INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2025
·
IF 6.2
Jiye Teng,Tao Zhang,Hongbo Zhao,Peiling Zhang,Zhengzhe Wu,Zhiwei Chang,Ming Li,Chenjie Zhu
Developing lignin-based fillers for reinforcing rubber materials has been recently spotlighted. This work modified lignin via a simple amination and a silylation reaction in a one-pot two-step manner. The molecular structure of aminated lignin (LN) was verified using 2D-HSQC, XPS and elemental analysis. The following silylation on LN results in dual-functionalized lignin (LNSi). LN and LNSi show improved hydrophobicity, reduced Hansen solubility parameters and morphology of nanoparticles (<50 nm). Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) composites containing 40 phr of fillers were prepared through latex compounding. SBR-LNSi presents comparable tensile strength to the references with carbon black and silica, and enhanced hardness. These remarkable mechanical performances correlate with its high dispersity and affinity with SBR matrix, and the improved rigidity and structuredness due to the self-condensation of silanol groups. This study provides a proof-of-concept for designing lignin-derived fillers with superior reinforcing effect on rubber materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER
·
2022
·
IF 4.432
Simin He,Fuquan Zhang,Shuo Liu,Haipeng Cui,Song Chen,Wenfeng Peng,Guojing Chen,Xiaoxue Liao,Lusheng Liao
The structures and properties of natural rubber (NR) obtained from latex with small and large rubber particles (SRP and LRP) are obviously different, while carbon black (CB)/SRP or CB/LRP composites have rarely been reported. In this work, SRP and LRP are separated from natural rubber latex (NRL). The properties of obtained NR/CB composites are systematically investigated as a function of SRP and LRP mass ratios. It shows that the nitrogen content of SRP (1.32%) is much higher than that of LRP (0.10%). Mechanical properties increase with the increase of LRP content because plenty of agglomerates exist in SRP/CB composite whereas LRP/CB composite shows a homogeneous dispersion. Furthermore, a possible model is proposed to illustrate the transformations of agglomerates during stretching and dynamic compressing process. This study provides a new perspective for the design of NR materials through the selection of rubber particles in NRL.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
聚合物科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Polymers
·
2020
·Vol. 12
·期 12
·2880
·
IF 3.426
Huifeng Zhang,Lu Zhang,Xu Chen,Yueqiong Wang,Fuchun Zhao,Mingchao Luo,Shuangquan Liao
Though the non-rubber components have long been recognized to be a vital factor affecting the network of natural rubber (NR), the authentic role of non-rubber components on the network during accelerated storage has not been fully illuminated. This work attempts to clarify the impact of non-rubber components on the network for NR during accelerated storage. A natural network model for NR was proposed based on the gel content, crosslinking density, and the non-rubber components distribution for NR before and after centrifugation. Furthermore, the effect of non-rubber components on the network was investigated during accelerated storage. The results show that terminal crosslinking induced by non-rubber components and entanglements are primary factors affecting the network formation during accelerated storage. By applying the tube model to analyze the stress-strain curves of NR, we found that the contribution of the entanglements to the network formation is larger than that of terminal crosslinking during accelerated storage. The work highlights the role of non-rubber components on the network during accelerated storage, which is essential for understanding the storage hardening mechanism of NR.Keywords:natural rubber;non-rubber components;network;storage hardening
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2020
·
IF 8.758
Yan-Chan Wei,Gui-Xiang Liu,Ling Zhang,Wen-Zhe Xu,Shuangquan Liao,Ming-Chao Luo
Mechanical strength and toughness are usually mutually exclusive, but they can both appear in natural rubber (NR). Previous studies ascribe such excellent properties to highly cis stereoregularity of NR. To our surprise, after the removal of non-rubber components (NRC) by centrifugation, the strength and toughness of NR decrease dramatically. It is still a challenge for us to make out for the problem of how NRC affect the properties of NR. Our group ascribes the superior mechanical robustness of NR to NRC. To further verify such a viewpoint, we add phospholipids (phosphatidylcholines) into NR without NRC. Phosphatidylcholines construct a sacrificial network, which ruptures preferentially upon deformation to dissipate energy. Moreover, some of phosphatidylcholines participate in the vulcanization reaction, which further improves the mechanical strength and energy dissipation. As a result, the mechanical strength and toughness of samples are as high as 21.1 MPa and 49.6 kJ/m2, respectively, which have reached the same level as that of NR. Therefore, this work not only imitates the excellent mechanical robustness of NR but also further provides a rational design for elastomers with excellent mechanical robustness.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2025
·
IF 6.2
Yuwen Guo,Dongren Han,Xuefa Tian,Dongli Ma,Xiaohui Wu,Dongli Han,Ning Yang,Jichuan Zhang
Natural rubber (NR), a natural polymer material, is widely used because of its great properties and supramolecule network aggregation structure. The non-rubber components (NRCs) in NR are very important to the structure and properties. They participate in the construction of the NR structure and make linear molecular chains transfer to the network structure. In this paper, from the horizontal dimension, the composition of various kinds of NR from different locations in China along with Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia was analyzed. It found that the Hevea brasiliensis itself, latex treatment mode, and other factors had different influences on the content of NRCs. From the longitudinal dimension, the content of free or binding proteins, phospholipids, and metal ions connected to the rubber molecular chains was quantitatively determined. In all kinds of NR, it contains on average 0.44 wt% binding proteins, 1.98 wt% binding phospholipids, 0.03 binding metal ions, 0.65 wt% other substances, and 96.90 wt% cis -1,4-polyisoprene in the NR molecular chains. At the same time, the role of NRCs in forming the aggregation structure of NR was analyzed. The molecular weight and gel content were used to evaluate the network structure of NR. It was found that phospholipid contributed more to the network structure of NR than protein. Quantitative analysis of the components of NR, coupled with the establishment of structural models, is of paramount importance for elucidating the intricate interactions between these components and rubber molecules. This understanding is crucial for deciphering the holistic performance of rubber materials and holds significant implications for the enhancement of their properties and the development of novel rubber products. Such an approach provides a scientific basis for the design of materials with a natural - rubber - like network structure in the industry.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
生物化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Polymers
·
2023
·Vol. 15
·期 3
·547
·
IF 5
Piyawadee Luangchuang,Kunakorn Chumnum,Ekwipoo Kalkornsurapranee,Yeampon Nakaramontri
Flexible self-healing composite was fabricated based on blending the bromobutyl rubber (BIIR) and epoxide natural rubber (ENR) filled with hybrid fillers of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and carbon black (CB). To achieve self-recoverability, modification of BIIR was carried out through butyl imidazole (IM), and the healing capability was then activated by the addition of bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide (TESPT), which resulted in good dispersion of CNT/CB in BIIR/ENR blends. The silanization of TESPT and CNT/CB hybrid filler surfaces was confirmed by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Adding CNT/CB and incorporating TESPT into the composites effectively improved the curing and mechanical properties of the blends in terms of estimated crosslink density and tensile modulus. Further, the self-healing propagation rate was enhanced by the thermal conductivity of fillers and the ion–dipole intermolecular forces between the rubber chains, leading to the highest abrasion resistance and electrical conductivity. Using an environmentally friendly process, the recyclability of the self-healing composites was improved by the re-compression of the samples. With this, the constant conductivity relating to the rearrangement of the CNT/CB network is examined related to the usability of the composites at 0 and 60 °C. The conductive composites filled with a TESPT silane coupling agent present an opportunity for vehicle tires and other self-repairing applications.Keywords:natural rubber;self-healing;silane coupling agent;butyl rubber;tire application
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ACS Omega
·
2024
·
IF 3.7
Yang Han,Hongbing Zheng,Yingxue Liu,Min Wang,Jiadong Wang,Qing Xie,Shuailin Jing,Xuan Qin,Liqun Zhang
Shock-absorbing materials play a vital role in various industrial sectors, including construction and transportation. Among these materials, natural rubber (NR) stands out due to its exceptional elastic and mechanical properties, coupled with its robust crack resistance. Nevertheless, with the rising demand for enhanced damping capacities, there is a need to further optimize the damping performance of NR. One direct approach is to blend it with high-damping rubber. Butyl rubber (IIR) is a prominent member of the high-damping rubber category. Integrating IIR effectively with the NR, however, presents challenges. These challenges arise from IIR’s inherent characteristics, such as its low unsaturation, slower vulcanization rate, and restricted compatibility with NR. Addressing these challenges, our study employed isoprene and isobutene to synthesize a variant of butyl rubber with a higher degree of unsaturation─achieving an unsaturation level between 4 and 6 mol %. Notably, this heightened unsaturation significantly expedited the curing time of IIR and facilitated the concurrent vulcanization of both IIR and NR. Utilizing atomic force microscopy, we observed that the introduction of unsaturated double bonds ameliorated the compatibility between NR and IIR, leading to an interfacial region extending up to 1000 nm. Our tests using a dynamic mechanical analyzer and rubber processing analyzer demonstrated the material’s damping temperature range. Furthermore, there was a noticeable rise in the loss factor (tan δ) at ambient temperature, which remains over 0.1 across both a frequency window of 0.2 to 5 Hz and a strain spectrum of 10 to 200%. This tan δ enhancement ensured the potential of these rubber composites for shock-absorbing applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
COLLOID AND POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2020
·Vol. 298
·期 9
·1263-1271
·
IF 1.536
Wei Yan-Chan,Xia Jie-Hui,Zhang Ling,Zheng Ting-Ting,Liao Shuangquan
Dipping product of natural rubber (NR) latex has superior comprehensive properties superior to those made from synthetic latex. Compared with synthetic latex, the component characteristics of NR show the existence of non-rubber components (NRC). In this paper, NRC, mainly proteins and phospholipids, are separately removed by enzyme treatment to study their effect on the film formation behavior of natural rubber latex. The changes of NR latex particles are in situ visualize by using freeze-drying SEM technology and AFM during the film formation process. The results demonstrate that contact, deformation, and coalescence of latex particles occur more readily after the removal of proteins and phospholipids. It shows that removing NRC can quicken NR film formation. However, the mechanical properties of the NR film decrease in the absence of NRC. Based on the research, a film formation mechanism for NR latex is proposed, which can provide a more insightful understanding toward the structure-property relationship of NR film.
Graphical abstract
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2019
·
IF 8.355
Hanyang Gao,Haijun Liu,Chengzhi Song,Guoxin Hu
In recent years, graphene has become the most popular conductive filler in conductive polymers which can be used in many practical applications. A proper selection of the mixing method is the decisive factor to maximize the excellent conductivity of graphene in a polymer matrix. In this work, ultrasound-assisted supercritical CO 2 (scCO 2 ) method was used for the first time to prepare graphene infiltrated conductive natural rubber (NR). Many interesting phenomena were discovered. First, it was found that NR was fully swollen after an ultrasound-assisted scCO 2 penetration and a following rapid decompression process. The degree of expansion of NR in scCO 2 was even larger than in toluene. Secondly, ultrasound-assisted scCO 2 method coupled with a rapid decompression process successfully inserted graphene particles in the swollen NR to prepare conductive NR/graphene materials. The impacts of the decompression method, vulcanization degree, and ultrasonication duration on graphene infusion were studied and analyzed. Under an optimal condition, the surface conductivity of as-prepared unvulcanized graphene/NR film or vulcanized film with a low graphene loading fraction (0.34 vol%) could reach to 0.2 S/m or 0.02 S/m, respectively, taking a leading position in the reported graphene/NR composites. Our conductive NR was shown to be satisfactory as a strain sensor for the measurement of fine movements of human body such as heartbeat, finger bending, and vocalization. Since only scCO 2 , one of the most environmentally benign solvents, was used in the whole process, this routine is not only efficient but also environmentally friendly. We believe this method is versatile and can be applied to many other polymers that can be swollen in scCO 2 .
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
MATERIALS LETTERS
·
2012
·
IF 2.307
Chun Li,Yuan Liu,Qiu-Yuan Zeng,Ning-Jian Ao
Natural rubber was commonly endowed with antimicrobial activity by adding low molecular weight biocidal agents . Herein we report a new antimicrobial rubber prepared by chemical modification. Quaternary phosphonium salt (QPs) groups were covalently immobilized onto the molecular chains of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) using halogenated acid as an intermediary. The structures of modified rubbers were confirmed while the antimicrobial activity of QP modified ENR was investigated. Results show that the ring-opening ENR and the QP modified ENR are successfully prepared. The proliferation of microorganisms tested can be effectively inhibited by using QP modified ENR. Meanwhile, the modified ENR illustrates better antimicrobial activity toward Gram-negative E. coli than Gram-positive S. aureus . This method can provide potential applications in preparing permanent antimicrobial rubbers.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
E-POLYMERS
·
2021
·Vol. 21
·期 1
·420-427
·
IF 2.025
Benxiang Hu,Yuanbing Zhou,Ming-Chao Luo,Yan-Chan Wei,Gui-Xiang Liu,Shuangquan Liao,Yanfang Zhao
Nonrubber components (NRCs) play an important role in the outstanding mechanical property of natural rubber (NR). The main inositol component of NRCs in natural rubber latex (NRL) is l -quebrachitol. In this study, the influence of l -quebrachitol on the properties of centrifuged natural rubber (CNR) was investigated. The NRL was centrifuged twice to remove most of the NRCs. After that, l -quebrachitol was added in the latex with per hundreds of rubber (phr) vary from 0% to 0.8%, and the vulcanized CNR were prepared. It is shown that the properties of vulcanized CNR were greatly changed, with T
90 reduced from 19 to 15 min, the tensile strength increased from 5 to 9 MPa, T
g reduced by about 2°C, and the ability for strain-induced crystallization was enhanced. It was proved by FTIR results that l -quebrachitol was linked to the CNR crosslinking network with ester bond.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER COMPOSITES
·
2024
·
IF 4.8
Jiawei Yang,Feifei Wang,Chaobo Liang,Shaofeng Zhou,Jin Huang,Guizhe Zhao,Yaqing Liu
Carbon black (CB) with different structural parameters together with graphene oxide were formed into uniformly dispersed filler network for enhancing the abrasion resistance of natural rubber/cis-1,4-polybutadiene rubber/trans-1,4-poly(isoprene-butadiene) rubber blended composites. It showed that the CB structural parameters, such as specific surface area, surface activity and structural degree affected the formation of bound rubber. With the increase of bound rubber content, the homogeneity of filler network structure was improved and the filler-rubber interaction was enhanced, resulting in a remarkable increase in the mechanical properties, thermal performance and abrasion resistance of the composites. Among the different types of CB, the composites filled with high-structural-degree CB of N134 had DIN wear volume as low as 76 mm 3 and exhibited 19.5% higher abrasion resistance than N330. Wear surface observations and wear mechanism analyses showed that the increase in abrasion resistance was related to the improvement in tear resistance, hardness and thermal properties of the composites. Multiple linear regression analyses yielded that the structural degree in the structural parameters of CB had a significant correlation effect on the formation of bound rubber, and there was a strong linear relationship between the abrasion resistance of the composites and the content of bound rubber. Highlights Trans-1,4-poly(isoprene-butadiene) rubber as compatibilizer for NR/BR blends. Synergistic enhancement of rubber using carbon black and graphene oxide. Carbon black with high structural degree promotes the formation of bound rubber. Described correlation between CB structural parameters and abrasion resistance of rubber.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）