FUEL
·
2021
·
IF 6.609
Yakun Liu,Chengxiang Shi,Lun Pan,Xiangwen Zhang,Ji-Jun Zou
With the rapid development of aerospace industry, it is significantly necessary to develop advanced rocket fuels with high density, high specific impulse and good combustion performance. In this work, we report the synthesis of cyclopropanated pinanes through cyclopropanation of pinene. The reaction conditions including reaction time, solvent type, halohydrocarbon and molar ratio of zinc carbenoid to pinene were optimized. The basic physical properties of fuel, including density, kinematic viscosity, freezing point, calorific value, and combustion performance were tested, and the specific impulses of cyclopropanated pinanes were also calculated. Importantly, the cyclopropanated α- and β-pinane possess high density of 0.90 and 0.91 g/mL, specific impulse of 330.58 and 330.39 s, which results in higher volumetric specific impulse than reported rocket fuels. They also show good low-temperature performance and better ignition and combustion performance than JP-10. These excellent performances indicate that the cyclopropanated α- and β-pinane have great application prospect as high-energy rocket fuel.
研究领域:
燃料化学
·
航空航天工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
·
2019
·Vol. 43
·期 38
·15115-15119
·
IF 3.069
Jifeng Chen,Yi Yu,Shujuan Zhang,Yuchuan Li,Siping Pang
3,3′-Difluoroazetidinium (DFAZ) possesses a high-tensile four-membered ring and fluorine atoms, which contributes to the specific impulse, detonation pressure and detonation velocity. High-density energetic salts that contain oxygen-rich anions and cations were synthesized. All of the salts were fully characterized by IR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) as well as impact and friction sensitivity. Their detonation properties were calculated according to the densities and heats of formation. The results showed that compared to ADN, they all had a relatively high density and low impact sensitivity. The specific impulse of almost all of the salts were higher than that of the propellant component, ammonium dinitramide (ADN, Isp = 202 J). Moreover, the 3,3′-difluoroazetidinium nitroformate salt had the highest specific impulse and was relatively more stable. It is possible to obtain energetic cations with good properties by combining four-membered high-tension rings with fluorine atoms.
研究领域:
化学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2022
·
IF 16.744
Shuaiqi Wang,Yuangang Xu,Shuaijie Jiang,Feng Yang,Dongxue Li,Pengcheng Wang,Qiuhan Lin,Ming Lu
Finding a chlorine-free, environmentally friendly, high-energy dense oxidizer with a high heat of formation as an alternative to ammonium perchlorate (AP) has remained an extremely challenging task in the field of energetic materials. In the present work, two organic oxidizers, 4,4′-bis(trinitromethyl)-3,3′-azofurazan ( 8 ) and 4,4′-bis(trinitromethyl)-3,3′-azoxyfurazan ( 10 ), were designed and synthesized via a two-step reaction from 3-amino-4-(carboxymethyl)furazan. Their structural features were investigated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and several theoretical techniques. Both of the newly synthesized organic oxidizers ( 8 and 10 ) exhibit positive oxygen balances, high densities, poor solubility in water, decent thermal stabilities, acceptable mechanical sensitivities, extremely high heats of formation, and excellent detonation performances. The best specific impulses are obtained for the environmentally friendly oxidizers 8 and 10 with calculated values of 273.9 s and 275.9 s, respectively, in a composite propellant consisting of 77 % oxidizer, 9 % aluminium, and 14 % binder. Both of these exceed the specific impulse (263 s) of the currently widely used oxidizer AP in the similar composition. Oxidizers 8 and 10 are expected to have promising applications as high-energy dense oxidizers for various scientific, space, and military projects.
研究领域:
化学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
·
2021
·
IF 0.284
Nora Chaibi,Larbi Hemmouche,Djalal Trache,Halima Benkhelil,Hocine Hedimi
The objective of this work is to study the influence of additives of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and silica nano-powder (SiO 2 ) on the mechanical behavior of epoxy resin . Different volume fractions of MWCNT and SiO 2 were added. Mechanical characterization by tensile, three-point bending and Charpy tests were carried out. The experimental results show an increase in the mechanical performance of the mixtures (MWCNT + epoxy), (SiO 2 + epoxy) up to 2% of additive. Beyond this value, a degradation of performance was observed. The addition of MWCNT gives better results when compared to the addition of SiO 2 . K IC -K CV correlations were made using empirical formulas to estimate the critical stress intensity factor K IC from the impact energy of the Charpy test.Unfortunately, this estimation does not provided a promising results, but other optimization methods were used to fit these empirical models to the behavior of our nanocomposites for which a good estimate was obtained after fitting these empirical models for SiO 2 .
研究领域:
材料科学
·
纳米技术
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ChemistrySelect
·
2025
·Vol. 10
·期 21
·e06152
·
IF 2
Shuai Wang,BingXi Song,Ze Su,Yijie Cai,Long Liu,Chang Su,Yanqiang Zhang
Graphical A new ionic liquid plasticizer [NTAZ][NTf 2 ] was synthesized. Compared with the traditional plasticizer DOA, [NTAZ][NTf 2 ] can significantly improve the energy of the propellant formulation. Energetic plasticizer is an important means to improve the energy performance of solid propellants, but there is no suitable energetic plasticizer for HTPB/TDI system. In this work, a nitrate-functionalized ionic liquid plasticizer of 1-Methyl-4-(8-(Nitrooxy)octyl)-1,2,4-triazolium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide ([NTAZ][NTf 2 ]) was synthesized, and the energy was increased by the combination of nitrate functional group and 1,2,4-triazole cation. The hydrogen bond between the anion and the cation and HTPB achieves a good plasticizing effect. When 6% [NTAZ][NTf 2 ] was added to HTPB/TDI system, the glass transition temperature decreased from −63.41 °C to −64.84 °C, the tensile strength increased from 0.52 MPa to 0.79 MPa, and the storage modulus increased from 64.02 MPa to 110.32 MPa. When 4% DOA is replaced by the same amount of [NTAZ][NTf 2 ] in the HTPB formulation system, the specific impulse is increased from 261.0 s to 271.4 s. This study will guide the design and application of new energetic solid propellant plasticisers, both theoretically and experimentally.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
推进剂化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Chemistry-An Asian Journal
·
2019
·Vol. 14
·期 12
·2122-2128
·
IF 3.698
Zhenyuan Wang,Guangxing Pan,Binshen Wang,Ling Zhang,Weiwei Zhao,Xing Ma,Jichuan Zhang,Jiaheng Zhang
Graphical Alternative hypergolic fuels : A family of novel azide-functionalized cation-based hypergolic ionic liquids were designed and synthesized from cost-effective materials. These ionic liquids displayed excellent properties including low melting points, high thermal stability, low viscosities, and unique hypergolic reactivity, demonstrating their promise as potential alternative hypergolic fuels to toxic and volatile hydrazine derivatives. Hypergolic ionic liquids (ILs) have shown a great promise as viable replacements for toxic and volatile hydrazine derivatives used as propellant fuels, and hence, have attracted increasing interest over the last decade. To take advantage of the reactivity and high energy density of the azido group, a family of low-cost and easily prepared azide-functionalized cation-based ILs, including fuel-rich anions, such as nitrate, dicyanamide, and nitrocyanamide anions, were synthesized and characterized. All the dicyanamide- and nitrocyanamide-based ILs exhibited spontaneous combustion upon contact with 100 % HNO 3 . The densities of these hypergolic ILs varied in the range 1.11–1.29 g cm −3 , and the density-specific impulse, predicted based on Gaussian 09 calculations, was between 289.9 and 344.9 s g cm −3 . The values of these two key physical properties are much higher than those of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH). Among the studied compounds, compound IL-3b, that is, 1-(2-azidoethyl)-1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium dicyanamide, shows excellent integrated properties including the lowest viscosity (30.9 M Pa s), wide liquid operating range (−70 to 205 °C), shortest ignition-delay time (7 ms) with 100 % HNO 3 , and superior density specific impulse (302.5 s g cm −3 ), suggesting promising applications with potential as bipropellant formulations.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
燃料化学
·
航天推进剂
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
·
2022
·
IF 8.129
Nianming Jiao,Yanyan Yuan,Yuan Yao,Long Liu,Yanqiang Zhang
Different from the previous nitrogenous groups , we present a new strategy of improving the ionic liquids (ILs) energy capacity by introducing the strained carbocycles. The ILs with three- and/or four-member carbocycles were prepared, and their physicochemical properties as rocket fuels were studied. The ignition tests show that all of these ILs have the expected hypergolic reactivity with the oxidizer (white fuming HNO 3 ). In virtue of the strained cyclopropane and cyclobutane substituents , the resulting hypergolic ILs possess better energy properties (heats of formation 0.784–1.968 kJ g −1 ; specific impulses 313.0–315.7 s) and densities (1.03–1.15 g cm −3 ) than the corresponding ILs with n -alkyl substituents. This strategy of introducing strained ring groups into hypergolic ILs gives a new approach to improve energy properties of hypergolic ILs.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
材料科学
·
火箭推进
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
·
2021
·
IF 4.185
Tingting Zhou,Xiaodong Li,Chunjiao Liu,Xianrui Shi,Bo Wu,Xiaohui Duan,Guangcheng Yang
To meet the requirement of miniaturization and integration of the micro thrusters based on the chemical fuels, high-energy density compound is an emerging material as the chemical fuel. However, it is still challenging to realize the high-efficiency, stable and self-sustaining microcombustion of the high-energy density chemical fuels. Herein, we report the high-performance microcombustion of CWs/AP/CL-20 composite with nanoscale 2,4,6,8,10,12-(hexanitrohexaaza)cyclododecane (CL-20) and oxidizer ammonium perchlorate (AP) confined in a self-standing carbonized butterfly wing scales (CWs) matrix. CWs with multi-channeled hierarchical porous structure provide a model architecture for loading of AP and CL-20. CL-20 is designed to serve as heat/pressure loss compensate agent due to its high-energy density, fast energy release rate and large amounts of gas release during combustion process. The combustion of CWs/AP/CL-20 is greatly enhanced due to the enhanced heat and mass transfer originating from the multi-channeled hierarchical porous structure and synergistic reactions between components at nanoscales, which is demonstrated as promising solid-propellant for the micro thruster. It is found that the sample with oxygen balance close to zero, which can be conveniently regulated by adjusting the mass ratio of CL-20 and AP, has the best microcombustion performance, resulting in a specific impulse of 383.5 N·s/kg.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
·
航空航天工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2023
·
IF 5.9
Jiayi Zhang,Yipeng Chen,Yuanyuan Wang,Qingyu Meng,Qingfeng Sun,Dan Sun,Yingying Li
Currently, most people spend 90% of their daily time inside, relying on mechanical heating and air conditioning. Space heating is the largest source of final energy demand, making up about 50% of the total each year. Existing buildings often have insulation and central heating added to reduce energy consumption for heating, which increases construction costs and carbon emissions. Here, a potent and attainable strategy was demonstrated to process lignocellulose into a high-performance passive solar heating wood with satisfactory passive solar heating and mechanical properties. The passive solar heating wood could absorb ultraviolet light and convert it into thermal energy, resulting in continuous above-ambient heating during the cold day. Compared to traditional building materials, passive solar heating wood exhibits superior heating performance (average daytime heating of ∼25.6 °C) and thermal insulation performance (mid-IR emissivity of 0.51). In addition, the passive solar heating wood exhibits ultra-strong specific strength (80.1 MPa g −1 cm 3 ) and specific impact toughness (56.33 kJ m −2 g −1 cm 3 ) than the most of common polymers, ceramics, and concrete, which opens the way for practical application of lignocellulose based structural materials in advanced thermal management buildings.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
可持续建筑
·
能源效率
·
热管理
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FUEL
·
2023
·
IF 7.4
Wei Wang,Zhensheng Shen,Jiaxiang Zhang,Lun Pan,Chengxiang Shi,Xiangwen Zhang,Ji-Jun Zou
High-energy–density fuels play a vital role in the development of the aviation industry because they can provide more propulsion energy than conventional liquid fuels. Constructing more five- or six-membered rings in fuel molecules is an efficient way to increase fuel density. However, as the number of rings increases, the hydrogen content of fuel molecules gradually decreases, resulting in a decrease in the mass calorific value, which limits the further improvement of the volumetric calorific value, meanwhile, the low-temperature characteristics of the fuel become worsen. Considering the high strain energy stored in cyclopropane moiety and the good cryogenic properties of spiro fuel, in this work, two spirocyclopropane high-energy–density fuels have been synthesized from cyclopentadiene by phase transfer catalytic cyclopropanation and palladium catalytic cyclopropanation, and the reaction conditions have been optimized. The synthesized fuels possess heat value and specific impulse higher than the widely used high-energy–density fuel JP-10. Additionally, their kinematic viscosity at low temperatures is only about one-third that of JP-10. The outstanding properties of the synthesized strained fuels suggest their good potential as high-energy–density fuels.
研究领域:
化学
·
材料科学
·
航空航天工程
·
燃料技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
·
2025
·
IF 3.7
Yumei Shu,Jinxiu Hu,Lin Yang,Tehreem yaqub,Minhua Ai,Yang Liu,Dandan Shi,Kang Xue,Chengxiang Shi,Xiangwen Zhang,Ji-Jun Zou,Lun Pan
Intramolecular [2+2] photocycloaddition is a reliable way to synthesize high-strained cyclobutyl-containing structures for high-value chemicals. Here we propose a photosensitized dimer of methyl cyclopentadiene (DMCPD) intramolecular [2+2] cycloaddition to synthesize an intriguing liquid caged fuel, namely 3, 8-dimethylpentacyclic [5.3.0.0 2,5 .0 3,9 .0 4.8 ] decane (MPCD), with two four-membered rings, four five-membered rings and two methyl branched chains. The reaction conditions are optimized to obtain a high DMCPD conversion of 80.95% as well as a high MPCD selectivity of 74.19%. Based on the quenching experiment and low-temperature phosphorescence test, intramolecular [2+2] photocycloaddition complies with the Dexter triplet-energy-transfer mechanism, which is essentially double electron exchange between excited photosensitizer and DMCPD. Through kinetic studies, the reaction order ( α =1) and the reaction kinetic equation related to light intensity and DMCPD concentration are obtained. MPCD has excellent physicochemical properties, with a high density of 0.964 g·cm -3 , high net heat of combustion of 42.63 MJ·kg -1 , relatively low kinetic viscosity of 25.03 mm 2 ·s -1 at (20°C), and high specific impulse of 328.19 s.
研究领域:
有机合成
·
光化学
·
燃料化学
·
推进技术
·
化学动力学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）