Meixiang Xue,Shuangxi Cai,Ye Deng,Fang Luo,Jianhui Huang,Zhenyu Lin
T-2 toxin, a hazardous mycotoxin often present in cereals and products based on cereals, poses a substantial risk to humans and animals due to its high toxicity. The development of uncomplicated, quick and highly sensitive methods for detecting T-2 toxin is imperative. In this work, a portable sensing system was constructed using water column height as a readout device in combination with a controlled release system, which allows for an accurate quantitative analysis of T-2 toxin without the need for expensive instrumentation or skilled technicians. Hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel was constructed by double cross-linked DNA/aptamer hybrids with polyethyleneimine (PEI) and embedded with platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs). The aptamer specifically bound to T-2 toxin in its presence, resulting in the disruption of the hydrogel and subsequent release of the Pt NPs. These Pt NPs were later mixed with a solution of H 2 O 2 in a confined reaction flask, leading to the decomposition of H 2 O 2 into O 2 . A glass capillary tube containing a column of red water had been inserted into the cap of the reaction flask, and the low solubility of O 2 led to an increase in pressure within the reaction unit, causing the red water column to rise. There is a good linear correlation between the height of the capillary liquid level and the T-2 toxin concentration in the range of 20 ng/mL to 6 μg/mL. The system has been successfully used to detect T-2 toxin in samples of barley tea and corn.
Superhydrophobic surfaces with a low liquid–solid contact time have huge application prospects in anti-icing, corrosion-resistant, self-cleaning, etc. Significant attempts have been devoted to reducing the contact time through altering the hydrodynamics of the process through which the droplet contacts the superhydrophobic surface. However, these works are rarely considered to be related to the influence of environmental conditions (e.g., the pH of the droplet, salinity of the droplet, droplet viscosity, and supercooled droplet impact). Here, we report various superhydrophobic cone arrays (SCAs) with low droplet impact contact times under various conditions (pH of the droplet, salinity of the droplet, droplet viscosity, droplet temperature, etc.). We demonstrate that the low contact time of the droplet impacting cone-arrays can be optimized via the critical Weber number, pillar-to-pillar spacing, and pillar height (e.g., 11.1, 350 μm, and 300 μm, respectively). The lowest droplet contact time of ~6 ms, which is reduced by more than 60% compared to conventional bouncing, can be achieved. In addition, directional pancake bouncing behaviors can achieve the largest horizontal displacement (85% of the droplet size, ~3 mm) on a tilted SCA with optimal tilt angles. These findings offer insights into the interface effect for controlling wetting that would extend the practical applications, e.g., liquid repellency, anti-corrosion, anti-icing, heat transfer, etc.
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