FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
·
2021
·
IF 7.033
Shisheng Liang,Yucui Hou,Weize Wu,He Li,Zhuosen He,Shuhang Ren
Direct coal liquefaction (DCL) is an important way of coal conversion and is important to the global energy industry. In this paper, a typical liquefied coal–Naomaohu coal (NMHC)–was liquefied under mild conditions (400 °C, initial H 2 pressure of 3 MPa), and a NMHC conversion of 90.6% was obtained with an oil+gas yield of 65.1%. In the DCL process , the solid particles of coal and its residues are not only reactants but also carriers of catalysts of DCL. To study the structural characteristics of these residues, the reaction mixture was extracted with n-hexane and tetrahydrofuran (THF), separately, yielding n-hexane insoluble residues (Re HEIS ) and THF insoluble residues (Re THFIS ). Several patterns of the reaction progresses were identified. First, the particle sizes of Re HEIS and Re THFIS have a decreasing trend, and the particle surface becomes loose and porous while raw coal has a relatively flat surface. Second, most of the aliphatic structure and some small aromatic compounds can gradually split off from coal skeleton structure, and the condensation degree of aromatic clusters in residues increases with the aromatic condensation degree of Re THFIS being higher than that of Re HEIS . Third, the contents of carbonyl carbon and oxygen-attached carbon decrease while methylene chain and side chain of aromatic clusters are broken. Lastly, the aromatic structure of Re THFIS becomes regular, and the graphitization degree increases, while the pyrolysis rate slows down. These results of element analysis show that the H/C of Re HEIS is larger than that of Re THFIS , which implies that preasphaltene and asphaltene are relatively rich in hydrogen.
研究领域:
煤炭化学
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能源转化
·
化工工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
·
2018
·
IF 3.115
Hongyan Ma,Qi Huang,Wenshan Qu,Linyuan Li,Min Wang,Shao Li,Fujiang Chu
Ethnopharmacological relevance The dried roots of Sophora flavescens Ait. (Leguminosae) is traditionally used as antipyretic medicine to reduce inflammation. It is well known that alkaloids and flavonoids are the main constituents of S. flavescens . However, the clinical researches and applications of S. flavescens is mainly based on its water-extracted alkaloids, its flavonoids may still remain in residues and have been underused. With development and manufacturing of S. flavescens in recent years, more herb residues are being produced. Since they are typically treated as waste and dumped openly in landfill sites, which can cause pollution, there is a great need to explore these wastes as recyclable resources and increase their added value. To date, whether other bioactive components would be found in the residues of S. flavescens is still unknown. If the extraction method of these active ingredients was established, the residues of S. flavescens could be turned from the harm to a benefit and make great sense of the comprehensive utilization of S. flavescens resources. This study aimed to establish an extraction method of the residues of S. flavescens and investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of it both in vivo and in vitro . Materials and methods Dried S. flavescens were decocted with distilled water firstly, then the residues were powdered and extracted with ethyl acetate by using ultrasonic wave. HPLC was utilized to analyze the chemical constituents of the water extracts of S. flavescens (WSF) and the ethyl acetate extracts of residues of S. flavescens (RSF). In vivo , the anti-inflammatory effect of WSF and RSF were evaluated using the xylene-induced auricle edema, acetic acid-induced peritoneal permeability and carrageenan-induced hind paw edema methods. In vitro, the inhibitory activities of WSF and RSF on NO, TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1 production of LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells were measured. Results The major ingredients of RSF were flavonoids, while WSF almost had no flavonoids. In vivo , WSF and RSF (200 mg/kg) could significantly inhibit the edema in the xylene-induced mice auricle edema and carrageenan-induced hind paw edema as well as the peritoneal permeability increased by acetic acid. They can also lower production levels of PGE 2 in inflamed paw tissues. In vitro experimental results showed that RSF (25-100 μg/mL) could significantly inhibit the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines NO, TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1 on LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. The in vitro suppress effect of WSF had no dose-response relationship. Conclusions The residues of S. flavescens had obvious flavonoids with anti-inflammatory activity. This study provided evidence for the reuse of residues from S. flavescens in the food additive , medicine and cosmetic industries.
研究领域:
药理学
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民族药理学
·
化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of Cleaner Production
·
2021
·
IF 9.297
Yun Li,Haotian Xue,Pekka Taskinen,Ari Jokilaakso,Chaobo Tang,Wei Jin,Minna Rämä,Yongming Chen,Shenghai Yang
In view of the issues of low efficiency and environmental pollution existing in current antimony production, this work proposes an innovative and cleaner process to extract antimony from stibnite concentrate and co-treat goethite residues. The mechanisms of antimony extraction and zinc, iron, sulfur conservation was thermodynamically and experimentally investigated. The results show that iron- and zinc-bearing components in the goethite residue firstly reacted and releasing Fe x O y and ZnO, then stibnite (Sb 2 S 3 ) quickly converted to senarmontite (Sb 2 O 3 ) in the presence of Fe x O y and ZnO. Intermediate Sb 2 O 3 was subsequently reduced to metallic Sb. Bench-scale experiments of antimony extraction from stibnite concentrate with goethite residue as sulfur-fixing agent validated that 85.7% of Sb was directly recovered as crude antimony bullion, only around 7.4% antimony volatilized to fume. Pb, As, Au, and Ag tended to also be co-enriched in the bullion. 97.4% of sulfur, 88.8% of zinc and 86.1% of iron were recovered and fixed simultaneously. Sulfur in Sb 2 S 3 , iron and zinc contained in goethite residues was conserved in matte as marketable Fe 2 Zn 3 S 5 , FeS, and ZnS, instead of forming gaseous SO 2 . This novel process is a promising recycling and co-treatment alternative for various secondary iron- and zinc-containing materials.
研究领域:
冶金学
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环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
·
2022
·
IF 7.968
Ge Zhang,Huifen Yang,Tong Zhao,Xuan Li,Yichen Zhou,Song Guo
The thermal adsorption residue (TDR) from oil sludge co-contaminated soil was employed to remove As(III), Zn(II), Cu(II), Cd(II) in aqueous solution. The results showed that the TDR could efficiently neutralize the acid and adapt to the extensive pH. The adsorption of four heavy metals on TDR could be divided into three stages. The maximum adsorption capacity were 86.59, 249.07, 339.88, 322.86 mg·g −1 for As(III), Zn(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), respectively. The coexistence of Zn(II)/Cu(II)/Cd(II) could promote As(III) removal but As(III) led to decreasing of Zn(II)/Cu(II)/Cd(II) adsorption capacity in binary system. There was a significant competitive adsorption on TDR among the three cations which followed the selectivity sequence of Cu(II)>Zn(II)>Cd(II). The SEM-EDS, XRD, FTIR and XPS analyses demonstrated that the As(III) was removed via formation of Ca-As precipitation, and the Zn(II), Cu(II), Cd(II) were removed through precipitating as hydroxides/carbonates/silicates combining with ion exchange. Specially, the Cu(II) mainly precipitated in the form of Cu 4 (SO 4 )(OH) 6 ⋅2H 2 O and Cu 4 (OH) 6 SO 4 under sulfuric acid solution environment. Overall, this study indicates the potential of TDR as a cost-effective adsorbent in acid heavy metals contaminated wastewater treatment .
研究领域:
环境科学
·
土壤修复
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2025
·
IF 6.2
Majid Ali Mangi,Benwang Li,Peigao Duan,Changqing Cao
In this study, a green and effective method for the production of acetic acid from crop residues via a two-step process (hydrolysis followed by oxidation) in subcritical water was proposed. For the first step, CO 2 is used to catalyze the hydrolysis of crop residues to obtain intermediates. Next, the intermediates were oxidized in the presence of O 2 to obtain acetic acid. The effects of crop residue type on the yield of acetic acid were first studied. Among all the crop residues selected, the corn cobs provided the highest acetic acid yield, which reached 16.70 wt% at 270 °C for 20 min; 0.11 mol CO 2 /corn cob (g) was added for the first step, and 250 °C was added for 50 min, with 0.15 mol O 2 /corn cob (g) added for the second step. By employing corn cobs as feedstock, the effects of the corn cob/water mass ratio, temperature, time, and CO 2 loading in the first step and the effects of temperature, time, and O 2 loading in the second step on the yield of acetic acid were examined. Among all the parameters examined, the corn cob/water mass ratio had the greatest influence on the acetic acid yield. The highest acetic acid yield of 25.80 wt% was obtained at a corn cob/water mass ratio of 0.0016:1. Under fixed reaction conditions, recycling the product mixture can increase the concentration of acetic acid in the final product and reduce the cost of subsequent separation and purification.
研究领域:
化学工程
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可再生能源
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Catalysts
·
2022
·Vol. 12
·期 8
·926
·
IF 4.501
Chunling Wu,Linge Ma,Yufei Zhu,Xuqiang Guo,Yongli Wu,Zhen Wu,Xian Zhang,Lihua Hou
In this paper, the extraction residue of direct coal liquefaction residue-DCLR(ER)was used as raw material. The high-temperature reaction mechanism of Mo compound in DCLR(ER)was investigated using a synchronous thermal analyzer and the Factsage database. The high temperature reaction of DCLR(ER)-MoO3in an oxygen atmosphere consists of pyrolysis of organic components at 400–600 °C, molybdenum trioxide sublimation at 747–1200 °C, and a stable stage at 600–747 °C. The thermal reaction process of the DCLR(ER)-MoS2system in the oxygen atmosphere involves the pyrolysis of unreacted coal and asphaltene, the oxidation of molybdenum sulfide at 349–606/666 °C, the diffusion of MoO3at 606/666–85 °C, and the sublimation reaction process of MoO3at 854–1200 °C. The results show that the lower heating rate can promote the oxidation of the Mo compound and the sublimation of molybdenum trioxide. On the other hand, the oxides of aluminum, calcium, and iron in DCLR(ER)can inhibit the oxidative pyrolysis efficiency of the DCLR(ER)-MoS2system.Keywords:direct coal liquefaction residue;molybdenum;high temperature;reaction mechanism
研究领域:
化学工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
·
2016
·Vol. 13
·期 10
·2449-2458
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IF 2.344
Shang J. G.,Kong X. R.,He L. L.,Li W. H.,Liao Q. J. H.
Thermally carbonization biochar produced from a traditional Chinese herbal medicine waste ( Astragalus mongholicus residue) was investigated for its performance in ciprofloxacin adsorption. Batch sorption experiments were conducted, and scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analyses were employed to characterize the biochar. The results demonstrated that thermal activation process improves the adsorbent characteristics. Biochar produced at 800 °C had the best adsorption capacity, a better pore structure and the largest surface areas. The adsorption process fit well to a pseudo-second-order kinetics model. The adsorption isothermal model results revealed that the adsorption process of ciprofloxacin is described better by the Freundlich isotherm and the type of adsorption is a chemical process. The maximum adsorption of ciprofloxacin occurred at pH 7. The present research demonstrated that A. mongholicus biochar might be an attractive and cost-effective adsorbent with good adsorption performance for removing ciprofloxacin from water solution.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
药用植物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
·
2022
·
IF 8.129
Hao Bi,Zhiwei Wang,Hao Zhan,Lijian Leng,Zhiyong Zeng,Xinming Wang,Huacai Liu,Xiuli Yin,Chuangzhi Wu
Chinese herbal residue (CHR) is an association of renewable resource and hazardous waste , and high nitrogen content and low energy density are two primary obstacles to its efficient and clean thermal utilization. In this paper, acid-promoted hydrothermal was employed to probe the feasibility on CHR toward enhanced solid biofuel concerning upgradation and denitrogenation. A more excellent hydrothermal promoter (H 2 SO 4 ) was demonstrated to upgrade and denitrogenate CHR with better energy (1.125) and nitrogen densities (0.586) at optimal conditions (160 °C, 0.5 N H 2 SO 4 ), which could be attributed to the improved removal of oxygen, amino and ash during acid-promoted hydrothermal. Compared to raw feedstock or the conventional hydrochar , the acid-promoted hydrochar had enhanced compositional characteristics with higher heating value (21.00 kJ·mol −1 ), lower nitrogen (1.44 wt%) and ash (11.03 wt%) contents, thus showing more stable combustion flame with a higher comprehensive combustion index of 4.861 × 10 −8 , a higher combustion stability index of 4979.342, lower combustion alkali index of 0.026, and less nitrogen gaseous pollutant emission. Thus, acid-promoted hydrothermal would be a promising way to convert CHR into much cleaner and higher-grade solid biofuel.
研究领域:
能源与环境科学
·
生物质能工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Metals
·
2023
·Vol. 13
·期 2
·250
·
IF 2.9
Hui Ge,Zhigang Pan,Feng Xie,Diankun Lu,Wei Wang,Shulin Wu
The jarosite residue is a harmful byproduct of the zinc hydrometallurgical process and has been classified as hazardous waste due to its high content of heavy metals and poor stability. In this work, the recovery of valuable metals by synergistic disposal of jarosite residue with cement kiln has been investigated. A series of investigations were undertaken to assess the effect of amount of jarosite residue, roasting time, and the addition of CaCl2on phase transformation and migration of valuable elements in the cement clinker. When 25% of jarosite residue was added to the raw cement materials and roasted at 1400 °C for 30 min, the silicate content in the cement clinker reached 54.4%. In the presence of CaCl2as the mineralizer, the volatilization rates of Pb and Zn were 93% and 75%, respectively. The results indicated that jarosite residue can be used as the cement additive and valuable metals of Pb and Zn can be recovered simultaneously during the roasting process.Keywords:jarosite residue;cement;Pb and Zn;synergistic roasting
研究领域:
环境科学
·
冶金工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2024
·
IF 12.2
Gao Feiyue,Zhou Chuncai,Cao Yachuan,Yu Yue,Li Yunfei,Liu Guijian
As a highly toxic rare metal, the removal of thallium (Tl) from wastewater has been widely investigated, and adsorption is considered one of the most promising treatment technologies for Tl-containing contaminated water because of its cost-effectiveness, convenience, and high efficacy. In this work, coal tar residue (CTR)-based porous carbon was synthesized through K 2 FeO 4 activation, and applied in adsorbing Tl(I). K 2 FeO 4 could synergistically produce porosity and load iron oxide on the produced porous carbon surface because of the catalytic cracking and oxidative etching during the activation of CTR. The adsorbent was synthesized at 800 ℃ with a mass ratio of K 2 FeO 4 /CTR being 3 (PC 3–800 ) showed optimal Tl(I) adsorption performance. The removal efficiency and distribution coefficient of PC 3–800 were above 95 % and 10 4 mL/g, respectively, in a wide pH range (4−10). Furthermore, the selection and reusability of PC 3–800 were favorable. The adsorption was a spontaneous, exothermic, and entropy increase process. The adsorption process was dominated by electrostatic attraction, surface complexation, and surface oxidation . The results suggested that removing Tl(I) from contaminated water via CTR-based porous carbon was feasible.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF SOL-GEL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2022
·Vol. 103
·期 3
·730-741
·
IF 2.606
Chang Tanran,Lv Hongning,Tan Minghui,Zheng Shumin,Gao Wei-Bo,Wang Bao,Zhao Qingsheng,Zhao Bing
Dye and heavy metal pollution has caused serious damage to water. It became a study hotspot to treatment at domestic and abroad. The abandoned industrial hemp residue after extraction of cannabidiol (CBD) commonly causes resource waste and environmental pollution. Herein, the industrial hemp residue is reused to prepare a recyclable composite with chitosan and Fe@ZIF67 magnetic metal material for the pollutant treatment. The properties of the synthesized composite are characterized by SEM, TG, BET, FT-IR, XRD, VSM, and Zeta potential analysis. Congo red (CR) and As (V) are adopted to evaluate the adsorption properties of composite. The composite shows the best adsorption effect for CR when the addition of industrial hemp residue is 20%, and the adsorption capacity is 166 mg/g. Whereas the best adsorption effect for As (V) occurs at the addition of industrial hemp residue is 2%, and the adsorption capacity is 22 mg/g. The results reveal that the developed composite has good adsorption effect on CR and As (V), suggesting the recycling of industrial hemp residue has potential for water production and industrial wastewater treatment. It may provide useful insights into the development of recovery and utilization of industrial hemp residue.
Graphical abstract
研究领域:
环境科学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Cleaner Production
·
2022
·
IF 11.072
Zhaobing Fu,Kai Sun,Huailin Fan,Chao Li,Hong Liu,Shu Zhang,Kuan Ding,Guanggang Gao,Xun Hu
Furfural residue is a solid waste produced in manufacturing furfural from biomass like corncob, which can be converted into liquid/gaseous fuel and activated carbon via chemical activation. In this study, in addition the pore structure of activated carbon, the impacts of varied potassium salts (KCl, KOH, K 2 CO 3 and K 2 C 2 O 4 ) on the properties of gases and bio-oil formed during activation of Furfural residue was studied. The results showed that the potassium salts suppressed cracking of condensable volatiles into gases, producing more bio-oil at expense of gases. KOH showed the highest activity for cracking, producing the lowest yield of activated carbon (4.8%) without activator with lower degree of crystallization than that K 2 CO 3 and K 2 C 2 O 4 as activators (20.1% and 26.9%). The activated carbon activated with K 2 CO 3 or K 2 C 2 O 4 showed the flaky membrane structure packed with varied layers, but not with KOH as the activator. K 2 C 2 O 4 , KOH and K 2 CO 3 as the activators could promote cracking, deoxygenation , dehydrogenation and aromatization reactions, generating abundant micropores , while KCl could not. In addition, K 2 C 2 O 4 as the activator of furfural residue showed the least energy consumption and environmental impacts, while with KCl was highest. The results herein demonstrated the potential of furfural residue as feedstock for the production of activated carbon and liquid fuels .
研究领域:
能源与燃料
·
环境科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）