FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2020
·
IF 6.306
Xi Zhou,Huiqin Wu,Xiaolan Huang,Fang Hang,Huitai Luo
This study established a simple and rapid method for determination of short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (MCCPs) by dispersive liquid–liquid micro-extraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS) in white and red wines. Affecting variables, including extraction solvent, salt concentration, ultrasound-vortex conditions and ethanol content, were evaluated. Under optimized conditions, the limit of detection (LODs) for SCCPs and MCCPs were in the range of 0.15–3.00 ng mL −1 and 0.08–2.50 ng mL −1 , respectively. The spiked recoveries of SCCPs and MCCPs from white and red wine ranged from 63.2% to 127%. The method is precise with intra- and inter-day variations within 14.0% and 17.0%, respectively. SCCPs and MCCPs in wines from china varied widely, from
研究领域:
分析化学
·
食品安全
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES
·
2019
·
IF 2.813
Xi Zhou,Huiqin Wu,Xiaolan Huang,Fang Hang,Huitai Luo
This study established a simple and rapid method for simultaneous determination of short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (MCCPs) in human serum by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electron spray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS). A simple pretreatment procedure of protein precipitation by acetonitrile coupled with liquid-liquid extraction by n-hexane was employed for extraction and purification . The purified samples were separated by a PFP chromatographic column. This method could effectively eliminate the matrix effect by lipids and other matrix substances in serum samples with less time and solvent consuming. 76 congener groups of SCCPs and MCCPs with C 10 -C 17 and Cl 5 -Cl 13 were quantified by their [M-H] − ions. Method detection limit (MDL) were 1.0–8.0 ng mL −1 for ∑SCCPs and ∑MCCPs. Recoveries were 98.4 ± 4.42%, 98.8 ± 3.96% and 90.7 ± 2.79% for SCCPs and 93.1 ± 6.67%, 108 ± 1.21% and 90.8 ± 3.78% for MCCPs at spiking concentrations of 20, 50 and 200 ng·mL −1 , respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of intra- and inter-day variations were 1.41% and 9.84% for SCCPs, and 4.23% and 6.26% for MCCPs. The suitability of the developed method was demonstrated through the application to analysis of SCCPs and MCCPs in human serum samples.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
分析化学
·
毒理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
·
2015
·
IF 5.33
Ningbo Geng,Haijun Zhang,Baoqin Zhang,Ping Wu,Feidi Wang,Zhengkun Yu,Jiping Chen
Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) have attracted considerable attention for their characteristic of persistent organic pollutants. However, very limited information is available for their toxic effects at environmentally relevant doses, limiting the evaluation of their health risks. In this study, cell viability assay and targeted metabolomic approach was used to evaluate the environmental dose (<100 μg/L) effect of SCCPs on HepG2 cells. Cell viability was found to be decreased with increases in exposure dose of SCCPs. Exposure for 48 h to C10-CPs resulted in a significant reduction in cell viability compared with 24 h, even at 1 μg/L. SCCPs exposure altered the intracellular redox status and caused significant metabolic disruptions. As a kind of peroxisome proliferator, SCCPs specifically stimulated the β-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids and long-chain fatty acids. Meanwhile, SCCPs exposure disturbed glycolysis and amino acid metabolism, and led to the up-regulation of glutamate metabolism and urea cycle. The toxic effects of SCCPs might mainly involve the perturbation of energy production, protein biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism, and ammonia recycling.
研究领域:
毒理学
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代谢生物学
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环境健康科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
TOXICOLOGY LETTERS
·
2023
·
IF 3.5
Zhang Qian,Chuwei Li,Wei Zhao,Zhaowanyue He,Mengqi Xue,Shuxian Wang,Xi Cheng,Rujun Ma,Xie Ge
As a widespread environmental contaminant, short chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) has attracted great attention. However, the toxicity of SCCPs on male reproductive system remains ambiguous. In this study, we treated mice with SCCPs by gavage and investigated the toxic effects of SCCPs on testis . According to the results, the sperm parameters of mice were significantly reduced after exposure to 1, 10, 100 mg/kg body mass per day SCCPs for 35 days. SCCPs resulted in disorderly arranged seminiferous epithelium and increased apoptotic cells in testes. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments indicated that the oxidative stress was induced after SCCPs exposure, and dysfunction of nuclear factor erythroid-related factor (NRF2) signaling pathway played a role in this process. Moreover, resveratrol , an NRF2 activator, could alleviate the damage of SCCPs onmale reproductive system. Our study indicated that oxidative stress is the key point for explaining the testicular toxicity caused by SCCPs, and NRF2 could be used as a potential target for clinical treatment to alleviate the reproductive toxicity induced by SCCPs.
研究领域:
环境毒理学
·
生殖生物学
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药理学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
·
2025
·
IF 6.1
Xiao Xiao,Song Wang,Xin Zhang,Junyong Zheng,Dazhi Yang,Songlin Peng
The pollution issue of chlorinated paraffins has garnered widespread attention, with short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) being comprehensively banned by the Stockholm Convention due to environmental contamination concerns. Currently, long-chain chlorinated paraffins (LCCPs) are widely used, necessitating an assessment of their toxicological impact. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a type of multipotent stem cell with self-renewal, immunoregulatory, and tissue repair capabilities, exhibiting important biological functions. In this study, MSCs were used as a model to evaluate the toxicological effects of LCCP. Initially, cell proliferation experiments were conducted to assess the impact of LCCP on MSC proliferation. The results indicated a significant reduction in cell proliferation capacity. Further work revealed that LCCP treatment induced cell senescence, as evidenced by Sa-β-gal staining and the evaluation of senescence markers, including p16, p21, and p53. Furthermore, LCCP treatment led to inflammation and oxidative stress, as analyzed by corresponding marker molecules, and ultimately resulted in cell death. Based on these findings, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying LCCP-induced MSC senescence. In summary, this paper is the first study to systematically investigate the toxicological effects of LCCPs on stem cells. The current study demonstrates that LCCP induces MSC senescence, highlighting its potential toxicity. This research lays the foundation for further elucidating the toxicology of LCCP. This finding suggests that the use of LCCPs should be strictly controlled under rigorous regulation.
研究领域:
毒理学
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细胞生物学
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环境科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ChemNanoMat
·
2022
·Vol. 9
·期 2
·e202200473
·
IF 3.82
Zhitong Yang,Zhicheng Sun,Yibin Liu,Gongming Li,Zhenzhen Li,Chenyang Liu,Ting Wang,Yang Zhou
Graphical Microcapsules of long-chain chlorinated paraffin (MCP) were prepared by in-situ polymerization with melamine formaldehyde resin (MF) as shell material, and the flame retardant rigid polyurethane foam (MCP/RPUF) was obtained through introducing MCP as the flame retardant, which not only increases the thermal stability of long-chain chlorinated paraffin, but also achieves an efficient flame retardant effect of RPUF. To overcome the fire risk of rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) and the poor thermal stability of long-chain chlorinated paraffin (LCCP), the microcapsules of long-chain chlorinated paraffin (MCP) were prepared by in-situ polymerization with melamine formaldehyde resin (MF) as shell material, and the flame retardant rigid polyurethane foam (MCP/ RPUF) was obtained through introducing MCP as the flame retardant. Meanwhile, the core-shell composition, surface morphology, chemical composition, particle size distribution, and thermal stability of flame retardant microcapsules were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The characterization data indicated that the flame retardant microcapsules were successfully synthesized and had excellent particle size distribution. In addition, microcalorimeter (MCC), limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 vertical burning tests, scanning electron microscope (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and other methods were used to analyse the flame retardancy and carbon residue of rigid polyurethane foam. The results show that the 20% MCP/RPUF composite can pass the V-0 grade of UL-94 and reach the material flame retardant grade. Compared with pure RPUF, the peak heat release rate and total heat release of the MCP/RPUF composite are greatly reduced. Therefore, the addition of flame retardant microcapsule improves the graphitization degree and compactness of rigid polyurethane foam carbon slag, increasing the fire safety of the composite.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
·
2020
·
IF 6.551
Ningbo Geng,Yun Luo,Rong Cao,Xiaoyao Song,Fang Li,Feidi Wang,Yufeng Gong,Liguo Xing,Haijun Zhang,Jiping Chen
The toxic effect of high-dose of short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) has been extensively studied, however the possible health risks induced by SCCPs at low-dose remain largely unknown. In this study, a comprehensive toxicology analysis of SCCPs was conducted with the exposure levels from the environmental dose to the Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL) of 100 mg/kg/day. General toxicology analysis revealed inconspicuous toxicity of the environmental dose of SCCPs, high dose SCCP exposure inhibited the growth rate and increased the liver weight of rat. Metabolomics analysis indicated that SCCP-induced toxicity was triggered at environmentally relevant doses. First, inhibition of energy metabolism was observed with the decrease in blood glucose and the dysfunction of TCA cycle, which may have contributed to lower body weight gain in rats exposed to a high dose of SCCPs. Second, the increase of free fatty acids indicated the acceleration of lipid metabolism to compensate for the energy deficiency caused by hypoglycemia. Lipid oxidative metabolism inevitably leads to oxidative stress and stimulates the up-regulation of antioxidant metabolites such as GSH and GSSH. The up-regulation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and phospholipids composed of arachidonic acid indicates the occurrence of inflammation. Dysfunction of lipid metabolism can be an indicator of SCCP-induced liver injury.
研究领域:
毒理学
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环境科学
·
代谢组学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
·
2024
·
IF 6.2
Hanyu Liao,Xue Li,Huiming Zhang,Shanshan Yin,Yu Hong,Rong Chen,Fei Gui,Lei Yang,Jun Yang,Jianyun Zhang
Hearing loss is a common chronic sensory deficit that affects millions of people worldwide and has emerged as a significant public health concern. The association between environmental exposure to chemicals and the prevalence of hearing impairment has recently attracted increased attention. Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are a type of chemical compound that has been widely used and commonly detected in samples of both environmental and human origin. The knowledge of the toxicological effects of CPs, particularly its ototoxicity, remains limited at present. In this study, six commercial CPs were selected and evaluated using cochlea hair HEI-OC1 cells for their cytotoxicity, apoptosis, DNA damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and oxidative response. The cytotoxicity was observed after CPs exposure at high concentrations except for C-40 and was positively related to the chlorine content (Cl-content) in both CCK-8 and trypan blue assays. All 6 CPs induced cells apoptosis through caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway. CPs exposure induced DNA damage and stimulated ROS overproduction. Antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) could reverse the cytotoxicity and ROS accumulation caused by CPs exposure. The overexpression of ATF4 and CHOP indicated that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was involved in the CPs induced cytotoxicity. Thus, CPs induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis via ROS accumulation, ER stress and DNA damage and positively related to the Cl-content and our findings indicate that CPs may pose a risk of ototoxicity at environmental relevant exposure levels.
研究领域:
毒理学
·
环境健康
·
细胞生物学
·
分子生物学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
·
2025
·
IF 6.1
Mei Zhao,Qingkui Cui,Xiaohan Wang,Wei Chen,Dianfeng Han,Min Song,Junkui Yang,Long Xiao,Yingjiang Xu
An increase in medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (MCCPs) in marine ecosystems caused by large-scale production is a serious threat to aquatic organisms. However, its toxicity to marine organisms, especially the molecular mechanisms, is unclear. In this study, Paralichthys olivaceus fry were exposed to 1, 10, or 100 μg/L of MCCPs for 14 days. A comprehensive approach combining biochemical parameter detection, transcriptomic, and metabolomic methods was used to investigate the toxicity mechanisms. The enzymatic activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase increased with longer exposure time, while glutathione levels increased slightly, suggesting that the redox balance was disrupted. The level of malondialdehyde was highest on day 4, indicating oxidative damage. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that there were 23 differentially expressed genes at 1 µg/L, 3628 at 10 µg/L, and 2019 at 100 µg/L. It inhibited growth and development by influencing protein synthesis, glucose metabolism and other pathways. Metabolomic analysis showed that there were 152 differentially expressed metabolites at 1 µg/L, 186 at 10 µg/L, and 540 at 100 µg/L, primarily affecting lipid metabolism. Moreover, disruptions in nucleotide metabolism and signal transduction have been revealed using transcriptomics and metabolomics. In addition, several key protein (e.g., JNK, LPC, IGF1R) and metabolites (e.g., betaine, xanthosine) could initially be used as potential markers of MCCPs exposure, but further verification is still required. This study provides new insights into the potential effects of MCCPs on marine life.
研究领域:
海洋毒理学
·
环境科学
·
转录组学
·
代谢组学
·
水生生态学
·
分子生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Environmental Science-Advances
·
2025
·
IF 4.4
Jiaying Wang,Xue Wang,Zaihong Zhu,Saixia Ying,Kashif Hayat,Xiaoxia Bai,Shuren Liu,Xuexi Xiao,Chongwei Jin,Weiping Liu
Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) are widely found in the environment. However, limited information exists on the inter-media exchange and migration of SCCPs in the same region. In this study, a comprehensive survey of SCCPs was performed on various environmental substrates (including the surface soil, groundwater, and air) from a large petrochemical park in the Yangtze River Delta, and a total of 24 congener groups were measured. The SCCP concentrations, spatial variations, congener group profiles, and environmental behaviors during the water–land–atmosphere cycle in a typical industrial area were investigated. The ΣSCCP concentrations in the surface soil and groundwater within the petrochemical factory and in the atmosphere in the petrochemical factory perimeter were 108–745 ng g−1, 1133–2994 ng L−1 and 12.1–30.5 ng m−3, respectively. The concentrations and homologue patterns of SCCP significantly varied across different sampling sites, which was attributed to the distances between the sampling sites and workshops, as well as the diverse CP products or byproducts involved in the processing activities. The congener profile revealed that C10Cl8,9 and C13Cl8,9 were the major SCCP homologue groups in the soil within the petrochemical park, whereas C10Cl5–7 and C13Cl5–7 were the predominant congeners in the groundwater, and C12,13Cl7,8 was the dominant SCCP congener group in the atmosphere around the petrochemical park. With respect to the air-soil and soil–water exchange behaviors, the majority of fugacity fraction values for the air–soil and soil–groundwater samples were less than 0.3 and greater than 0.7, respectively, indicating the dominant deposition of SCCP congeners from the air to the soil and permeation into groundwater from the soil within the petrochemical park. To date, the preliminary risk assessments have indicated that SCCPs pose a low ecological risk in the petrochemical zone and pose a low risk to humans through dust ingestion and dermal contact.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
环境化学
·
产业生态学
·
大气化学
·
水文学
·
土壤科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
·
2019
·
IF 5.589
Xia Wang,Jianbo Zhu,Baida Kong,Bingnan He,Lai Wei,Yuanxiang Jin,Yudong Shan,Weitao Wang,Chunqiang Pan,Zhengwei Fu
Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs, C 10–13 ) were listed as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) by the Stockholm Convention in 2017 and pose extensive exposure risks to humans. To our knowledge, there have been no studies reporting the immmunomodulatory effects of SCCPs until now. C 9 -CPs have also been shown to be present in the environment. In this study, adult male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 1, 10, or 100 mg/kg/d C 9–13 -CPs by gavage for 28 d. The results showed that compared to those of the controls, exposure to C 9–13 -CPs led to increased spleen weight, delimited germinal centers, enhanced energy metabolism, and elevated glutathione content, but no variation in the malonaldehyde level in the spleen was observed. Exposure to C 9–13 -CPs also increased the populations of splenic lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, NK cells, and the ratio of the CD3 + /CD19 + subsets and CD4 + /CD8 + subsets compared to those of the controls. RNA-seq revealed 424 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (fold change ≥ 1.5, FDR < 0.05) in the spleen between the control group and the 100 mg/kg/d C 9–13 -CPs-treated group. KEGG analysis demonstrated that folate biosynthesis, pathways in cancer and thyroid hormone signaling were the three most significantly enriched pathways, and despite not reaching statistical significance, some immune-related pathways were also enriched in the KEGG functional enrichment analysis, including the chemokine signaling pathway (FDR < 0.0584), the NF-κB signaling pathway (FDR < 0.0663), Th17 cell differentiation (FDR < 0.0839), and the Jak-STAT signaling pathway. Moreover, compared to those of the controls, exposure to C 9–13 -CPs enhanced the Concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated cultured splenocyte proliferation, while the exposure showed no effect on the splenocyte proliferation that was stimulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Taken together, these results demonstrated that subacute exposure to C 9–13 -CPs could have immunomodulatory effects in mice. The present study helps to provide an understanding of the comprehensive health risks posed by C 9–13 -CPs.
研究领域:
毒理学
·
免疫学
·
分子生物学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 4.7
Xiaojing Li,Yichen Bai,Yanju Bi,Qian Wu,Shiwen Xu
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) has caused large-scale pollution worldwide and posed a threat to non-target organisms. Baicalein (BAI) is a flavonoid extract with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The gills are the mucosal immune organ and the first physical barrier of fish. However, it is not clear whether BAI counteracts organophosphorus pesticide CPF exposure-caused gill damage. Therefore, we established the CPF exposure and BAI intervention models by adding 23.2 μg/L CPF in water and/or 0.15 g/kg BAI in feed for 30 days. The results showed that CPF exposure could cause gill histopathology lesions. Moreover, CPF exposure led to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, caused oxidative stress and Nrf2 pathway activation, and triggered NF-κB-mediated inflammation reaction and necroptosis in carp gills. BAI adding effectively relieved the pathological changes, and lighten inflammation and necroptosis involving in the elF2α/ATF4 and ATF6 pathways through binding to GRP78 protein. Moreover, BAI could ease oxidative stress, but did not affect Nrf2 pathway in carp gills under CPF exposure. These results suggested that BAI feeding could alleviate necroptosis and inflammation against chlorpyrifos toxicity through elF2α/ATF4 and ATF6 axis. The results partially explained the poisoning effect of CPF, and showed BAI could be act as an antidote for organophosphorus pesticides.
研究领域:
环境毒理学
·
水生生物学
·
药理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）