CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2021
·
IF 13.273
Yu Li,Jie Li,Jia Ding,Zirong Song,Bochen Yang,Chuanming Zhang,Baohong Guan
The presence of nanoplastics in drinking water inducing inevitable exposure to human beings has aroused considerable attention. It is worth evaluating the degradation and even mineralization of nanoplastics in drinking water treatment plants designed for guaranteeing drinking water safety. Herein we mainly focus on the decomposition of nano-sized polystyrene plastics by two commonly used disinfection techniques, namely ozonation and chlorination. At recommended dosage for disinfection, ozonation achieves 99.9% molecular weight (MW) degradation and 42.7% mineralization of nano-sized polystyrene plastics in 240 min, while chlorination only attains 7.1% MW degradation and 4.3% mineralization. The overwhelming MW degradation is concentrated in first 30 min with 96.3% for ozonation and 4.2% for chlorination. With the proceeding of ozonation, the surface of nano-sized polystyrene plastics becomes rough and the particle size is decreased, during which the introduction of oxygen-containing groups on the surface of nano-sized polystyrene plastics increases the hydrophilicity of plastics, thus contributing to the further oxidative degradation to produce formic acid, phenol, acetophenone, hydroquinone and other products. However chlorination cannot roughen the surface of nano-sized polystyrene plastics, and only destroys a small amount of C-C bonds in main chain to form shorter chains polymers. This finding shows ozonation other than chlorination is available and effective for degradation of nano-sized polystyrene plastics, indicating that ozonation could be employed as a potential technique to tackle nanoplastics pollution in drinking water treatment plants.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
饮用水处理
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2021
·
IF 10.588
Jiafu Li,Jiahui He,Md. Tareq Aziz,Xiaocui Song,Ying Zhang,Zhiguang Niu
As a well known endocrine-disrupting and model chemical, bisphenol A (BPA) may pose a serious threat to human health, since it and its disinfection by-products (DBPs) have been detected in drinking water , urine, human colostrum, adipose tissue , and placenta samples. Although chlorinated BPAs (Cl-BPAs) and iodinated BPAs (I-BPAs) have been well studied, brominated BPAs (Br-BPAs), and mixed halogenated DBPs like bromo-iodo-BPAs (Br-I-BPAs), and bromo-chloro-iodo-BPAs (Cl-Br-I-BPAs) are less well understood. Notably, the role of iodide (I - ) during chlorination is not well understood, since the studies of the I-DBPs mainly focus on their genotoxicity and cytotoxicity. To understand the formation mechanisms of halogenated bisphenol A (HBPs) during chlorination with bromide (Br - ) and/or I - , and the role of I - during chlorination, three set of reactions were performed in the laboratory (“BPA + chlorine + Br - ”, “BPA + chlorine + I - ” and “BPA + chlorine + Br - +I - ” assigned as group A, B and C respectively). Thirty HBPs were identified and 18 of them were never reported before. I - increases the transformation rate of BPA into HBPs as I-BPAs act as intermediate HBPs during chlorination that easily react with HClO/ClO - and HBrO/BrO - to form Cl-BPAs and Br-BPAs. HIO/IO - showed higher reactivity towards BPA and HBPs than that of HBrO/BrO - and HClO/ClO - . The recycling of I - was observed in the reactions of “BPA + chlorine + I - ” and “BPA + chlorine + Br - +I - ”, which may explain why I - can induce BPA to transform into HBPs and suggests that I - may act as a catalyst during the BPA chlorination reactions. The reaction pathways are proposed which present the reactions of BPA and HBPs with HClO/ClO - , HBrO/BrO - , and HIO/IO - , as well as the recycling of I - . This study describes the potential DBP formation and transformation mechanisms of BPA and its 16 alternatives, as well as the role of I - on the transformation of phenol compounds during chlorination.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
化学
·
公共卫生
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 13.3
Sheng-Nan Li,Shu-Xian Zheng,Zi-Xuan Zheng,Yu Ling,Hai-Ming Wu,Hai Liu
The widespread use of chlorination prompts the selection of chlorine-resistant bacteria in drinking water, posing a great threat to public health. Herein, according to sequential electrochemical oxidation/reduction (Ox/Red) processes with a flow-through mode, electrochemical devices (ED) with sequential Ox-Red, Red-Ox and Ox-Red-Ox processes were coupled with chlorination (AC) to evaluate their synergistic effects and mechanisms for inactivation of chlorine-resistant bacteria in drinking water. ED/AC enabled ∼ 3.0 log of synergistic effect and ∼ 2.5 times lower energy consumption for inactivation of various chlorine-sensitive/-resistant bacteria and gram-positive/-negative bacteria in DI and tap waters. Especially, ED/AC with Ox-Red-Ox device exhibited the best disinfection performance with achieving over 6.7 log inactivation of Bacillus cereus at 4.0 V and 0.5 mg/L-Cl 2 as compared with ED alone (∼1.25 log) and AC (∼2.67 log) disinfection. The electrochemical oxidation on Ti 4 O 7 -based anode promoted the generation of free chlorine radicals and H + ions, which was accompanied with the formation of neutral HClO molecules. Characterizations of SEM and flow cytometer suggested that oxidative species of neutral HClO molecules and free chlorine radicals enhanced the bacterial inactivation via severe damages of cell structures. This work provided a promising strategy via coupling electrochemical oxidation and chlorination for eliminating chlorine-resistant bacteria in drinking water.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
微生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
WATER RESEARCH
·
2019
·
IF 7.913
Feilong Dong,Jianing Chen,Cong Li,Xingmao Ma,Jingjing Jiang,Qiufeng Lin,Chenhong Lin,Hongyan Diao
Disinfection is a key step in drinking water treatment process to prevent water-borne infections. However, reactions between chlorine, one of the most common disinfectants, and natural organic matter (NOM) often lead to the formation of hazardous disinfection byproducts (DBPs). However, the cytotoxicity of some DBPs is still poorly understood. Such knowledge is critical for proper selection of disinfection processes. We investigated the effects of DBPs on mouse acute liver injury. The exacerbation of liver damage increased with the DBPs concentrations, likely due to the increased hepatic macrophages. Haloacetonitriles (HANs) and haloketones (HKs) are more toxic to Human Hepatocellular (Hep3B) cells than trihalomethanes (THMs). Cytotoxicity of DBPs were governed by the halogen type (brominated DBPs > chlorinated DBPs) and the numbers of halogen atoms per molecule. Then, we used the pilot-scale WDS to study the best conditions for reducing the formation of DBPs. The result showed that the formation of DBPs followed the order: stainless-steel (SS) > ductile iron (DI) > polyethylene (PE) pipe. Higher flowrate promoted the formation of DBPs in all three pipes. The results suggest that the formation of DBPs in chlorine disinfection can be reduced by using PE pipes and low flow rate in water distribution systems (WDS).
研究领域:
毒理学
·
环境科学
·
公共卫生
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
MOLECULES
·
2024
·Vol. 29
·期 8
·1879
·
IF 4.2
Zhenyi Chen,Bangyu Chen,Hui Shen,Xunlin Li,Chen Zhou,Guangcai Ma,Xiaoxuan Wei,Xueyu Wang,Haiying Yu
In the face of ongoing water pollution challenges, the intricate interplay between dissolved organic matter and disinfectants like chlorine gives rise to potentially harmful disinfection byproducts (DBPs) during water treatment. The exploration of DBP formation originating from amino acids (AA) is a critical focus of global research. Aromatic DBPs, in particular, have garnered considerable attention due to their markedly higher toxicity compared to their aliphatic counterparts. This work seeks to advance the understanding of DBP formation by investigating chlorination disinfection and kinetics using tyrosine (Tyr), phenylalanine (Phe), and tryptophan (Trp) as precursors. Via rigorous experiments, a total of 15 distinct DBPs with accurate molecular structures were successfully identified. The chlorination of all three AAs yielded highly toxic chlorophenylacetonitriles (CPANs), and the disinfectant dosage and pH value of the reaction system potentially influence chlorination kinetics. Notably, Phe exhibited the highest degradation rate compared to Tyr and Trp, at both the CAA:CHOClratio of within 1:2 and a wide pH range (6.0 to 9.0). Additionally, a neutral pH environment triggered the maximal reaction rates of the three AAs, while an acidic condition may reduce their reactivity. Overall, this study aims to augment the DBP database and foster a deeper comprehension of the DBP formation and relevant kinetics underlying the chlorination of aromatic AAs.
研究领域:
环境科学
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水处理工程
·
毒理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CHEMOSPHERE
·
2018
·
IF 4.427
Cong Li,Qiufeng Lin,Feilong Dong,Yuanhao Li,Feng Luo,Kejia Zhang
Chlorination is essential to provide safe drinking water . However, this process leads to the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs). In this study, tryptophan (Trp) has been selected as a precursor to conduct the chlorine disinfection. Moreover, the factors that affect the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) and iodinated trihalomethanes (I-THMs) are investigated. The formation pathway of Trp chlorination is proposed based on the intermediate products identified. According to the experimental results, the formation of THMs and I-THMs during Trp chlorination fitted a new first-order kinetic model. The dosage of chlorine, temperature, pH and the ratio of bromide and iodide had major influence on the formation of THMs and I-THMs during chlorination. In addition, the inhibition of luminescent bacteria Vibrio fischeri in the water sample increased during Trp chlorination.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
水处理工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
·
2021
·
IF 6.498
Xiaoyi Lou,Zhiyuan Liu,Changling Fang,Yunyu Tang,Jie Guan,Yaoguang Guo,Xuan Zhang,Yongfu Shi,Dongmei Huang,Youqiong Cai
There exist two common processes in fishery culture, i.e. antibiotic addition to reduce disease in fishery, and chlorination disinfection to inhibit infectious pathogenic microorganisms . However, antibiotic residues might play important reverse side roles for both aquaculture water pollution and potential formation of chlorination side products. Herein, the transformation behaviour, intermediates analyses and conversion pathway of antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and potential generation of halogenated acetic acids (HAAs) in the process of chlorination in fishery water were examined, and the results revealed that the decomposing of SMX satisfied a pseudo first-order kinetic equation . Both the addition of available chlorine and high temperature had affirmative influences on the decontamination of SMX and production of HAAs, and the near-neutral pHs promoted the removal of SMX and generation of HAAs. Br − was favorable for the removal of SMX and yields of brominated acetic acids (Br-AAs). Based on the identified intermediate products, the transformation path of SMX in chlorination process was propounded, to wit, the C–S and S–N bonds in the SMX molecules were firstly cracked, and the primeval intermediate groups are then transformed to form chloroanilines, chlorophenols , etc., and subsequently, chlorophenols were chlorinated and ring-opened to generate toxic HAAs. This study might be meaningful to evaluate the effective removal of sulfonamide antibiotic residues and the potential generation of halogenated DBPs (H-DBPs) when chlorinated in aquaculture water.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
化学
·
生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
WATER RESEARCH
·
2019
·
IF 7.913
Tian-Yang Zhang,Bin Xu,Shijie Yao,Yaru Hu,Kuangfei Lin,Hui Ye,Changzheng Cui
Pre-chlorination and UV disinfection are two common processes in drinking water treatment plants. Sulfamethoxazole (SMX), an antibiotic widely detected in source water, was selected as a precursor to study the conversion of chlorine/nitrogen species and DBP formation in pre-chlorination/post-UV process. The combined chlorine (mainly organic chloramines) produced in pre-chlorination of SMX can self-degrade and release free chlorine back again as pre-chlorination time goes on. With free chlorine dose increasing, the self-degradation rate of combined chlorine increased obviously. But the combined chlorine stopped self-degrading and remained stable around 1 mg-Cl 2 /L after adding 0.30 mM chlorine for 30 min. Post-UV treatment after pre-chlorination can enhance the degradation and achieve a complete removal of combined chlorine (including organic chloramines). Deamination occurred during pre-chlorination/post-UV process and deamination amount (-NH 2 ) per SMX concentration was 0.19 M/M. Radicals in this process had no obvious influence on chlorine/nitrogen species conversion. Direct chlorination of SMX had the lowest DBP formation potentials while the application of pre-chlorination and UV enhanced them. Compared with UV treatment only, dichloroacetonitrile formation potential of SMX reduced by 1.58 × 10 −3 mol/mol-SMX (17.37 μg/l) after pre-chlorination/post-UV treatment. During pre-chlorination/post-UV/final-chlorination treatment of SMX, Br − and natural organic matter can enhance DBP formation and toxicity-weighted values. Acid conditions showed a very high DBP risk, while alkaline conditions could cut this risk obviously, especially for the toxicity-weighted values of these DBPs.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
水处理工程
·
公共卫生
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2015
·
IF 4.321
Wenhai Chu,Dongmei Li,Naiyun Gao,Daqiang Yin,Yanshen Zhang,Yanping Zhu
There has been a series of research work on exploring how disinfection by-products (DBPs) are formed from free amino acids (AAs) during chlorination in drinking water. Yet there is very limited information about the formation of carbonaceous DBPs (C-DBPs) and nitrogenous DBPs (N-DBPs) from the chlorination of those AAs in combined forms which are more abundant than free AAs in source waters. In this study, we compared the differences on the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs, representing C-DBPs) and haloacetonitriles (HANs, representing N-DBPs) from free AAs and combined AAs (short oligopeptides) during chlorination. And, the influence of the selected pre-oxidation processes (permanganate, persulfate, hydrogen peroxide) on THM and HAN formation during subsequent chlorination was also examined. There were significant differences in chloroform (CF), dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) and trichloroacetonitrile (TCAN) formation between free AAs and short oligopeptides, which was probably ascribed to the presence of peptide bond. Of note, the combined tyrosine (Tyr) in tripeptides (Tyr–Tyr–Tyr) formed more TCAN compared with free Tyr and other combined Tyr in dipeptides, and a novel possible formation pathway of TCAN from Tyr–Tyr–Tyr was proposed. In addition, the effect of three pre-oxidation on DBP formation was different, and their rank order was permanganate > persulfate > hydrogen peroxide. The permanganate is a better choice than persulfate and hydrogen peroxide for controlling AA derived HANs, but this benefit should be weighed against the potential drawback of increased regulated THMs.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
水处理工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
·
2022
·
IF 7.129
Xiaole Zhao,Xiaoyong Huang,Wenjing Peng,Muke Han,Xin Zhang,Kui Zhu,Bing Shao
Chlorinated disinfection byproducts in water posed potential health threat to humans. Nowadays, chlorinated derivatives of diazepam were ubiquitously detected in drinking water. Among these derivatives, 2-methylamino-5-chlorobenzophenone (MACB) was capable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and induced microglial phagocytosis of neurons in zebrafish. However, little is known about the MACB metabolism in vivo. Here, we determined the metabolism of MACB in zebrafish and microglia cell model. We found that MACB mainly disrupted the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids (Leu, Ile and Val) in zebrafish model and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) pathway-related amino acids in microglia model. Additionally, we demonstrated that MACB can be metabolized by the mixed-function oxidase CYP1A2 enzyme which could be inhibited by estrogen causing the gender-difference in the accumulation of MACB in vivo. These results indicated that MACB perturbed metabolism and induced neurological disorders, particularly in the female zebrafish.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
毒理学
·
神经生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2024
·Vol. 14
·期 46
·34338-34347
·
IF 3.9
Yingyue Zhou,Feng Zeng,Kunyan Cui,Longxia Lan,Hao Wang,Weiqian Liang
Microplastics (MPs) can cause adverse effects and pose potential threats to humans and the environment. In addition, dissolved organic matter leached from MPs (MP-DOM) is also a critical issue due to its ecotoxicity and potential to form disinfection by-products (DBPs) during the disinfection process of water treatment plants. However, limited information is available on the dynamic transformation of MP-DOM during UV irradiation and subsequent disinfection, which may further influence the formation of DBPs in MP-DOM. Herein, PSMPs-DOM were leached in aqueous solutions under UV irradiation and the samples were then chlorinated. PSMPs-DOM before and after chlorination were characterized by multiple spectral technologies and methods. With prolonged irradiation time, the aromaticity, molecular weight, humic-like substances and oxygen-containing functional groups of PSMPs-DOM increased, suggesting the continuous transformation of PSMPs-DOM. After chlorination, the aromaticity, molecular weight and humic-like substances of PSMPs-DOM decreased, among which the changes of C2 and oxygen-containing functional groups were more significant. Besides, the PSMPs-DOM formed under prolonged irradiation exhibited higher chlorine reactivity, owing to the more aromatic structures and unsaturated bonds. TCM, DCBM, DBCM and TBM were detected in all chlorinated PSMPs-DOM samples, while the PSMPs-DOM formed at the later stage of irradiation exhibited lower THMs formation potential. The correlation results showed that the conversion of humic-like substances in PSMPs-DOM affected the THMs formation potential, with photo-induced humic-like substance being a more dominant factor. This study provided more information on the relationship between the compositional transformation of MP-DOM and their potential to form DBPs, which may facilitate the assessment of potential toxicity associated with MPs-containing water, as well as the development of more effective water treatment methods.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
水处理工程
·
生态毒理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
·
2025
·
IF 7.2
Tao Yang,Xiujuan Kong,Ge Zeng,Maoju Jiang,Linqian An,Peng Su,Qixiao Lv,Jun Ma,Juan Li
Bromine (HOBr and OBr - ) can be rapidly formed in chlorine-involved processes in the presence of bromide (Br - ), and it significantly affects chlorine chemistry. The activation of chlorine by ultraviolet light A via light emitting diode (UVA-LED) is promising for disinfection and removal of organic contaminants in water treatment, while the bromine behavior therein remains unclear. In this study, the activation of bromine by UVA-LED (UVA-LED/bromine) was investigated to understand the bromine chemistry by selecting ibuprofen (IBP) and benzoic acid (BA) as the representatives. Bromine was readily decomposed into Br - and bromate by UVA photolysis with Br - being the major product. The apparent quantum yield of HOBr (0.589 ± 0.017 mol Einstein −1 ) and OBr - (0.0190 ± 0.0015 mol Einstein −1 ) kept stable at bromine concentrations of 20 – 200 μM, while it decreased as pH increased from 6.0 to 10.0. IBP and BA were rapidly degraded by the UVA-LED/bromine process under different conditions, and it could be well simulated by a kinetic model. Reactive bromine species (RBS, mainly Br• and Br 2 •- ) instead of hydroxyl radical (•OH) contributed predominantly therein. The efficiency of the UVA-LED/bromine process decreased in real waters, mainly due to negative effects of background constituents such as chloride, bicarbonate, and humic acid, as evidenced by both experiments and kinetic modeling. Brominated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) were generated during IBP and BA degradation, while their concentrations were within the regulation limit of drinking water. The results advance the bromine chemistry, and shed light on the UVA-LED photolyzed chlorine process in the presence of Br - .
研究领域:
环境科学
·
水处理工程
·
化学动力学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）