xueping Song,Xinyu Chai,Peitao Zhao,Hui He,Zhenwei Liu
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have novel applications as fluorescent nanomaterials in various fields. In this study, a green hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) method is proposed to produce CQDs from pine wood (P-CQDs). The P-CQDs exhibited excellent fluorescence characteristics, with the optimal excitation wavelength being 330 nm and a corresponding emission wavelength of 447 nm. A blue light emission under ultraviolet light was observed and a typical graphene structure was seen in the HR-TEM images with a fringe spacing of 0.21 nm. Moreover, the mechanism of P-CQD formation during the HTC process was proposed. It was observed that P-CQDs demonstrated an aromatic polymer structure rich in oxygen-containing groups. This is because of the condensation, chain breaking, and chain forming reactions occurring among the hydrolytic products of the cellulose , hemicellulose , and lignin in pine wood. The fluorescence quenching results indicated that the P-CQDs selectively detected Fe 3+ in an aqueous phase . This implies that these CQDs have broad application prospects for Fe 3+ detection. More importantly, this signifies that the large-scale and low-cost production of CQDs and Fe 3+ sensors will now be possible.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2022
·
IF 6.449
Xindong Chen,Hailong Li,Shimiao Yao,Can Wang,Xuefang Chen,Haijun Guo,Lian Xiong,Hairong Zhang,Xinde Chen
Lignin is regarded as the primary factor that inhibits enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose . However, the impact of cellulose ultrastructure on the inhibition of lignin during enzymatic hydrolysis is still unclear. In this work, the addition of lignin during enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose with different ultrastructure was investigated. Furthermore, the influences of changing cellulose ultrastructure on cellulose conversion of pine after hydrothermal treatment (HT) without and with additives (2-naphthol (2 N) and phloroglucinol (PL)) were explored in detail. The results showed that enzymatic hydrolyzability of allomorphic cellulose was strongly inhibited by lignin. In contrast, a small inhibition degree of lignin was observed for amorphous cellulose. Surprisingly, the cellulose conversion of HT treated pine was dramatically decreased (18.45–6.25%) after ball-milling treatment (BM), while it was significantly increased (18.45–74.49%) after concentrated phosphoric acid treatment (CP). In addition, the addition of 2 N or PL during HT could promote or inhibit cellulose conversion due to the changes in the condensation degree of lignin. These results indicated that the physiochemical structure of lignin has a significant effect on cellulose hydrolysis. More importantly, the increasing degree of cellulose conversion was enhanced in sequence from HT+PL (6.19–35.00%), HT (18.45–74.49%), to HT+ 2 N (21.12–92.30%) after CP, which was attributed to the reducing lignin condensation and changing cellulose ultrastructure. Overall, this work demonstrated that the inhibition degree of lignin was highly dependent on the cellulose ultrastructure.
研究领域:
生物化学
·
可再生资源与环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
·
2024
·
IF 5.8
Xinyang Chen,Sijie Li,Yixi Lin,Shanshan Gao,Jin Liu,Yuan Xue,Xi Gao
A series of novel catalysts were prepared by modifying biochar (BC) with different metal loading (Fe, Zn) and thermal activation in different atmospheres (CO 2 , H 2 O). The catalysts were further used to upgrade the pyrolysis vapor from pine wood sawdust, aiming to produce high-quality bio-oil. The modified biochar catalyst exhibited strong deoxygenation ability to acids and ketones in bio-oil and effectively converted lignin-derived compounds into aromatic hydrocarbons and phenols . Subsequently, the catalyst (BC-Fe-CO 2 ) demonstrating the highest yields of phenols and aromatics was selected for condition optimization. Different catalytic temperatures and biomass-to-catalyst ratios were compared to determine the optimal conditions for producing high-quality bio-oil. Phenolics and aromatic hydrocarbons content in the bio-oil reached 70 % at the optimal condition and the selectivity of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aromatic hydrocarbons reached 77 %. The properties of the biochar catalysts were characterized using BET, SEM, XRD, and XPS. The superior performance of the modified BC catalysts not only relied on its enhanced surface area and porous structure but also due to active Fe sites. The detail reaction pathways of the bio-oil catalytic upgrading were also proposed. These findings underscore the potential of modified biochar in pyrolysis and catalytic upgrading for bio-oil with improved quality.
研究领域:
能源与燃料
·
催化化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ENERGY
·
2016
·
IF 4.292
Zi-Qiang Ming,Yun-Quan Liu,Yue-Yuan Ye,Shui-Rong Li,Ying-Ru Zhao,Duo Wang
A new combined method for the pre-extraction of essential oils (EOs) and the uniformly dispersion of alkaline earth metal oxide (AEMO) on pine sawdust (PS) was investigated. EOs were firstly extracted from PS after mixing with a certain amount of AEMO through steam distillation (SD), and then the pretreated PS was utilized in the process of fast pyrolysis to produce the upgraded bio-oil. A maximum extraction yield of EOs was 1.61 wt% from PS mixed with 5 wt% CaO within 300 min, compared with 1.21 wt% from the control (raw PS). The proportion of alcohols in EOs increased significantly when using PS mixed with AEMO. When PS was pretreated by the combined AEMO mixing and SD, the content of hydrocarbons in organic phase of the bio-oil increased significantly while that of acids and C n H m O x decreased. The analysis of physicochemical properties for the bio-oil further demonstrated that the quality of bio-oil was improved based on the new pretreatment method. Furthermore, the maximum bio-oil yield was obtained at pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C in almost all cases.
研究领域:
能源植物学
·
催化化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2022
·
IF 6.449
Haitao Yu,Zhimin Xue,Ruifen Shi,Fengyi Zhou,Tiancheng Mu
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) composed by carboxylic acids and quaternary ammonium salts are potential candidate for lignocellulose dissolution and pretreatment . To both explore the most efficient DESs for lignocellulose dissolution and pretreatment as well as unveil the process mechanism, DESs composed by carboxylic acids as the hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) and quaternary ammonium salts as the hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs) were prepared and further applied for kraft lignin (KL) dissolution as well as poplar and pine pretreatment. We found DES composed by lactic acid (LA) and allyltrimethylammonium chloride (ATMAC) with mole ratio of 2:1 is high-efficient for the dissolution of KL. In addition, 70% poplar lignin and 82% pine lignin could be removed at 120 ℃ for 6 h with a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:10. Furthermore, the -OH and -COOH groups in HBDs of DESs provided active protons to cleave ether bonds and part of carbon-carbon bonds during lignin dissolution and extraction. Additionally, the KL solubility and the Kamlet-Taft (K-T) parameters (α and π * ) of the DESs showed good positive correlation. These findings give a deep insight into the dissolution mechanism of KL and pretreatment of lignocellulose, which is helpful for designing robust DESs for dissolution and pretreatment of lignocellulose.
研究领域:
生物化学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 8.6
Yan Li,Mingjie Chen,Qing-Shan Shi,Xiaobao Xie,Yanzhu Guo
Lignin is a phenolic residue from biomass refinery industries. Biomass fractionation techniques keep emerging because of the pursuit of improved revenues from biomass refineries, which generates lignin structurally different from conventional one, i.e. , the kraft lignin. To understand the impact of emerging biomass fractionation processes on the antioxidant properties of lignin, six lignins were isolated from pine wood, and structurally analyzed with ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, hetereonuclear single quantum coherence nuclear magnetic resonance, 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance, and gel permeation chromatography. The antioxidant activity of isolated lignins was determined by DPPH assay, ABTS assay, superoxide anion radical scavenging assay, and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay. The structure and antioxidant properties of lignin were discussed accordingly. The results of this study would provide solid data guiding the isolation of lignin-based high-performance antioxidants from biomass.
研究领域:
生物化学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
·
2024
·Vol. 99
·期 7
·1626-1636
·
IF 2.8
Haonnan Qiao,Yaqi Feng,Changsen Zhang
Background Catalytic co-pyrolysis of biomass with waste plastics can produce high-quality chemicals, making it a potential alternative to fossil fuels. The production of aromatic-rich oil was achieved in this work by the catalytic co-pyrolysis of pine sawdust and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) using a series of biochar (BC) made using different preparation methods. Zinc chloride (ZnCl 2 ) was employed to activate the BC during the preparation process, owing to its optimal activity for the co-pyrolysis intermediates. The study compared the effects of BCs activated using different treatment methods on the yield and fractions of pine sawdust and LDPE co-pyrolysis in a fast pyrolysis tube furnace at 650 °C. Results The study indicates that the ZnCl 2 BC, prepared from pine sawdust by fast pyrolysis (F-AC), exhibited the best aromatic catalytic activity. The selectivity to aromatic hydrocarbons was 72.53%, and the content of BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) was 32.17%. Conclusion The Diels–Alder reaction and aromatization were made more effective due to the Zn sites and large pore structure in F-AC. Using Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, it was found that F-AC contained more oxygen (O)-containing groups in abundance, which improved its adsorption capacity for reaction intermediates. At the same time, the porous structure and high SSA of BC provided a region for the reaction intermediate to interact with the active center containing O-containing groups. This enhanced the synergy between biomass and plastics and raised the selectivity of aromatic hydrocarbons. It provides a reference for the application of carbon-based materials in the co-pyrolysis of biomass and waste plastics. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
研究领域:
能源与环境科学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）