JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
·
2025
·Vol. 172
·期 1
·012505
·
IF 3.3
Shangrun Ma,Fuxing Zhu,Lingxin Kong,Liguo Zhu
Titanium and its alloys are widely used in aerospace and ocean engineering because of their excellent properties. Molten salt electrolysis is a cost-effective and efficient method for producing titanium powder. However, titanium powder prepared via this method contains high oxygen levels. To address this issue, a novel approach for producing low-oxygen titanium powder by molten salt electrolysis containing LaCl3 is proposed in this study. Molten salts were selected and their physicochemical properties determined. The density, viscosity, and surface tension of the molten salt increased with LaCl3 content and decreased with increase in temperature in the NaCl-KCl-MgCl2-LaCl3-TiClx molten salt system. For optimal separation of electrolytic products from the molten salt and electrolytic slag, lower LaCl3 content and higher temperatures are recommended. Electrochemical tests revealed that the Ti precipitation reaction was quasi-reversible and diffusion-controlled. Finally, molten salt electrolysis experiments were conducted, showing that the oxygen content of the titanium powder decreased with increased temperature, LaCl3 concentration, and electrolysis time. At 4 wt% LaCl3, titanium powder with a low oxygen content of 500 mass ppm oxygen was obtained by electrolysis at 850 °C and 2.5 V for 1 h. This study provides theoretical guidance for the low-cost, short-process preparation of low-oxygen titanium powder.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
冶金工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2025
·
IF 5.6
Yan Zhao,Haoyu Fang,Liguo Zhu,Lingxin Kong,Bin Yang,Baoqiang Xu,Lei Gao
As the mainstream method for titanium processing, the Kroll process has excessive carbon emissions and high energy consumption due to its reliance on fossil fuels and lengthy semi-continuous process, which not only hinders the implementation of “dual-carbon” goals, but also leads to high production costs. In contrast, molten salt electrolysis achieves direct electrochemical reduction, significantly reducing energy consumption and pollution emissions while reducing costs, in line with the needs of green and sustainable manufacturing. The USTB method represented by soluble anode electrolysis process, is a green and low-cost new process for titanium extraction. However, this method uses NaCl-KCl as the molten salt medium, and faces the problem that it is difficult to control the oxygen content of titanium. In this study, a new method for the preparation of low-oxygen titanium by synergistic electrolysis and thermal deoxidation in NaCl-KCl-YCl 3 was proposed. It can be seen from the thermodynamic calculations that the activity of O 2− in the molten salt can be effectively reduced by the formation of YOCl. Under the equilibrium of Y / YOCl / YCl 3 (Y 3+ (in flux) + O 2- (in flux) + Cl − (in flux) = YOCl), the deoxidation limit is 1000 ppm. The experimental results show that the metal titanium with oxygen content of 700 ppm can be prepared by molten salt electrolysis and thermal deoxidation with TiC x O y as anode, Mo as cathode in NaCl-KCl-YCl 3 molten salt. This work provides a novel strategy for the preparation of low-oxygen titanium based on soluble anode electrolysis.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
冶金工程
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
·
2021
·
IF 3.871
Hairui Xing,Ping Hu,Jiayu Han,Shilei Li,Songwei Ge,Xingjiang Hua,Boliang Hu,Fan Yang,Kuaishe Wang,Pengfa Feng
Molybdenum metal have high brittleness and ductile-to-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) due to the existence of interstitial oxygen impurities, so it is of great scientific significance to strictly control and accurately analyze the oxygen content. In this work, the effects of oxygen on microstructure and evolution mechanism of body-centred-cubic metallic molybdenum are studied. The X-Ray diffraction (XRD), oxygen nitrogen analyzer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA) are used to analyze the chemical composition, microstructure, oxygen existence and distribution form. The results demonstrate that Mo O specimens with up to 3300 ppm of oxygen content have single-phase body-centered cubic microstructure with no precipitates. When the oxygen content in molybdenum increases from 44 ppm to 2200– 3300 ppm, more oxygen exists in the pores between molybdenum grains, and the fracture mode changes from intergranular fracture to intergranular and transgranular mixed fracture. The microhardness increases with increase of oxygen content. These results provide new ideas for controlling the change trend of oxygen in molybdenum and regulating the properties of molybdenum.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
金属学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Materials Research Express
·
2019
·Vol. 6
·期 4
·045601
·
IF 1.449
Hao Li,Genliang Hou,Qi Tian,Song Bi,Zhaohui Liu,Yangyang Lin,Jin Tang,Xunjia Su
Fluorinated graphene oxide (FGO) with high fluorine content is a suitable alternative for superhydrophobic materials due to the existence of the C–F bond. In this paper, we demonstrate a facile, large-scale method for the preparation of FGO with higher oxygen content and fluorine content by adopting proper oxidants and solvent to oxidize commercial graphite fluoride (GIF) on the basis of modified Hummers' method. Chemical composition, morphology and hydrophobicity are characterized by FT-IR, XPS, TGA, TEM and contact angle (CA) test respectively. The results indicate that the increase in oxygen content is accompanied by a decrease in fluorine content and FGO fabricated by using KMnO4 and the mixture of CH3COOH: H2SO4 with a volume ratio of 3:1 owns higher O/C and F/C ratio and superhydrophobicity. The oxidation mechanism is speculated that fluorine atom detaches from GiF in a strong oxidation environment, resulting in the restoration of sp2 C=C bond partly, and then sp2 C=C bond could be oxidized by KMnO4 or K2FeO4 efficiently. More oxygen groups broaden the applications of FGO as hydrophobic materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Scientific Reports
·
2021
·Vol. 11
·期 1
·1-11
·
IF 4.38
Wang Jingfeng,Zhang Yue,Liu Fang,Li Qingkui
Considering the problem of high oxygen content in industrial niobium powder, the oxygen reduction of high oxygen niobium powder with the addition of magnesium is studied. Based on the thermodynamic analysis of magnesium thermal reduction of niobium powder, the effects of reduction temperature, magnesium addition, reduction time, and reduction atmosphere on the oxygen content of pickling niobium powder are studied. The results show that with an increase in the magnesium addition, the oxygen content of pickling niobium powder gradually decreases to a certain value, and then remains unchanged. In a certain temperature range (953–1203 K), with an increase in the reduction temperature, the oxygen content of pickling niobium powder first decreases, and then increases; the best oxygen content is 356 ppm at 1133 K. With the extension in reduction time (2–6 h), the oxygen content of pickling niobium powder first decreases, and then remains unchanged. Finally, the oxygen content of pickled niobium powder is reduced to approximately 356 ppm at 400% magnesium addition at 1133 K for 4 h.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
冶金学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
·
2024
·
IF 4.2
Xiao Liu,Lu Wang,Zheng-Liang Xue
The hydrogen reduction of MoO 2 is a common method for preparing ultrafine molybdenum powder, which is an important basic material for manufacturing high-performance Mo-based alloys. However, its preparation parameters are usually hard to be controlled. To address this issue, the work conducted the parameter optimization research during the hydrogen reduction process with using central composite design method, and the influence of different parameters such as reaction temperature, yttrium content, and hydrogen flow rate, on the particle size and oxygen content of the prepared molybdenum powder were investigated. The findings showed that the particle size of the prepared molybdenum powder is gradually decreased with the increase of reaction temperature and yttrium content, while gradually increased with the increase of hydrogen flow rate. The oxygen content of the prepared molybdenum powder is gradually decreased with the increase of reaction temperature and hydrogen flow rate, while gradually increased with the increase of yttrium content. Reaction temperature and yttrium content have significant interactions on the particle size and oxygen content are also concluded, and their respective regression model equations are obtained. The result also demonstrated that the particle size and oxygen content of the prepared molybdenum powder had a certain contradictory relationship. Through the comprehensive analysis, the optimal parameters for preparing ultrafine molybdenum powder with a low oxygen content are deduced, that is, reaction temperature: 1200 K, yttrium content: 0.1 mass%, and hydrogen flow rate: 1000 mL/min. Under the conditions, the average particle size and oxygen content of the prepared molybdenum powder are 320 nm and 0.456 mass%, respectively.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Surfaces and Interfaces
·
2024
·
IF 5.7
Linghui Kong,Sobia Kousar,Kai Sun,Runxing Sun,Yuewen Shao,Chao Li,Yuchen Jiang,Lijun Zhang,Shu Zhang,Xun Hu
Aliphatic organics are reactive components of biomass in activation, playing important roles in pore development. They could be consumed with progress of activation while introducing external O 2 might create additional aliphatic structures via oxidation, probably facilitating generation of extra pores in resulting activated carbon (AC). This was investigated herein by activation of spring jasmine wood with ZnCl 2 or K 2 C 2 O 4 in presence of 11 % or 5 % O 2 at 550 or 700 °C. The results suggested that the oxygen added diminished yield of AC O 2 ZnCl 2 by 21.7 % and yield of AC O 2 K 2 C 2 O 4 by 29.0 %, resulting from partial oxidation of carbonaceous organics on nascent AC. Nonetheless, O 2 presence promoted pore development, increasing S BET from 1833.8 m 2 g -1 for AC N 2 -ZnCl 2 to 2018.2 m 2 g -1 for AC O 2 ZnCl 2 . The S BET of AC O 2 K 2 C 2 O 4 also increased by 35.6 % with presence of O 2 . Oxidization of nascent AC generated more oxygen-containing species that actively involved in polymerization with ZnCl 2 or cracking with K 2 C 2 O 4 to form more pores. Additionally, O 2 presence generated smaller pores in AC O 2 ZnCl 2 while larger ones in AC O 2 -K 2 C 2 O 4 , enhancing the latter AC for adsorption. Oxidation reactions could also form the AC with oxygen-rice surface and hydrophilic nature, which negatively affect aromatization and reduced interplanar spacing of carbon crystals in AC.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Materials Research Express
·
2020
·Vol. 7
·期 3
·036522
·
IF 1.929
Bohua Duan,Tao Zhou,Guo Yang,Donglin Yang,Dezhi Wang
Tungsten-nickel-manganese alloy is an excellent potential replacement of depleted uranium alloy for kinetic energy penetrator (KEP) due to its high self-sharpening effect. In this work, the 90W-4Ni-6Mn alloy was prepared by vacuum sintering, and the effects of the sintering temperature and oxygen content on its microstructure and properties were discussed. Sintering temperature had a great influence on the properties of tungsten heavy alloy. The optimal properties of 90W-4Ni-6Mn with the relative density of 99.43%, the W grain size of 3.80 μm, and the compressive strength of 2790 MPa were obtained at the sintering temperature of 1125 °C for 60 min under a vacuum of 10−2∼10−3 Pa. With the increase of oxygen content, the densification of powders became more difficult, and the microstructure homogeneity and mechanical properties of sintered samples decreased accordingly. The results provide a new effective way to prepare W–Ni–Mn alloy with high performance.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
金属学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2022
·
IF 5.532
Haoran Li,Yan Liu,JinJing Yang,Ming Yuan,Anle Sun,Tiesong Lin,Xuejian Liu,Zhengren Huang
A new La 2 O 3 -doped Y 2 O 3 crucible materials was fabricated and evaluated by TiAl alloys melting test. Microstructure and properties of the La 2 O 3 -doped Y 2 O 3 ceramics were systemically investigated. In addition, interfacial reaction mechanism of the La 2 O 3 -doped Y 2 O 3 crucible materials and TiAl alloys, together with oxygen content of TiAl alloys were discussed. Solid solution of La 3+ in the crystal lattice of Y 2 O 3 significantly improved sintering properties of the La 2 O 3 -doped Y 2 O 3 crucible materials and decreased the open porosity. Compared with pure Y 2 O 3 , when adding 15 wt% La 2 O 3 , the open porosity and strength retention ration after thermal shock test of the La 2 O 3 -doped Y 2 O 3 crucible materials changed from 10.8% to 3.9% and from 64% to 78%, respectively. The interfacial reaction between La 2 O 3 -doped Y 2 O 3 crucible materials and TiAl alloys belongs to physical dissolution, and no reaction products were found during the melting of TiAl alloys. When using the 15 wt% La 2 O 3 -doped Y 2 O 3 crucible materials to melt TiAl alloys, oxygen content of the TiAl ingot declined to 530 ppm, which was only one fourth of that using pure Y 2 O 3 materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
冶金工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
·
2022
·
IF 6.364
Yunsong Liu,Yuying Gao,Enhui Wang,Guangyao Chen,Enxia Xu,Fei Zhao,Yunsong Zhao,Chonghe Li,Xinmei Hou
The interfacial behavior between CaAl 12 O 19 -MgAl 2 O 4 spinel (CA 6 -MA) crucible and molten wrought Ni-based superalloys during the vacuum induction melting process have been comprehensively investigated, with Al 2 O 3 crucible included for comparison. Experimental and theoretical results suggest that CA 6 -MA crucible exhibits higher thermodynamic stability and poor wettability to the superalloy melt. Benefited from these merits, the superalloy ingot with cleaner surfaces and more metallic luster is obtained in the CA 6 -MA crucible. Furthermore, the total oxygen content in the superalloy ingots obtained from CA 6 -MA crucible is 17.9 ppm, which is considerably lower than that from Al 2 O 3 crucible (29.7 ppm). These results indicate that CA 6 -MA crucible can be a promising candidate for melting wrought Ni-based superalloys.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
冶金工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS
·
2019
·
IF 4.197
Shenghong Kang,Jialu Wang,Shengbo Zhang,Cuijiao Zhao,Guozhong Wang,Weiping Cai,Haimin Zhang
Here we report that the plasma-etching processed commercial titanium nitride (TiN-PE, PE represents plasma-etching) that was first treated by ball-milling method (TiN BM, BM represents ball-milling) is highly electrochemically active for the nitrogen (N 2 ) reduction reaction (NRR) to NH 3 . The results demonstrate that the TiN-PE as NRR electrocatalyst can deliver a yield rate of NH 3 of 3.32 × 10 −10 mol s −1 cm −2 (4.1 mg h −1 g cat. −1 ) with a Faradaic efficiency of 9.1% at −0.6 V ( vs. RHE) in 0.1 M Na 2 SO 4 solution (pH = 3.2). The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicates that the titanium oxynitride (TiO x N y ) with high oxygen content on TiN surface was significantly enhanced by this plasma-etching approach, which is electrocatalytically active species for NRR. The 15 N isotopic labeling experimental results using 15 N 2 as the feeding gas verify that the syntheized NH 3 product during NRR is composed of 15 N in 15 NH 4 + (the enrichement of 64%) and 14 N in 14 NH 4 + (the enrichment of 36%), indicating that the NRR process follows the Mars–van Krevelen mechanism.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
·
催化反应
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2025
·
IF 5.6
Chengzhi Xu,Lei Yang,Jieliang Su,Jianping Zhang,Jiakai Cao,Xiaodong Li,Gang He,Zhanggui Hu
Silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) with α -phase content ∼90.0 wt% and oxygen content ∼1.00 wt% was prepared by combustion synthesis method using recycled silicon waste from photovoltaic industry. The effects of reaction pressure and environmentally-friendly new additive C 3 H 6 N 6 on the phase composition, and morphology and reaction mechanism of the combustion synthesized α -Si 3 N 4 powder were studied. The results indicate that a lower N 2 pressure is conducive to increasing the α -phase content and reducing the oxygen content of the Si 3 N 4 powder. The addition of C 3 H 6 N 6 as an effective additive facilitates the deoxidation and nitridation reactions of recycled silicon waste, which further increases the α -phase content and reduces the oxygen content of the Si 3 N 4 powder. This work demonstrated that the recycled silicon waste from photovoltaic industry holds great promise to be used as the silicon source for the cost-effective synthesis of high quality α -Si 3 N 4 powder.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）