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Blocking pore design enables highly reversible lithium–chlorine batteries

Junwei Han,Xinru Wei,Guanzhong Ma,Han Wang,Yiming Sun,Zihui Liu,Lu Zhao,Chenyu Ma,Qihao Liu,Wenting Feng,Debin Kong,Wei Lv,Quan-Hong Yang,Linjie Zhi

Rechargeable lithium–chlorine (Li–Cl2) batteries are recognized as powerful candidates for energy storage due to high energy density and adaptability in harsh environments. However, porous materials used in Li–Cl2 battery cathodes exhibit poor confinement of active chlorine species, which significantly challenges the rechargeability of batteries. Herein, we propose a blocking pore design to enable strong confinement and highly reversible conversion of chlorine species, where a narrow pore-entrance blocking effect confines LiCl growth in the pore body and suppresses Cl2 spillage from the pores. As a result, the obtained Li–Cl2 battery demonstrates a high gravimetric capacity of 3863 mAh g−1, along with a super-long cycle life (750 cycles) and remarkable rate capability (616 mAh g−1 at 30 A g−1). This work presents a novel chlorine confinement mechanism to improve the reversibility of chlorine conversion in metal-chlorine batteries.