The oxygen sensing enhancement based on room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) of Gd-HMME adjusted by imidazole was studied. The phosphorescence intensity I P0 and the Stern-Volmer equations under different imidazole concentration were obtained, and the physical mechanism of imidazole regulating the oxygen quenching constant K SV was analyzed. It was found that the K SV value increased by ∼46 folds in the range of 12.4(1)–576.1(5) kPa −1 , and the large-scale variation of K SV is conducive to the realization of high precision oxygen concentration measurement in a wide range. In addition, the standard deviation σ of continuous measurement results was given, and the limit of detection (LOD) was determined to be 6.6 ppm.
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials are inspiring intensive research in optoelectronic applications. To date, most of the TADF materials are limited to metal-organic complexes and organic molecules with lifetimes of several microseconds/milliseconds that are sensitive to oxygen. We report a facial and general “dots-in-zeolites” strategy to in situ confine carbon dots (CDs) in zeolitic matrices during hydrothermal/solvothermal crystallization to generate high-efficient TADF materials with ultralong lifetimes. The resultant CDs@zeolite composites exhibit high quantum yields up to 52.14% and ultralong lifetimes up to 350 ms at ambient temperature and atmosphere. This intriguing TADF phenomenon is due to the fact that nanoconfined space of zeolites can efficiently stabilize the triplet states of CDs, thus enabling the reverse intersystem crossing process for TADF. Meanwhile, zeolite frameworks can also hinder oxygen quenching to present TADF behavior at air atmosphere. This design concept introduces a new perspective to develop materials with unique TADF performance and various novel delayed fluorescence–based applications.
The determination of the energy of the lowest triplet excited state (ET1) for metalloporphyrin photosensitizers, a key parameter for rationalizing energy transfer processes in metalloporphyrins, facilitates a better understanding and optimization of their functionality. In this study, a strategy was proposed for determining the ET1 values in metalloporphyrin systems by analyzing the temperature dependence of the oxygen quenching rate constant using time-resolved spectroscopy, with Platinum(II) octaethylporphyrin (PtOEP) and Palladium(II) octaethylporphyrin (PdOEP) as representative examples. Through a thermal equilibrium approximation of the excited triplet state (T1) and the excited state of oxygen, a theoretical model was introduced in which the oxygen quenching rate exhibits a nonlinear dependence on temperature, enabling the determination of ET1 values. Additionally, the validity of this approach was demonstrated through excitation spectra of metalloporphyrins. Our work provides an effective pathway and offers new insights into the energy-loss mechanisms involved in related photoconversion processes.