Animals
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2020
·Vol. 10
·期 2
·251
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IF 2.323
Jie Peng,Mao Xia,Jia Xiong,Chenbin Cui,Ningning Huang,Yuanfei Zhou,Hongkui Wei,Jian Peng
Simple SummaryHydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important second messenger, which has been implicated in regulating placental angiogenesis. Our findings revealed that gestational dietary methionine could affect maternal and placental H2S concentrations. With the increase of dietary methionine, maternal plasma and placental H2S concentrations changed quadratically, which was consistent with placental vascular density and reproductive performance. The decrease in H2S production caused by an increase in dietary methionine was likely to be the cause for the increase in the rate of low birth weight piglets and needs further study.AbstractThe placenta is a unique bond between the mother and the fetus during pregnancy, and a proper placental angiogenesis is vital for fetal development. H2S is an endogenous stimulator of angiogenesis that is mainly produced by the methionine transsulfurationpathway. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of gestational dietary methionine on maternal and placental H2S production in sows. Multiparous sows (Large×White; third parity;n= 65) were randomly allocated into five groups, with feed diets comprisingstandardized ileal digestible methionine/lysine (Met/Lys) ratios of 0.27 (nutrient requirements of swine (NRC); 2012 level), 0.32, 0.37, 0.42, and 0.47, respectively. The litter size and weight at birth were measured and recorded. Maternal blood samples were obtained at embryonic day (E) E40 d, E90 d, and E114 d of gestation. The placental samples were collected at parturition. The results showed that maternal plasma H2S concentration was not affected at E40 d. However, the maternal plasma H2S concentration changed quadratically with the dietary Met/Lys ratio at E90 d (p< 0.01) and E114 d (p= 0.03). The maximum maternal plasma H2S concentration was at the dietary Met/Lys ratio of 0.37. Meanwhile, maternal plasma H2S concentration was positively correlated with piglets born alive (p< 0.01) and litter weight (p< 0.01). Consistent with the maternal plasma, the placental H2S concentration also changed quadratically with the dietary Met/Lys ratio (p= 0.03); the Met/Lys ratio of 0.37 showed the maximum H2S concentration. In conclusion, our findings revealed that the gestational dietary Met/Lys ratio could affect maternal and placental H2S concentrations, which may be an important molecular mechanism affecting placental angiogenesis and piglet development.Keywords:hydrogen sulfide;reproductive performance;pregnant sows;methionine;placental angiogenesis
研究领域:
动物营养学
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生殖生物学
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PubMed
高影响因子
Animals
·
2025
·Vol. 15
·期 16
·2370
·
IF 2.7
Can Zhang,Bo Cheng,Lei Xue,Ling Liu,Fenglai Wang,Jianjun Zang
Corn distiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGSs) are a highly attractive alternative to corn and soybean meal in animal feeds. Accurately determining the net energy (NE) value of corn DDGSs is essential for formulating precise diets for pregnant sows. The substitution method has been widely employed to determine the available energy value of feed ingredients that cannot be fed directly to pigs. However, the appropriate substitution level of corn DDGSs in the test diets of the substitution method, which influences the accuracy of the assessed energy, and its corresponding net energy in pregnant sows remain unclear. Therefore, this study aims to establish the appropriate substitution level of corn DDGSs in test diets relative to the energy-supplying portion of the basal diet, and to accurately measure the digestive energy, metabolizable energy and NE values of different corn DDGSs types in pregnant sows. Based on an established appropriate substitution level for corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGSs) replacing energy-supplying components in the basal diet for pregnant sows, the substitution method was employed to determine the available energy values of corn DDGSs. In Exp. 1, forty pregnant sows (gestation day = 50 ± 5 d; body weight = 220 ± 24.9 kg; parity, 4 to 6) were randomly allocated into five treatments. The control group was fed a corn–soybean basal diet, while test diets contained 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% corn DDGSs replacing the energy-supplying portion of the basal diet. In Exp. 2, the available energy of five corn DDGS sources was determined using the substitution method at a 30% substitution level. Twelve pregnant sows (gestation day = 50 ± 5 d; body weight = 225.4 ± 29.2 kg; parity, 4 to 6) were arranged in a 6 × 3 Youden square design. Dietary treatments consisted of the corn–soybean basic diet and five test diets incorporating different corn DDGS types. Increasing the substitution level of corn DDGSs displayed both linear and quadratic effects ( p < 0.05) on the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), acid detergent fiber (ADF), ether extract (EE) and gross energy (GE) in diets. The ATTD of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) was quadratically affected by different substitution levels ( p < 0.05), with the highest value achieved at the 30% substitution level. As the substitution level of corn DDGSs increased, the ATTD of ADF in corn DDGSs decreased. In contrast, the ATTD of crude protein (CP) increased either linearly or quadratically ( p < 0.05), and a significant quadratic effect was observed for the ATTD of EE in corn DDGSs ( p < 0.05). Although the GE, DE, and ME of corn DDGSs were not significantly influenced by the substitution level, the 30% corn DDGSs resulted in the lowest coefficients of variation (CV). Therefore, a 30% substitution level of corn DDGSs is recommended for energy-supplying components in the basal diet of pregnant sows using the substitution method. The ranges of DE, ME and net energy (NE) of five corn DDGSs samples were 15.58–18.07, 12.17–16.42 and 8.76–15.88 MJ/kg DM, respectively. The absolute value of relative error (|RE|) between the predicted available energy values obtained from the prediction equations established in Exp. 2 and the determined values were below 5%, except for ME for corn DDGSs N3 (5.81%).
研究领域:
动物营养学
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畜牧学
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饲料科学
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能量代谢
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妊娠生理
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PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2023
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IF 6.1
Shuangbo Huang,Longmiao Zhang,Jinxi Luo,Deyuan Wu,Kaidi Ma,Yiling Chen,Shuo Ma,Li Feng,Fuyong Li,Dingfa Liu,Jinping Deng,Chengquan Tan
Sows are highly sensitive to deoxynivalenol (DON) and susceptible to reproductive toxicity caused by oxidative stress, but the potential mechanisms and effective interventions remain unclear. Here, we investigated the role of two antioxidants (cysteamine and N-acetyl-cysteine) in regulating the reproductive performance, redox status, and placental barrier function of sows and their potential mechanisms under DON exposure. Maternal dietary supply of antioxidants from day 85 of gestation to parturition reduced the incidence of stillbirths and low-birth-weight piglets under DON exposure. Moreover, the alleviation of DON-induced reproductive toxicity by dietary antioxidants was associated with the alleviation of placental oxidative stress, the enhancement of the placental barrier, and the vascular function of sows. Furthermore, in vivo and in vitro vascularized placental barrier modeling further demonstrated that antioxidants could reverse both DON transport across the placenta and DON-induced increase of placental barrier permeability. The molecular mechanism of antioxidant resistance to DON toxicity may be related to the signal transducer and activator of the transcription-3-occludin/zonula occludens-1 signaling pathway. Collectively, these results demonstrate the potential of antioxidants to protect the mother from DON-induced reproductive toxicity by alleviating placental oxidative stress and enhancing the placental barrier.
研究领域:
兽医学
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生殖生物学
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毒理学
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药理学
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PubMed
高影响因子
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
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2024
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IF 4.3
Wojun Chen,Xianwen Zheng,Wenxuan Lao,Hongxin Wang,Shengfeng Chen,Canying Liu,Zhisheng Chen,Yinshan Bai,Hui Zhang,Xiaoshu Zhan,Bingyun Wang
Altrenogest (ALT), a synthetic progestogen, serves a critical role in estrus synchronization among animals like gilts and mares. However, its practical application in animal husbandry is hampered due to its poor solubility and limited oral bioavailability. To address this challenge, a solvent evaporation method was employed to create an inclusion complex of ALT with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (ALT/HP-β-CD). The formation of this inclusion complex was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, power X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and docking calculations. In addition, we further conducted pharmacokinetic investigation involving gilts, comparing ALT/HP-β-CD inclusion complex to an ALT oral solution. The physicochemical characterization results unveiled a transformation of ALT's crystal morphology into an amorphous state, with ALT effectively entering the cavity of HP-β-CD. Compared with ALT, the solubility of ALT/HP-β-CD inclusion complex increased by 1026.51-fold, and its dissolution rate demonstrated significant improvement. Pharmacokinetic assessments further revealed that the oral bioavailability of ALT/HP-β-CD inclusion complex surpassed that of the ALT oral solution, with a relative bioavailability of 114.08 %. In conclusion, complexation with HP-β-CD represents a highly effective approach to improve both the solubility and oral bioavailability of ALT.
研究领域:
兽医学
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药学
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畜牧业
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PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
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2023
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IF 3.3
Huang Shuangbo,Wu Deyuan,Hao Xiangyu,Nie Jiawei,Huang Zihao,Ma Shuo,Chen Yiling,Chen Shengxing,Wu Jianyao,Sun Jihui,Ao Huasun,Gao Binghui,Tan Chengquan
Our previous study found dietary konjac flour (KF) supplementation could improve insulin sensitivity and reproductive performance of sows, but its high price limits its application in actual production. This study aimed to investigate the effects of supplementation of a cheaper combined dietary fiber (CDF, using bamboo shoots fiber and alginate fiber to partially replace KF) from the last 50 days of gestation to parturition on farrowing performance, insulin sensitivity, gut microbiota, and placental function of gilts. Specifically, a total of 135 pregnant gilts with a similar farrowing time were blocked by backfat thickness and body weight on day 65 of gestation (G65d) and assigned to 1 of the 3 dietary treatment groups (n = 45 per group): basal diet (CON), basal diet supplemented with 2% KF or 2% CDF (CDF containing 15% KF, 60% bamboo shoots fiber, and 25% alginate fiber), respectively. The litter performance, insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance parameters, placental vessel density, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels in feces were assessed. The gut microbiota population in gilts during gestation was also assessed by 16S rDNA gene sequencing. Compared with CON, both KF and CDF treatments not only increased the piglet birth weight (P < 0.05) and piglet vitality (P < 0.01) but also decreased the proportion of piglets with birth weight ≤ 1.2 kg (P < 0.01) and increased the proportion of piglets with birth weight ≥ 1.5 kg (P < 0.01). In addition, KF or CDF supplementation reduced fasting blood insulin level (P < 0.05), homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (P < 0.05), serum hemoglobin A1c (P < 0.05), and the level of advanced glycation end products (P < 0.05) at G110d, and increased the placental vascular density (P < 0.05) at farrowing. Meanwhile, KF or CDF supplementation increased microbial diversity (P < 0.05) and SCFAs levels (P < 0.05) in feces at G110d. Notably, the production cost per live-born piglet was lower in CDF group (¥ 36.1) than KF group (¥ 41.3). Overall, KF or CDF supplementation from G65d to farrowing could improve the farrowing performance of gilts possibly by improving insulin sensitivity, regulating gut microbiota and metabolites, and increasing placental vascular density, with higher economic benefits and a similar effect for CDF vs. KF, suggesting the potential of CDF as a cheaper alternative to KF in actual production.
研究领域:
动物科学
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营养学
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生殖生物学
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微生物学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Livestock Science
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2024
·
IF 1.8
Xue Qin,Menghao Yang,Xiaolin Wang,Haoqi Xiao,Chaoyue Cao,Jiawen Chai,Weijun Pang
Sows commonly suffered ROS due to increased energy demands and metabolic burdens during late gestation (LG) and lactation. Astaxanthin (Asta) is a potent antioxidant, which can enhance livestock health and productivity. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of Asta on antioxidant status, reproductive outcomes in sows, and the growth performance of piglets. A total of 80 large white sows were randomly divided equally into dietary treatments supplemented with 0, 4, 8 and 12 mg/kg Asta from 85 days of gestation to 21 days of lactation. The results demonstrated that with increasing levels of dietary Asta, the concentrations of Asta in placenta, colostrum, and piglet liver significantly increased ( P < 0.05), which notably reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), while significantly increasing total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in sow serum, placenta, colostrum, and piglet serum ( P < 0.05). In addition, Asta supplementation significantly increased the number of live births (NLB) in sow and average daily gain (ADG) of piglet with a significant improvement in placental angiogenesis and duodenal development status of piglets ( P < 0.05). Overall, dietary Asta in sows can be transferred to piglets through the placenta or milk, which can improve sow reproductive outcomes and piglet growth by reducing oxidative stress during late gestation (LG) and lactation.
研究领域:
动物科学
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营养学
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生殖生物学
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DOI
高影响因子
Food Bioscience
·
2022
·
IF 5.318
Cuirong Ren,Jun Jin,Shiwei Zhao,Yanbing Zhang,Qingzhe Jin,Xingguo Wang
Effects of five different breeds (Landrace × Large White, Landrace , Large White, Duroc and Pietrain) and two lactation stages (colostrum and milk) on phospholipids and their fatty acids compositions , cholesterol, and tocopherols in sow milks (n = 100) were investigated in the present study. Six classes of phospholipids were identified using 31 P NMR spectroscopy, with the total phospholipid levels ranging from 56.84 to 151.02 μmol/100 mL. Sphingomyelin (SM) was the most abundant phospholipids (33.57%–48.00%) in both colostrum and milk. Colostrum contained higher percentages of SM, phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI), and ethanolamine plasmalogen (EPLAS) than those in milk, while milk contained higher percentages of phosphatidylcholine (PC), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). C16:0 and C18:0, accounting for more than 80% of the saturated fatty acids of phospholipids in both colostrum and milk, decreased throughout the lactation. The average cholesterol concentration in colostrum was 430.60 mg/100 g fat, which was significantly lower than that in milk (646.44 mg/100 g fat). α-Tocopherol levels in Landrace × Large White breed were 38.35 and 15.91 mg/100 g fat in colostrum and milk, respectively, which were significantly higher than other breeds; while no significant variations in β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols were noted among different breeds. The results demonstrated that lactation stages and breeds were mainly responsible for the significant differences of phospholipids, cholesterol, and tocopherols, providing a theoretical guidance for the manufacture of commercial formula of piglets.
研究领域:
动物科学
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营养学
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生物化学
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高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）