Materials Today Chemistry
·
2024
·
IF 6.7
Lihong Liu,Yan Zhang,Tengteng Wang,Changchang Ma,Zhengping Fang,Deyi Wang
Chloroprene rubber (CR) is one of the widely used materials due to its excellent performance. However, it will evolve large amounts of smoke and toxic gas during its combustion, which may cause smoke inhalation even human deaths in the populated enclosed spaces like rail transit, etc. Aiming to improving the fire safety of CR, the effects of zinc borate (ZnB) and antimony trioxide (Sb 2 O 3 ) alone and their combination on the flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and toxicity inhibition of CR are investigated. The performances of CR/ZnB, CR/Sb 2 O 3 and CR/ZnB/Sb 2 O 3 were analyzed by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL94 rating and cone data. The results showed that the combination of ZnB and Sb 2 O 3 can integrate their advantages to exhibit the higher LOI and flame retardancy index (FRI) values as well as toxicity inhibition ability, indicating their good fire retardancy feature. The corresponding mechanism including the flame retardant mechanism and Lewis acid function was discussed in detail.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
消防安全
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2024
·
IF 2.7
Miaotian Long,Zerui Zhang,Long Yan,Liang Yi
For effectively strengthening the comprehensive properties of intumescent flame-retardant epoxy resins (EPs), a microencapsulating γ-Fe 2 O 3 by polypyrrole (PPy) named PPy-Fe 2 O 3 was synthesized and used as a synergist to simultaneously enhance the flame retardancy, smoke toxicity suppression and mechanical strength of EP composites containing diaminodiphenylmethane modified ammonium polyphosphate (DDP). The results demonstrate that the mixture of PPy-Fe 2 O 3 and DDP exhibits a surprising synergistic effect on strengthening the comprehensive properties of EP composites. Specifically, EP composite containing 0.2 wt% PPy-Fe 2 O 3 and 9.8 wt% DDP achieves the UL94 V-0 rating with a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 35.5%, while 10 wt% DDP only imparts a UL94 V-1 rating and a LOI value of 34.0% to EP. Furthermore, 0.2 wt% PPy-Fe 2 O 3 shows a 11.0% reduction in peak smoke production rate and a 12.3% reduction in peak heat release rate of the EP/DDP system. The enhanced fire security of EP/DDP/PPy-Fe 2 O 3 is attributed to the formation of more phosphorus-rich structures retained in the char, thus reducing the release of harmful gases including NH 3 , CO, and CO 2 , and generating more incombustible gases including H 2 O to weaken burning intensity. Meanwhile, the satisfactory compatibility of PPy-Fe 2 O 3 with epoxy matrix imparts a superior mechanical strength to EP composites.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
APPLIED CLAY SCIENCE
·
2023
·
IF 5.6
Wufei Tang,Haizhou Fan,Fang Liu,Yunhui Liao,Qi Xiao,Jiao Yan,Sheng Zhang,Xiaoyu Gu
By growing molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) on the surface of acidified kaolinite (A-Kaol) to obtain MoS 2 @A-Kaol compounds, which effectively suppressed the toxic smoke and soot, enhanced thermal stability and ageing resistance of the epoxy resin (EP). In the cone calorimetry test, the total smoke production (TSP) reached 3917.6 m 2 ; while the TSP value decreased to 2575.5 m 2 after adding 3 wt% MoS 2 @A-Kaol; MoS 2 @A-Kaol slowed down the mass loss and promoted the char residue of EP composite increased to 11.3%. In TGA test, the temperature of 50% mass loss (T 50% ) was postponed from 388 °C to 414 °C and the residue increased to 8.7% after adding 3 wt% MoS 2 @A-Kaol, indicating the thermal degradation of the EP was postponed and its thermal stability was improved. The released smoke and soot were filtrated by a non-woven PP fabric, which documented MoS 2 @A-Kaol reduced the toxic aromatic volatiles. The tensile and impact strength of the EP was mostly kept by 3 wt% MoS 2 @A-Kaol after UV ageing for 72 h. Based on all the results, the smoke suppression and anti-ageing mechanism was disclosed. This work provided a feasible solution to improve the comprehensive properties of EP with low amount of filler.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
·
2021
·Vol. 32
·期 12
·4700-4709
·
IF 3.665
Rongzhen Wang,Yan Chen,Yanyan Liu,Mingliang Ma,Zhouyu Tong,Xilei Chen,Yuxin Bi,Weibo Huang,Zijian Liao,Shuailiang Chen,Xinyi Zhang,Qianqian Li
Transition metal as flame retardant has attracted intense interests in recent years. In this work, ZnO@MOF@PZS was prepared via hydrothermal and polycondensation methods. ZnO nanoflowers played the role as a template for growth of MOF@PZS and zinc source for formation of MOF. Subsequently, the obtained ZnO@MOF@PZS was mixed into polyurea (PUA) to investigate its flame retardancy and toxicity suppression properties. The cone calorimeter test (CCT) showed that ZnO@MOF@PZS significantly improved the flame retardancy of PUA composites. The addition of 3 wt% ZnO@MOF@PZS into PUA could result in peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR) and total CO production (TCO) of 28.30%, 19.59% and 36.65%, respectively. The result of universal testing machine showed that ZnO@MOF@PZS-add PUA had better mechanical properties. It is notable that the improved flame retardant properties for PUA composites are mainly attributed to ZnO@MOF@PZS promoting the formation of dense char residue.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
·
2022
·
IF 5.518
Qi Jiang,Ping Li,Bin Wang,Jiu-Hua She,Yun Liu,Ping Zhu
Inorganic-organic hybrid coatings prepared via an impregnation assembly of eco-friendly materials exhibited dramatically flame-retardant properties on flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF). A nickel-complex of tea polyphenols (TP-Ni) was synthesized, and TP-Ni and laponite (LAP) were coated on the surface of FPUF. LAP/TP-Ni can be homogeneously dispersed on the surface of FPUF. Moreover, the melt-dripping phenomenon of 1LAP/4TP-Ni/FPUF was completely inhibited during the vertical flame test (UL-94) with 41.2 wt% weight gain, and it showed self-extinguished behaviors at once and passed the UL-94 V-0 rating. Additionally, the values of peak heat release rate and peak smoke production rate of 1LAP/4TP-Ni/FPUF were reduced by 71.6% and 60.9%, compared with the control. The content of gaseous toxic substances, such as CO and NCO-containing compounds, was also decreased, indicating the effect of TP-Ni/LAP on the toxicity suppression of flame-retardant FPUF. Encouragingly, the coatings deteriorated the tensile property of FPUF inconspicuously. Interestingly, the coatings do not contain traditional flame retardant elements, which offers an innovative approach for designing flame retardants. Thus, these inorganic-organic hybrid coatings show the promising potential to decrease the fire risk of FPUF.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
防火安全
·
有机无机杂化材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
·
2025
·
IF 8.4
Mengyuan Zhang,Gaojun Wang,Bo Zhang,Geli Chen,Qian Li,Rong Chen
Surfactants and nanoplastics are emerging contaminants in organic wastewater. Although the influences of surfactants on the anaerobic digestion of organic wastewater were widely investigated and confirmed, the regulation of co-existed surfactants and nanoplastics on syntrophic methanogenesis was not clear. This study explored the inhibitory mechanism of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant on syntrophic methanogenesis and deciphered how polypropylene (PP) nanoplastics regulating this inhibition. The results showed that individual 200 mg/L SDS dramatically decreased methane yield (P 0 ) by 31.7 % and prolonged the lag time (t 0 ) from 5.2 d to 12.1 d by damaging the cell membrane, disordering extracellular matrix structure, and decreasing cell viability. Meanwhile, the relative abundance of major hydrogenotrophic Methanoculleus decreased by 43.6 %. However, the addition of PP at concentrations between 0.5 and 200 mg/L effectively mitigated the release of intracellular lactate dehydrogenase and enhanced cell viability. Consequently, key parameters P 0 and t 0 recovered to 6.0–20.6 % and 5.0–8.4 d, respectively. This demonstrated an antagonistic effect of PP and SDS co-existence. The physical analysis further suggested that the hydrophobicity of PP acted as carriers for the aggregation of hydrophobic end structure of SDS, which formed surfactant-coated particles. Meanwhile, the exposed hydrophilic head structure of SDS with negative charges had less chance to attach to the cell membrane due to electrostatic repulsion effects, thereby shielded the toxicity of SDS to microbes. These outcomes provided new insights into understanding the role of surfactants and nanoplastics regulating syntrophic methanogenic process.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
微生物学
·
生态毒理学
·
水污染控制
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
·
2023
·
IF 4.7
Wen-shuo Zhang,Li-peng Tan,Jun Shen,Yu-gao Wang,Gang Liu,Qing-bai Xu
Coal-tar pitch (CTP) output in China has consistently exceeded 7 million tons annually since 2011. CTP contains 16 toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that are preferentially monitored by the American Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). As a result, the widespread and extensive use of CTP is restricted. Consequently, finding ways to reduce the toxicity of CTP has become an urgent concern. In the paper, the reaction conditions were optimized using model compounds (naphthalene, fluorene, anthracene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo [a]pyrene) of CTP. Subsequently, the CTP was modified through alkylation reaction using 1-dodecene, and the detoxification effect was evaluated based on chemical index, fumes, and water-soluble substances. The total content of 16 toxic PAHs in the modified CTP (MCTP) decreased by 75.56% compared to the original CTP. The toxicity equivalent quotient (TEQ) of the MCTP was reduced by more than 65% according to different environmental standards. The content of the 16 PAHs detected in MCTP fumes released at 140 °C decreased by 80.89%, while in water-soluble substances it decreased by 64.04% and 76.67% at 30 °C and 60 °C, respectively. These results strongly indicate the effectiveness of the alkylation method in reducing the toxicity of CTP. However, in order to develop more environmentally-friendly materials, it is necessary to explore more efficient catalysts and cheaper modifiers, which will be the focus of our future research. Novelty Statement This study investigated the toxicity inhibition of CTP to reduce the content of PAHs by alkylation method. The modification process was analyzed using model compounds to understand the potential reaction pathways. The objective of toxicity inhibition was achieved by creating low-toxicity and long-chain alkyl substitutes. Additionally, the toxicity of CTP and MCTP was assessed by introducing fumes and water-soluble substances.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2015
·
IF 4.529
Weizhao Hu,Bin Yu,Shu-Dong Jiang,Lei Song,Yuan Hu,Bibo Wang
A well-defined functionalized graphene oxide (FGO) grafted by hyper-branched flame retardant based on N -aminoethyl piperazine and phosphonate derivative was synthesized to reduce flammability and toxicity of polystyrene (PS). The chemical structure, morphological and thermal properties were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. Micro combustion calorimeter and steady state tube furnace were employed to evaluate the heat and non-heat fire hazards of PS nanocomposites. The incorporation of FGO into PS matrix effectively improved the flame retardancy and restrained the toxicity of the volatiles escaped, which is attributed to that the homogeneous dispersion of FGO in the PS matrix enhanced barrier effect that reduced peak heat release rate, total heat release and toxic gas release during combustion. Furthermore, PS-FGO nanocompsites obviously decreased the amount of flammable and toxic volatiles evolved, such as the aromatic compounds, carbonyl compounds, carbon monoxide, indicating suppressed fire hazards of the PS composites.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
·
2018
·
IF 4.514
Jiajia Liu,Wei Wang,Richard K.K. Yuen,Zhou Gui,Yuan Hu
SnO 2 nanowires decorated MnO 2 nanosheets hybrids, were prepared and incorporated into epoxy resins to improve the flame retardancy and inhibite the smoke in combustion. SnO 2 -MnO 2 hybrids shows significant improve in flame retardancy, fire toxicity and thermal properties of epoxy nanocomposites, compared to neat epoxy and nanocomposites with a single SnO 2 or MnO 2 . The char residues and glass transition temperature of the epoxy/2 wt% SnO 2 -MnO 2 nanocomposite were remarkably increased. The peak heat release rate of EP/2 wt% SnO 2 -MnO 2 was significantly decreased by 62.9% than that of pure epoxy. TG-FTIR results that the concentration of organic volatiles of epoxy was significantly reduced and the toxic CO was suppressed after incorporating SnO 2 -MnO 2 . The physical barrier for SnO 2 -MnO 2 hybrids and the synergism between the catalysis effect of SnO 2 and MnO 2 can improve the flame retardancy of epoxy resin.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
燃烧学
·
纳米技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
·
2017
·
IF 2.084
Xiaowei Mu,Bihe Yuan,Ying Pan,Xiaming Feng,Lijin Duan,Ruowen Zong,Yuan Hu
A layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly coating composed of α-cobalt hydroxide (α-Co(OH) 2 ) and sodium alginate (SA) is deposited on flexible polyurethane (FPU) foam to reduce its flammability . Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) are employed to prove the LBL assembly process. It is obvious from SEM results that a uniform and rough coating is deposited on FPU foam compared with that of untreated one. The peak intensity of methylene of SA in FITR spectra and typical (003) diffraction peak of α-Co(OH) 2 nanosheets at 11.0° in XRD patterns increases gradually with increment of bilayer number. Combustion behavior and toxicity suppression property of samples are characterized by cone calorimeter (under an irradiance of 35 kW m −2 ) and Thermogravimetry/Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The one and two bilayers (BL) coating on FPU foam can achieve excellent flame retardancy. Compared with untreated sample, the peak heat release rate of the coated FPU foam containing only one BL coating is reduced by 58.7%. The content of gaseous toxic substances during pyrolysis of FPU foam deposited with a single bilayer coating, such as CO and NCO-containing compounds, are reduced by 20.0% and 9.2%, respectively. Besides, the flame retardant mechanism of the coated FPU foam is also revealed.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Polymers
·
2021
·Vol. 13
·期 16
·2646
·
IF 4.329
Kunpeng Song,Yinjie Wang,Fang Ruan,Weiwei Yang,Zhuqing Fang,Dongsen Zheng,Xueli Li,Nianhua Li,Meizhuang Qiao,Jiping Liu
Developing superior properties of epoxy resin composites with high fire resistance, light smoke, and low toxicity has been the focus of the research in the flame-retardant field. In particular, it is essential to decrease the emissions of toxic gases and smoke particles generated during the thermal decomposition of epoxy resin (EP) to satisfy the industrial requirements for environmental protection and safety. Consequently, the PZS@ZIF-67 composite was designed and synthesized by employing the hydroxyl group-containing polyphosphazene (poly(cyclotriphosphazene-co-4,4′-dihydroxydiphenylsulfone), PZS) as both the interfacial compatibility and an in situ template and the ZIF-67 nanocrystal as a nanoscale coating and flame-retardant cooperative. ZIF-67 nanocrystal with multidimensional nanostructures was uniformly wrapped on the surface of PZS microspheres. Subsequently, the acquired PZS@ZIF-67 composite was incorporated into the epoxy resin to prepare composite samples for the study of their fire safety, toxicity suppression, and mechanical performance. Herein, the EP/5% PZS@ZIF-67 passed the V-0 rating in a UL-94 test with a 31.9% limit oxygen index value. More precisely, it is endowed with a decline of 51.08%, 28.26%, and 37.87% of the peak heat release rate, the total heat release, and the total smoke production, respectively. In addition, the unique structure of PZS@ZIF-67 microsphere presented a slight impact on the mechanical properties of EP composites at low loading. The PZS@ZIF-67 possible flame-retardant mechanism was speculated based on the analysis of the condensed phase and the gas phase of EP composites.Keywords:flame retardant;polyphosphazenes;ZIF-67;epoxy resin;mechanism of flame retardant
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
·
消防安全工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2024
·
IF 12.2
Hanlong Wang,Shifeng Zhu,Jiaoyue Sheng,Feihong Gao,Lei Yang,Xili Hu,Francisco Fernández-Martínez,Longhui Lin,Chaoyu You,Dongming Xing
Lead halide perovskite has demonstrated remarkable potential in the wearable field due to its exceptional photoelectric conversion capability. However, its lead toxicity issue has consistently been subject to criticism, significantly impeding its practical application. To address this challenge, an innovative approach called lead-rivet was proposed for the in-situ growth of perovskite crystalline structures. Through the formation of S-Pb bonds, each Pb 2+ ion was firmly immobilized on the surface of the silica matrix, enabling in situ growth of perovskite nanocrystals via ion coordination between Cs + and halide species. The robust S-Pb bonding effectively restricted the mobility of lead ions and stabilized the perovskite structure without relying on surface ligands, thereby not only preventing toxicity leakage but also providing a favorable interface for depositing protective shells. The obtained perovskites exhibit intense and narrow-band fluorescence with full-width at half-maximum less than 23 nm and show excellent stability to high temperature (above 202 °C) and high humidity (water immersion over 27 days), thus making it possible to be used in varies textile technologies including melt spinning and wet spinning. The lead leakage rate of particles is only 4.15 % demonstrating excellent toxicity inhibition performance. The prepared fibers maintained good extensibility and flexibility which could be used for 3D-printing and textiles weaving. Most importantly, the detected Pb 2+ leaching was negligible as low as to 0.732 ppb which meet the standard of World Health Organization (WHO) for drinking water (<10 ppb), and the cell survival rate remained 99.196 % for PLA fluorescent filament after 24 h cultivation which showing excellent safety to human body and environment. This study establishes a controllable and highly adaptable synthesis method, thereby providing a promising avenue for the safe utilization of perovskite materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
纳米技术
·
环境科学
·
纺织工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）