FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL
·
2014
·
IF 2.115
Binling Zhu,Liang Meng,Kefang Zheng
Recently a new type of mixed drug oral solution has become prevalent in China, the identification and quantitative inspection of which are demanded in conviction and sentencing as well as drug intelligence. In 2013, inspection was carried out on 86 bottles of substances seized in 13 cases with the adoption of GC–MS methodology for qualitative identification and GC–FID for quantitative identification. 94.1% of the samples were light yellow turbid liquid while 95.3% were detected with more than two drugs. Detection rate of methamphetamine, MDMA and ketamine was up to 89.5%, 37.2% and 83.7% respectively. Quantitative inspection results indicated that concentrations of methamphetamine, MDMA , ketamine were 0.04–13 mg/mL, 0.04–29 mg/mL and 0.1–34 mg/mL, respectively. Appearance, composition and drug concentration of samples vary from case to case.
研究领域:
毒理学
·
分析化学
·
法医学
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS
·
2025
·
IF 3.1
Zihe Yang,Linjie Li,Bin Deng,Yusen Xu,Yujing Du,Yongning Lv,Xuejia Zhai
Major depressive disorder is a severe mental condition characterized by abnormalities in the structure and function of the brain. Ketamine is a novel antidepressant that has rapid effects on depression. This drug is clinically used to treat depression in patients with acute suicidal ideation or behavior. It is typically administered at a dose of 84 mg. However, the distribution of ketamine in the body after intranasal administration, particularly in the brain, remains unknown. In the present study, we utilized a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method to measure ketamine concentrations in rat plasma and several tissues. The measurement ranges were 5–8000 ng/mL for the plasma samples and 5–5000 ng/mL for the tissue samples. The pharmacokinetic profile revealed that the rat plasma ketamine concentration rapidly spiked to a peak of 8002 ng/mL within about 5 min, followed by a rapid decline, nearly reaching 0 ng/mL by about 3 h; the half-life was 27 min. Tissue distribution results revealed that ketamine concentrations in different tissues peaked at 5 min. The highest concentration was noted in the kidneys, followed by the liver. In the rat brain regions, ketamine was primarily concentrated in the hypothalamus and hippocampus, with lower concentrations in the striatum and prefrontal cortex. Our novel methodological approach and findings provide a significant theoretical foundation for using ketamine in clinical settings.
研究领域:
药理学
·
神经科学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
·
2012
·
IF 4.531
Kaoqi Lian,Pingping Zhang,Lingmei Niu,Siyuan Bi,Shipeng Liu,Lingling Jiang,Weijun Kang
A new method was developed for determination of ketamine (KT) in urine and plasma samples by derivatization and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. In this article, KT was first derivatized with sodium nitrite to volatile N-nitrosamines under acidic condition. Then the derivative had been identified by the mass spectra. The derivatization conditions including the amount of hydrochloric acid, the amount of sodium nitrite, reaction temperature, reaction time and the extraction reagents were optimized. Calibration curves were linear in the range of 0.04–20 μg mL −1 for KT, and the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.01 μg mL −1 and 0.04 μg mL −1 , respectively. The results of recovery indicated that the method had good precision and reproducibility. Compared with existing derivatization methods, this method provided a rapid, convenient, effective and low-cost way for gas chromatography method of KT quantification.
研究领域:
分析化学
·
医学检验
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Environmental Science and Ecotechnology
·
2024
·
IF 14
Zhenglu Wang,Jindong Xu,Wei Du
The coexistence of caffeine (CF) and ketamine (KET) in surface waters across Asia has been widely reported. Previous studies have implied that CF and KET may share a mechanism of action. However, the combined toxicity of these two chemicals on aquatic organisms remains unclear at environmental levels, and the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here we demonstrate that KET antagonizes the adverse effects of CF on zebrafish larvae by modulating the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic synapse pathway. Specifically, KET (10–250 ng L −1 ) ameliorates the locomotor hyperactivity and impaired circadian rhythms in zebrafish larvae induced by 2 mg L −1 of CF, showing a dose-dependent relationship. Additionally, the developmental abnormalities in zebrafish larvae exposed to CF are mitigated by KET, with an incidence rate reduced from 26.7% to 6.7%. The competition between CF and KET for binding sites on the GABA-A receptor ( in situ and in silico ) elucidates the antagonistic interactions between the two chemicals. Following a seven-day recovery period, the adverse outcomes of CF exposure persist in the fish, whereas the changes observed in the CF + KET groups are significantly alleviated, especially with KET at 10 ng L −1 . Based on these results, it is imperative to further assess the environmental risks associated with CF and KET co-pollution. This pilot study underscores the utility of systems toxicology approaches in estimating the combined toxicity of environmental chemicals on aquatic organisms. Moreover, the nighttime behavioral functions of fish could serve as a sensitive biomarker for evaluating the toxicity of psychoactive substances.
研究领域:
生态毒理学
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神经生物学
·
环境科学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ANALYTICAL SCIENCES
·
2019
·Vol. 35
·期 11
·1209-1213
·
IF 1.618
Si-qin-gao-wa HAN,Xinxuan CHEN,Chen ZHANG,Hang ZHAO,Shuang LIN,Yanhua ZHANG,Wu-Li-Ji HASI
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has gradually proved to be a powerful tool with wide applications in various fields. Here, a simple and rapid SERS method was developed for the determination of ketamine in urine based on silver aggregates as a SERS substrate. Ketamine in urine were demonstrated by the SERS technique with silver sol aggregated by a 0.5 M NaBr solution. The limit of detection for ketamine in urine could be obtained as low as 7.5 ppm, and a linear relationship for ketamine in urine between the Raman intensity and the concentrations was achieved in the range from 7.5 to 150 ppm (R2 = 0.977). Additionally, the recovery of this method ranged from 95.7 to 104.9%, which laid a favorable foundation for the rapid and reliable quantitative detection of ketamine in urine. Therefore, this SERS approach with high sensitivity and simplicity has a great prospect for the real-world application of ketamine in urine.
研究领域:
分析化学
·
法医学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
BIOMEDICAL CHROMATOGRAPHY
·
2015
·Vol. 30
·期 1
·81-84
·
IF 1.723
Congcong Wen,Meiling Zhang,Yuan Zhang,Fa Sun,Jianshe Ma,Lufeng Hu,Guanyang Lin,Xianqin Wang
In this study, we developed a brain metabolomic method, based on gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS), to evaluate the effect of ketamine on rats. Pattern recognition analysis, including both principal component analysis and partial least squares-discriminate analysis revealed that ketamine induced metabolic perturbations. Compared with the control group, the levels of glycerol, uridine, cholesterol in rat brain of the ketamine group (50 mg/kg, 14 days) decreased, while the urea levels increased. Our results indicate that metabolomic methods based on GC/MS may be useful to elucidate ketamine abuse through the exploration of biomarkers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
研究领域:
药理学
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代谢组学
·
神经科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
·
2019
·Vol. 26
·期 23
·23593-23602
·
IF 2.914
Zhang Xiaohan,Huang Riheng,Li Ping,Ren Yuan,Gao Jianfa,Mueller Jochen F.,Thai Phong K
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been widely used as a complementary method for estimating consumption of illicit drugs in the population. Temporal drug consumption estimates derived from WBE can provide important information for law enforcement and public health authorities in understanding changes in supply and demand of illicit drugs, but currently lacking in China. In this study, influent wastewater samples from a municipal sewage treatment plant in Guangzhou, China were collected for 8 weeks to investigate the temporal change in consumption of six illicit drugs in the catchment. The results indicated that methamphetamine and ketamine were the dominant illicit drugs in Guangzhou with the per capita use of 14.7–470.7 mg/day/1000 people and 64.9–673.7 mg/day/1000 people, respectively. No distinct weekly patterns were observed for illicit drug consumption in Guangzhou, indicating that drug users are likely to be regular ones. Further assessment about the impact of public holidays on the consumption behavior of drugs showed little impact for ketamine ( p = 0.689), but higher consumptions of methamphetamine ( p = 0.003) and cocaine ( p = 0.027) were observed during public holidays than the control period. The considerable decrease in drug consumption observed in October 2017 compared with January and May 2017 was possibly the consequence of law enforcement action.
研究领域:
公共卫生
·
毒理学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE CHINESE CHEMICAL SOCIETY
·
2012
·Vol. 59
·期 7
·879-883
·
IF 0.678
Jing Zhou,Ying Xu,Le Wang,Jie Liu,Yamin Li,Baoxian Ye
An ultrastable chemical modified electrode (CME) was fabricated conveniently based on gold film by pulse plating of chloroauric acid on Pt disk electrode. As a novel modifying method of making CME, the CME was characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and used as a voltammetric sensor for Ketamine. This thin gold film modified electrode exhibited excellent electrocatalysis to Ketamine oxidation. Based on this CME, detection of Ketamine by voltammetry was first erected with a fast-response and wide responding linear range. Further experiments demonstrated that this CME has good stability, repeatability and reproducibility. The established method is accurate, reliable, and can be used for the quality control of Ketamine hydrochloride injection.
研究领域:
分析化学
·
电化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
NANO
·
2019
·
IF 1.293
Jing Zhou,Gaoling Zhao,Wangwei Lu,Lingtong Zhan,Gaorong Han
Nanocarrier-based biological fluorescent probes for ketamine and amphetamine have been prepared by conjugating red and green fluorescent nanoparticles (150-nm-sized) with anti-ketamine and anti-amphetamine antibodies, respectively, with the assistance of carbodiimide/ N -hydroxysuccinimide. Biological fluorescent probes for ketamine and amphetamine could simultaneously detect these two drugs within a single fingermark by one-step test. Nanoparticles as carrier played dual-functional roles for not only fingermark visualization but also drug recognition. Latent fingermarks were visualized by the fluorescence signal generated from nanoparticles. The developed fingermarks clearly revealed ridge pattern and sufficient minutiae for individual identification. Ketamine and amphetamine were recognized by simply observing the colors of fluorescent images when the fingermark was checked in red and green channels. Detection limit of ketamine or amphetamine was 50 ng in fingermark. This work therefore provides a novel nanocarrier-based strategy of drug detection as well as personal identification with high selectivity, low background interference and fast testing, which can be further broadened to other drugs and molecules.
研究领域:
分析化学
·
法医学
·
纳米生物学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
·
2024
·
IF 1.9
Yue Xiao,Shuai Yuan,Ruxin Luo,Yiling Tang,Xin Wang,Ping Xiang,Bin Di
The ketamine (KET) and its analogs consumed by humans are becoming emerging contaminants (ECs), as they at present in surface waters after being carried through wastewater systems. Drugs in wastewater can be analyzed using the direct-injection method, a simple wastewater analysis (WWA) method that can provide objective, continuous and nearly to real-time findings. This article describes an ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) method for the simultaneous quantification and confirmation of seven KET-based ECs in wastewater by direct injection. After optimization of the UPLC–MS/MS and sample pretreatment conditions, the method was validated and applied to samples (n = 157) collected from several wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in southern China in which KET had the highest detection rate. The established direct-injection method was not only simple to perform but also had better sensitivity, shorter detection times, and analyzed more KET-based ECs than currently published methods, meeting the requirements for the monitoring and high-throughput analysis of common KET-based ECs. We also analyzed the fragmentation pathway of KET-based ECs to obtain product ion information on other unknown substances. Additional studies are needed to establish a comprehensive direct-injection screening method of ECs in wastewater on model-based assessment.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
分析化学
·
毒理学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CHEMOSPHERE
·
2021
·
IF 7.086
Shuiping Dai,Zhenglu Wang,Ying Yang,Xiqing Li
Although ketamine (KET) has been widely detected in aquatic environments, the ecotoxicity data in aquatic invertebrates and associated risk remained unclear. This study aimed to investigate the adverse effects on benthos ( Caenorhabditis elegans ( C.elegans )) posed by KET from chronic (10 days) and multigenerational (four generations) exposure. Such exposure induced dose-dependent alterations on apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) induction, locomotion activity, feeding rate, chemotaxis, and brood size of nematodes, showing a cumulative damage through generations. KET posed vulva deformations and worm bags of C. elegans with a dosed-dependent increase. As a consequence, the fecundity and viability of worms would be impaired, which could eventually impact aquatic ecosystem equilibrium. Meanwhile, the bioactivation/detoxification process of xenobiotics and longevity regulating pathway induced by KET might be responsible for the physiological function disorders. Accordingly, the risk quotients (RQ) of KET in surface water in China were calculated using the 90% indicator protection concentration (C 0.1 ) derived from multiple toxicity indicators cumulative analyses. The results would be more objective considering numerous biomarkers changes of one species in comparison with traditional method using no observed effect concentrations (NOEC) of teratogenesis . The risk in surface water in southern China was up to high level (RQ > 1), suggesting long-term monitoring was imperative.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
毒理学
·
水生生物学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
NEUROTOXICOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 3.9
Hong Yang,Weihao Fan,Xinyu Yang,Ying Wei,Li Xiao,Hongkun Yang,Linzhi Jiang,Jian Li,Kaiting Shi,Shuang Zhao,Lin Yang,Yi Ye,Linchuan Liao
Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, exhibits both therapeutic potential and abuse liability. However, the spatial distribution of ketamine across brain regions remains poorly characterized. Meanwhile, elucidating the mechanism underlying ketamine-induced psychiatric disorders through the investigation of metabolite alterations in the specific brain regions targeted by ketamine is of crucial significance. This study investigated the neurochemical effects of chronic ketamine administration in C57BL/6 mice using in situ mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) and metabolomics. Mice treated with ketamine (30 mg/kg daily for 15 days) exhibited increased anxiety-like behaviors without cognitive deficits. MSI revealed ketamine accumulation in the cerebral cortex, midbrain, and cerebellum, while the key neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) distribution shifted toward thalamic and striatum regions. The prefrontal cortex and cerebellum were selected as targeted brain regions for metabolomics analysis based on the MSI results. In metabolomics results, 73 and 134 differential metabolites in the prefrontal cortex and cerebellum were identified, respectively, predominantly linked to Alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, Estrogen signaling pathway, and GABAergic synapse pathways. This study integrated behavioral assessments, in situ MSI, and metabolomics to visually resolve and multidimensionally correlate ketamine's spatial distribution in the brain with region-specific metabolic changes in a ketamine-induced anxiety model. The findings reveal distinct neurochemical disruptions across brain regions and offer a groundwork for further elucidating the mechanisms of ketamine-related anxiety.
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
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