JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY
·
2019
·Vol. 167
·期 10
·553-557
·
IF 1.097
Xiaoyu Liang,Yun Peng,Yanchao Liu,Meng Wang,Ye Yang,Yu Zhang
The rubber tree ( Hevea brasiliensis ) is the only resource for commercial natural rubber production and thus has economic importance in Southeast Asia. A spot disease on the leaves of a rubber tree was first discovered in 2017 in Hainan, China. In this study, the fungal isolate MA1 from the infected tissues was determined to be a pathogen of the spot disease by satisfying Koch's postulates. The isolate MA1 was identified as Bipolaris bicolor based on the morphological characteristics and multigene phylogenetic analysis. Among fungicides, prochloraz, iprodione and pyraclostrobin significantly inhibited hyphal growth of B. bicolor under in vitro conditions. This study constitutes the first report on the association of B. bicolor with leaf spot disease of rubber trees worldwide.
研究领域:
植物病理学
·
真菌学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY
·
2024
·Vol. 25
·期 11
·e70030
·
IF 4.8
Jinyao Yin,Xiao Li,Linpeng Dong,Xuehuan Zhu,Yalong Chen,Wenyuan Zhao,Yuhan Liu,Jiaxin Shan,Wenbo Liu,Chunhua Lin,Weiguo Miao
Obligate biotrophic powdery mildew fungi infect a wide range of economically important plants. These fungi often deliver effector proteins into the host tissues to suppress plant immunity and sustain infection. The phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) is one of the most important signals that activate plant immunity against pathogens. However, how powdery mildew effectors interact with host SA signalling is poorly understood. Isochorismatase (ISC) effectors from two other filamentous pathogens have been found to inhibit host SA biosynthesis by hydrolysing isochorismate, the main SA precursor in the plant cytosol. Here, we identified an ISC effector, named EqIsc1, from the rubber tree powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe quercicola . In ISC enzyme assays, EqIsc1 displayed ISC activity by transferring isochorismate to 2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxybenzoate in vitro and in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants. In EqIsc1-expressing transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana , SA biosynthesis and SA-mediated immune response were significantly inhibited. In addition, we developed an electroporation-mediated transformation method for the genetic manipulation of E. quercicola . Inoculation of rubber tree leaves with EqIsc1 -silenced E. quercicola strain induced SA-mediated immunity. We also detected the translocation of EqIsc1 into the plant cytosol during the interaction between E. quercicola and its host. Taken together, our results suggest that a powdery mildew effector functions as an ISC enzyme to hydrolyse isochorismate in the host cytosol, altering the SA biosynthesis and immune response.
研究领域:
植物病理学
·
分子生物学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
EcoMat
·
2023
·Vol. 5
·期 11
·e12405
·
IF 14.6
Zhongxuan Wu,Yan Zhan,Shuaiming He,Panpan Yue,Guanghui Song,Jun Rao,Ziwen Lv,Bo Jiang,Baozhong Lü,Gegu Chen,Feng Peng
The commercial plywood is mainly made of high-value wood veneer and formaldehyde-based adhesives, which pose a major risk to human health and environmental protection. Here, we report an all-natural plywood made of self-adhesive bark veneer directly from hardy rubber trees (HRT) via delignification, epoxidation reaction and densification. The resulting bark veneer is demonstrated with sandwich structures featuring natural integration between cellulose and biopolymer Eucommia ulmoides gum (EUG). The intrinsic EUG act as a potential strong “self-adhesive” and water-proofing agent, leading to bark veneer with high hardness, excellent hydrophobicity, wear resistance, and low thermal conductivity. Furthermore, we can produce the self-adhesive plywood on a large scale directly from HRT bark using this approach without any adhesives, endowing it with environmental friendliness, safety in use, and health benefits of human beings. Combining its efficient and low-cost production, the bark veneer shows great promise in fabricating high-performance and environmentally sustainable plywood.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
林业工程
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Phytopathology Research
·
2025
·Vol. 7
·期 1
·1-18
·
IF 3.5
Shan Jiaxin,Su Fan,Yin Jinyao,Liu Yuhan,Zhu Xuehuan,Zuo Minghao,Liu Wenbo,Lin Chunhua,Li Xiao,Miao Weiguo
Phytopathogens secrete effector proteins that disrupt plant immunity. Phytohormones, such as ethylene, function as immune signals that regulate plant responses to phytopathogens. However, the mechanisms by which powdery mildew fungi utilize effectors to manipulate ethylene signaling remain poorly understood. This study reports that Eae1, an effector from the powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe quercicola , can reduce ethylene levels and attenuate the immune response in rubber trees ( Hevea brasiliensis ), thereby promoting fungus infection. Notably, Eae1 shares homologs with effectors from other powdery mildew fungi. Our findings indicate that the Eae1 transcription can be induced by enhanced ethylene signaling. Eae1 is translocated to plant chloroplasts, where it destabilizes Hevea brasiliensis S-adenosyl-L-methionine synthetase, a key enzyme in ethylene biosynthesis, leading to reduced ethylene production. The chloroplast-localized protein Toc159/AIG1 (AIG1) may facilitate this interaction. Overall, our study reveals a mechanism by which powdery mildew fungi disrupt ethylene-mediated resistance in host plants.
研究领域:
植物病理学
·
分子植物-微生物互作
·
植物激素信号
·
微生物效应子生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
·
2022
·
IF 3.595
Yuwen Guo,Kexu Bao,Dongli Han,Xiaohui Wu,Shuangbing Li,Yiyang Dong,Jichuan Zhang
A convenient and nonradioactive method for quantifying in vitro NR biosynthesis is presented that is based upon the quantitation of substrate depletion by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). NR oligomers could be in vitro biosynthesized with the enzyme source from Hevea brasiliensis ( Hevea ) or Taraxacum kok-saghyz ( TKS ) by exogenous monomers (IPP) and initiators (FPP). The IPP incorporation rate and FPP consumption rate were 62.24% and 51.14% respectively when the washed rubber particles (WRP) of Hevea was the enzyme source. The IPP incorporation rate and the FPP consumption rate were 74.49% and 95.90% respectively when the sediment bottom fraction (BF) of Hevea was the enzyme source. The in vitro NR biosynthesis can be divided into two stages:(1) the initiation reaction of FPP, which occurs more in BF, and (2) the growth reaction of IPP, which occurs more in WRP. In addition, the IPP incorporation and FPP consumption rates were 59.39% and 34.15% respectively when the BF of TKS was selected as an enzyme source.
研究领域:
生物化学
·
植物科学
·
分析化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2024
·
IF 8.5
Lian Jiang,Yongli Tian,Haide Zhang,Shisheng Liu
The high temperature induces conformational changes in β-glucosidase, making it inactive and limiting its application field. In this paper, the effect of trehalose on the thermostability of β-glucosidase from low-moisture Hevea brasiliensis seeds was investigated. The results showed that the residual enzyme activities of β-glucosidase supplemented with trehalose after high-temperature treatment were significantly higher than that of the control group. The improvement of thermostability could be explained by low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations at the molecular level. Moreover, adding trehalose increased the water activity and water content of β-glucosidase, leading to a more stable conformation. Trehalose replaced some water and formed a stable network of hydrogen bonds with protein and surrounding water. The glass formed by trehalose also reduced molecular movement, thus providing good protection for enzymes.
研究领域:
酶学
·
生物化学
·
生物物理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2023
·
IF 5.9
Yuwen Guo,Kexu Bao,Xiaohui Wu,Dongli Han,Jichuan Zhang
Natural rubber particles (NRPs) are the main place of natural rubber biosynthesis and storage which exist as the organelle in the latex tube cells of rubber trees . Here, we observed the aggregation process from the morphology of rubber particles and correlated the aggregate structure with the mechanical properties. The rubber particle sizes were first examined by optical microscopy, and the distribution showed a Gaussian curve with an average diameter of 1200 nm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was then used to photograph the smaller particles, which supported a Gaussian distribution for NRPs smaller than 200 nm in diameter. They collectively indicated a bimodal distribution of NRP size, consistent with the results of the laser particle size analyzer. The percentage of the small rubber particles was measured to be 68.3 % and 31.7 % for the large rubber particles. The aggregation process of NRPs was observed as membrane fusion , superimposed aggregation, followed by the concavity of the inner core from the outside, and finally the formation of aggregated state rubber. Subsequently, the natural rubber latex films were obtained by spreading the latex at room temperature. The green strength was tested in its naturally dried stacked aggregated state, reaching a notable strength of 8 MPa. This was about 7 times higher than that of the ribbed smoked sheet (RSS). In contrast, when the naturally dried rubber film was processed by high-temperature molding and low-temperature setting, its green strength dropped to the level of the RSS. It thus supports that the processing methods, such as high temperature and shearing , could significantly impact the structure and performance of natural rubber (NR). Consequently, excellent performance of elastomeric materials might be reached under low-temperature drying and normal-temperature vulcanization processing methods.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
聚合物科学
·
生物材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）