Fructus Gardeniae (FG) is the dried ripe fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, having beneficial effects for human health. In this study, we discovered that the most relevant pathway influenced by Fructus Gardeniae extract (FGE) is lipid metabolism according to the analysis of network pharmacology. Furthermore, the protective effect of FGE against palmitic acid-induced lipotoxicity was investigated. In L02 cells, FGE significantly promoted cellular proliferation after being treated with palmitic acid , and reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets and triglyceride level . Palmitic acid led to an increase of ROS content, which was reduced by FGE. Additionally, FGE could facilitate Nrf2 localized to nuclear and followed by activating its downstream targets. ML385 (a Nrf2 inhibitor) treatment further proved that FGE attenuated lipotoxicity through regulating Nrf2/ARE pathway. Consequently, we demonstrated for the first time FGE could be regarded as potential functional food materials for hepatic protection.
A new AAPH-Incubating HPLC-DAD-HR MS/MS method was developed for the rapid and high-throughput screening of antioxidants directly in natural products and applied to Gardenia jasminoides fruit. This method was assumed that the peak areas of compounds with potential antioxidant activity in HPLC chromatograms would be significantly reduced or disappeared after incubating with the AAPH which can release ROO at physiological conditions (37 °C, pH 7.4). Additionally, the activity of antioxidants can be evaluated by comparing the peak reduction rates and the screened components can be further identified by HRMS/MS. Then, 17 potential natural antioxidants from the crude extract of GJF was screened. Among them, three major components including crocin I, crocin II and crocetin showed excellent ROO scavenging activity, which were further validated by the ORAC assay. In conclusion, our study provided a simple and effective strategy to rapidly screen antioxidants in natural products.
Yun Wang,Puling Li,Xue Zhang,Lingyun Li,Mengjiao Liu,Xiaoqing Li,Yejia Dai,Cun Zhang,Shaojing Li
The processing method for Chinese traditional herbal medicine is “Pao Zhi” in Chinese. This study examined the efficacy of the Pao Zhi on the preparations of Gardeniae Fructus (GF) on a mitochondrial respiratory function in rats. To determine the efficacy of Pao Zhi, we investigated the effects of GF heat processing on mitochondrial respiratory function. To test the GF components, the rats were randomly divided into a geniposide-alone group, crocin-alone group, and combination groups and treated with geniposide and crocin at different ratios. The results showed that a high dose, raw GF was more effective in improving the neurological function, mitochondrial respiratory function, and activities of Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase than the preparations that underwent heating. Moreover, mitochondrial ROS production was the lowest in the raw GF-treated group. In addition, treatments with crocin and GC3 were more effective than geniposide in improving the functional deficit in MCAO rats. In conclusion, our results suggest that raw GF is the most suitable preparation for the treatment of cerebral ischemia, and its underlying mechanisms may be associated with the improvement of mitochondrial respiratory function, increased activities of Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase, and reduced oxidative stress in mitochondria. Our findings suggest that raw GF, especially crocin, could be an ideal therapeutic agent for ischemic stroke.
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