The study investigated the effects and mechanisms of clay content, emulsion water content, pH, and metal cations on clay-crude oil emulsions. The results indicate the following: 1) At a water content of 50 V/V%, montmorillonite can form emulsions with crude oil at different concentrations, with the highest stability observed at 5 wt% content. In contrast, chlorite, illite, and kaolinite cannot form emulsions at low concentrations. 2) Under acidic conditions, montmorillonite, illite, and chlorite cannot form emulsions with crude oil, or the emulsions are highly unstable. However, kaolinite forms more stable emulsions under acidic conditions. In alkaline environments, emulsions formed by all clay minerals exhibit increased stability. 3) The order of the effectiveness of different metal cations in reducing the stability of montmorillonite-crude oil emulsions is K+ > Na+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+, while for chlorite, illite, and kaolinite, it is Mg2+ > Ca2+ > K+ > Na+. 4) The factors that influence the stability of clay-crude oil emulsions are the arrangement of clay particles in water and the dispersion capability of clay particles in water. The most significant influencing factor is the arrangement of clay particles in water.
Yinghai Shao,Yuhan Zhang,Haoqian Luo,Lei Wang,Yuguo Peng,Jipeng Cao,Lanjie Xu,Yue Zhang,Junchi Ma
Conductive silk-based composites, prepared via surface modification techniques, have found extensive applications in wearable sensor technologies due to their excellent bio-compatibility and mechanical toughness. However, there is a critical limitation of traditional silk-based strain sensors that failing under hydrated conditions. Herein, we developed a waterproof strain sensor based on superhydrophobic and conductive tussah silk (SCTS) via a facile coating strategy that synergistically combined the carbon composite (one-dimensional hydrophobic MWCNTs, zero-dimensional hydrophobic CB, and TPU) with silk skeleton. The coating exhibited unprecedented mechanical robustness, the superhydrophobicity maintained stable even after stretching cycles (50 % strain), impacts, hand-kneading, and sandpaper abrasion, attributed to elasticity and strong adhesion of the TPU. Additionally, the SCTS sensor demonstrated exceptional strain sensing capabilities, featuring a wide sensing range (up to 120 % strain), high sensitivity (GF of 7.52), and superior cyclic stability (exceeding 500 cycles at 20 % strain). Owing to these merits, this wearable sensor was successfully applied for monitoring human motions under hydrated environment. Most important, it could even operate in water that traditional silk-based sensors cannot realize. The proposed tussah silk based sensor, integrated bio-inspired superhydrophobicity with strain response functionality, offered transformative potential for aqueous-environment applications ranging from marine exploration to medical diagnostics.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）