The solubility of methyleneaminoacetonitrile in binary (ethanol + water, ethanol + 2-propanol, ethanol + n -butanol) solvents was measured by a laser dynamic method under p = 101.1 kPa at temperatures ranging from 278.15 K to 323.15 K. The solubility increased with increasing temperature at a given solvent composition; the solubility also increased with the increasing content of ethanol at a given temperature. The modified Apelblat equation, λh equation and Jouyban-Acree model were used to correlate the experimental solubility data, the values of RD and RMSD indicated that these models fit solubility data well. The calculated thermodynamic properties of Δ sol H° , Δ sol S° , Δ sol G° showed that the dissolution process in binary solvents was endothermic and entropy-driven.
High-efficiency lithium extraction from salt lakes is pivotal to meet escalating lithium demand driven by energy storage and electric vehicle industries. In this study, the small-molecule aminoacetonitrile (AAN) was introduced as an aqueous-phase co -monomer to modulate the interfacial polymerization process between polyethyleneimine (PEI) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC). Specifically, the primary amine in AAN molecules reacted with acyl chloride moieties in TMC, occupying reaction sites and thereby preserving a larger fraction of unreacted primary amine groups on the PEI chains within the separation layer, which significantly enhanced the membrane's surface positive charge. Simultaneously, the nitrile groups of AAN preferentially coordinated with Li + ions to effectively counteract the repulsive effect of the strongly positively charged membrane surface on Li + . This “charge-coordination” synergistic mechanism enabled precise control over the separation process. When treating mixed salt solution with a Mg 2+ /Li + mass ratio of 100, the optimized membrane achieved a separation factor of 74.7, along with enhanced MgCl 2 rejection of 99.3 % compared to virgin membrane's 93.9 %, and reduced LiCl rejection from 56.3 % to 49.3 %. Notably, upon treatment of simulated salt lake brine, the membrane manifested a pronounced Li + enrichment effect, with a LiCl rejection rate of −8.8 % while retaining a high MgCl 2 rejection capacity. This study employed a simple preparation process with industrialization potential, providing a guiding strategy for constructing high-selectivity membranes for Mg 2+ /Li + separation.
We have demonstrated two improved methods for the synthesis of carbohydrate-based terminal allenes from propargyl or homopropargyl glycosides. The reaction of propargyl or homopropargyl glycosides with paraformaldehyde (2.5 equiv) in the presence of copper(I) iodide (10 mol%) and diisopropylamine (1.8 equiv) or copper(I) iodide (50 mol%) and dicyclohexylamine (1.8 equiv) produces sugar-linked terminal allenes in 50–79% yield.
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