Cinnamomumcamphoraseed kernels (CCSKs) are rich in phytochemicals, especially plant extracts. Phytochemicals play a vital role in therapy due to their strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Extracts from CCSK can be obtained through multiple steps, including pretreatment, extraction and purification, and the purpose of pretreatment is to separate the oil from other substances in CCSKs. However,C. camphora seed kernel extracts (CKEs) were usually considered as by-products and discarded, and their potential bioactive values were underestimated. Additionally, little has been known about the effect of pretreatment on CKE. This study aimed to investigate the effects of pretreatment methods (including the solvent extraction method, cold pressing method, aqueous extraction method and sub-critical fluid extraction method) on the extraction yields, phytochemical profiles, volatile compounds and antioxidant capacities of different CKE samples. The results showed that the CKE samples were rich in phenolic compounds (15.28–20.29%) and alkaloids (24.44–27.41%). The extraction yield, bioactive substances content and in vitro antioxidant capacity of CKE pretreated by the sub-critical fluid extraction method (CKE-SCFE) were better than CKEs obtained by other methods. CKE pretreated by the solvent extraction method (CKE-SE) showed the best lipid emulsion protective capacity. Moreover, the volatile substances composition of the CKE samples was greatly influenced by the pretreatment method. The results provided a fundamental basis for evaluating the quality and nutritional value of CKE and increasing the economic value of by-products derived from CCSK.
Lu Yuanchao,Hou Rongrong,Li Mengren,Yu Ningxiang,Huan Weiwei,Nie Xiaohua,Meng Xianghe
Camellia oleifera Abel is a traditional and high-quality oil source in China, characterized as polyphenols. This study evaluated how extraction methods impacted the phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities of Camellia oils. The contribution rates of phenolic profiles to antioxidant activities were investigated. HPLC and UPLC-Triple-TOF/MS demonstrated that phenolic content significantly varied with extraction methods while phenolic profiles were not. Herein, 15, 15, 17, 14, and 14 compounds were identified in mechanical pressing (MP), solvent extraction-hexane (SE-H), solvent extraction-ethanol (SE-E), aqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE), aqueous extraction (AE) oils, respectively. Results presented that SE-E oils were rich in phenolic acids (caffeic acid and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde), while AE oils were abundant in flavonoids (rutin and quercetin). Besides, the antioxidant activities of AEE and AE oils were significantly higher than other oils, originating from flavonoids (rutin and quercetin) and non-phenolics (rhododendron acid). Furthermore, Camellia oils from five extraction methods were remarkably classified by principal component analysis based on phenolic categories and antioxidant activities. It was assumed that low-polar and high-polar phenolic profiles were simultaneously transferred into SE-E oils, while only low-polar phenolic profiles (mainly flavonoids) were extracted into AE or AEE oils. The antioxidative origin of Camellia oils was ascribed to rutin, quercetin, and rhododendron acid. Our results provided an in-depth understanding of Camellia oils on phenolic profiles and the relationship between extraction methods and antioxidant activities.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）