JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
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2024
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IF 5.9
Yinhai Pan,Du Wei,Shuo Yao,Haijun Zhang,Quanzhi Tian
Coal gasification slag (CGS) is rich in Li and Ga. However, few studies have focused on the extraction of Li and Ga from CGS. In the present study, the leaching of Li and Ga from CGS calcined with the alkali reagents including NaOH, KOH, Na 2 O 2 , Na 2 CO 3 and K 2 CO 3 were studied through water leaching and solid characterizations including XRD, TG-DSC and NMR. The best leaching percentages of Li and Ga from NaOH-, KOH-, Na 2 O 2 -, Na 2 CO 3 - and K 2 CO 3 -roasted products were 40.81% and 47.89%, 41.19% and 31.60%, 28.04% and 52.40%, 28.21% and 48.58%, and 34.29% and 38.61%, respectively, showing Li and Ga are difficult to be leached out. It has been proven that the formation of insoluble crystal substances (such as NaAlSiO 4 ) in alkali fusion products inhibits the leaching of Li and Ga. In addition, Li and Ga can be released from the insoluble crystal substances due to Na 2 SiO 3 in alkali fusion products can promote the dissolution of insoluble crystal substances into SiO 4 and AlO 4 species, which can improve the leaching of Li and Ga. However, part of the released Li and Ga are stabled in the structure of amorphous substances generated by SiO 4 and AlO 4 species in the form of isomorphism, reducing the leaching of Li and Ga. Thus, this work would provide guidance for the leaching of Li and Ga from CGS.
研究领域:
化学工程
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材料科学
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环境科学
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DOI
高影响因子
GREEN CHEMISTRY
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2025
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IF 9.2
Duanmei Song,Beikai Zhang,Hongbiao Du,Jing Wu,Jiadong Yu,Jinhui Li
The global boom in electric vehicles has led to an alarming accumulation of lithium-ion battery waste. Battery recycling technologies have primarily focused on cathode metal recovery, while the contaminated anode graphite has been severely neglected. Conventional graphite recovery methods require multiple acid washes or prolonged high-temperature treatment and consume large amounts of energy and chemicals. Here, we develop an ultra-fast carbon thermal shock and water leaching (CTSW) method, which can transiently realize the complete stripping of anode materials, enable 100% recovery of graphite and copper foil, and recover valuable lithium resources. Specifically, carbon thermal shock (CTS) introducing auxiliary media (CaCO3, Al2O3, etc.) promotes lithium aggregation from the interior to the surface of graphite, converts insoluble LiF to Li2CO3, achieves deep leaching of >99.5% lithium, and immobilizes the hazardous byproduct, HF, to metal fluoride. Compared to conventional hydrometallurgy, LCA analysis shows that our CTSW method has a significantly lower environmental impact, energy, and cost.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境工程
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能源技术
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DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
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2024
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IF 7.4
Qiuping Li,Shaopeng Gu,Liang Yu,Funian Han,Jingmeng Dong,Chunmei Li,Jiaqi Jia
An effective and environment-friendly method for preparing NaVO 2 , which can be used as an energy storage material, from Na 2 CO 3 roasted vanadium-chromium slag was proposed using water as the leaching medium. Vanadium-chromium slag with 30 % Na 2 CO 3 was heated in air and argon atmospheres from 30 °C to 1000 °C, respectively. The results show that vanadium compounds converted to NaVO 3 while chromium compounds to Na 2 CrO 4 under air. NaVO 3 and Na 2 CrO 4 were water-soluble making the separation of vanadium and chromium complicated. NaVO 3 and Na 2 CrO 4 were water-soluble making the separation of vanadium and chromium complicated. Heating vanadium-chromium slag in an argon atmosphere caused Fe 2 VO 4 to react with Na 2 CO 3 , forming NaVO 2 and NaFeO 2 below 1000 °C. However, chromium compounds unreacted in argon. NaFeO 2 was insoluble, while NaVO 2 was water-soluble with a leaching efficiency exceeding 70 %. Notably, the characteristic peak of V(III) in NaVO 2 was first found to be −532.00 ppm by the liquid 51 V NMR spectrum. This method represents a novel, green strategy for the resource utilization of vanadium-chromium slag, involving Na 2 CO 3 roasting in an argon atmosphere to produce NaVO 2 . It offers a promising approach to reduce the cost of NaVO 2 battery production and support its commercialization.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
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DOI
高影响因子
DESALINATION
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2024
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IF 8.3
Hui Yang,Baozhong Ma,Shuyang Shi,Qinqing Zhao,Chengyan Wang,Yongqiang Chen
The continuous development of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) manufacturing industry calls for the mass production of Li 2 CO 3 , which serves as a pivotal raw material for LIBs. In our previous study, Li was successfully precipitated as intermediate product Li 2 SiO 3 from an alkaline solution containing Si by the hydrothermal precipitation method, realizing the preliminary separation of Li and impurities. In this research, H 2 SO 4 digestion-water leaching-Na 2 CO 3 precipitation process was proposed to manufacture Li 2 CO 3 from the intermediate product Li 2 SiO 3 . Firstly, the reaction feasibility of H 2 SO 4 digestion-water leaching and direct H 2 SO 4 leaching for Li 2 SiO 3 were comparatively evaluated through thermodynamic calculation and experimental research. Compared to direct H 2 SO 4 leaching, H 2 SO 4 digestion-water leaching process is preferred in view of its excellent filtration properties. Subsequently, systematic digestion and leaching experiments showed that up to 97.1 % of Li was extracted under the optimized conditions, and the concentration of Li in the leach liquor is as high as 29.33 g/L. After pH adjustment and Al removal, Na 2 CO 3 precipitation were adopted for Li 2 CO 3 production. The equilibrium relationship in Li 2 SO 4 -Na 2 CO 3 -H 2 O system was analyzed to predict the precipitation behavior of Li and select appropriate operation window for Li 2 CO 3 preparation. Finally, with an additional carbonation-decomposition process, a Li 2 CO 3 product with a purity of 99.51 % is produced. This process realizes efficient synthesis of battery-grade Li 2 CO 3 from the intermediate product Li 2 SiO 3 .
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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DOI
高影响因子
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
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2024
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IF 7.1
Haozheng Hu,Xianghao Meng,Yin Li,Yusong Yang,Yanqiu Xu,Junxian Hu,Yaochun Yao
In the era of extensive deployment of LiFePO4 batteries in energy storage and electric vehicle domains, the recycling of lithium from spent LiFePO4 (SLFP) batteries has emerged as a focus, which helps in alleviating environmental pollution and resource shortages. Traditional recycling techniques, encompassing pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods, are often marred by low selectivity and extraction efficiency. Herein, an eco-friendly and low-consumption recycling strategy involving potassium pyrosulfate (K2S2O7)-assisted low-temperature roasting and subsequent water leaching has been developed for selectively recycling Fe and Li from SLFP batteries. The proposed strategy, compared to the conventional inorganic acid leaching method, mitigates the environmental hazards caused by acidic wastewater generation and reduces the costs associated with wastewater treatment. Investigations of thermal performance characterization and thermodynamic calculation analyses have revealed that K2S2O7 plays a pivotal role in extracting lithium from the Fe–P–O framework, converting lithium into a soluble sulfate variant and iron into insoluble compounds. This process culminates in the segregation of a lithium-rich leachate and an iron-enriched residue, which are further processed to synthesize Li2CO3 and FePO4. The effects on Li leaching of the mass ratio of K2S2O7 to SLFP, roasting time, roasting temperature, and water leaching time are systematically studied and 95.87% Li was leached in water under optimal conditions. In addition, the feasibility of the strategy was further illustrated by the regeneration of LiFePO4 produced by the recycled Li2CO3 and FePO4. Overall, this recovery strategy stands out for its effective lithium-iron segregation, environmental sustainability, and economic viability, which provide some inspiration for high-efficiency and environmentally friendly recovery metal from spent lithium-ion batteries.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
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DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
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2024
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IF 7.4
Wan-Jing Yu,Yi Li,Bochuan Deng,Jing Wang,Gaoqiang Mao,Hui Tong,Hanbing He,Xueyi Guo
The recovery of lithium from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is an important approach to solve the global shortage of lithium resource. Considering the difference in stability of various metal element chlorides in Ni-Co-Mn ternary (NCM) cathode materials, lithium element was selectively and high-efficiently extracted from spent ternary NCM cathode material by ammonium chloride roasting in oxygen atmosphere followed by water leaching. The effects of roasting temperature, roasting time, and NH 4 Cl dosage on lithium leaching efficiency and selectivity were systematically investigated. In addition, the conversion mechanism during chloride roasting was discussed in detail in conjunction with thermodynamic analysis as well as structural and compositional characterizations. After roasting with NH 4 Cl in oxygen atmosphere at 600°C, the spent NCM cathode material was thoroughly decomposed and converted into mixture of LiCl, NiO, and MnCo 2 O 4 . Due to the high aqueous solubility of LiCl, more than 95 % of the lithium in the mixture was leached in ∼30 minutes at room temperature, and Li 2 CO 3 with a purity of 99.40 % can be obtained in the subsequent recovery process. This simple and efficient method can be generally useful for the recovery of a wide range of spent cathode materials and provide inspiration for the lithium recovery process of spent LIBs.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
·
2025
·Vol. 14
·期 1
·120918
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IF 7.2
Jianjun Sun,Liuyang Dong,Tianfu Zhang,Peilun Shen,Dianwen Liu
Copper slag (CS) contains high-value metals (Fe, Co, Cu, and Zn), but traditional mineral processing has high energy consumption and poor cost-effectiveness. To tackle such problems, the present research puts forward an innovative method where Ag + -catalyzed ammonium persulfate (APS) oxidation enhances low-temperature H₂SO₄ curing and water leaching of valuable metals in CS. Process mineralogy analysis, thermodynamic evaluation, single-variable experiments, and a range of characterization methods were employed to elucidate the CS features, verify process feasibility, evaluate metal leaching rates, and reveal Ag⁺'s leaching enhancement mechanism. Results show that 96.59 % Fe, 90.36 % Co, 95.12 % Cu, and 94.28 % Zn were leached from CS. Compared with the traditional H 2 SO 4 curing process, their leaching rates increased by 3.85 %, 6.58 %, 19 %, and 6.16 %, respectively. Meanwhile, the curing temperature decreased from 200 °C to 80 °C (120 °C reduction), and H₂SO₄ consumption fell by 10 %. Mechanistic analysis reveals that Ag⁺ enhances leaching through two pathways: First, it catalyzes APS decomposition to generate ·SO₄⁻ with high oxidizing activity. These radicals significantly accelerate the oxidation of sulfide minerals and low-valence iron-based minerals, driving reactions to more thorough completion and promoting formation of more water-soluble metal sulfates. Second, Ag⁺ transforms the cured slag's microstructure from initial dense, smooth state to crisscrossing crack network extending into particle interiors. This evolution not only provides channels for inward diffusion of H 2 SO 4 and APS (facilitating deep oxidation) but also creates favorable conditions for outward migration of water-soluble metal sulfates into the leachate. This method offers a low-energy, sustainable approach for large-scale CS utilization.
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DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
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IF 13.2
Junyi Xiang,Yaofeng Xu,Hongru Rao,Luwei Bai,Yue Wu,Qingyun Huang,Xin Jin,Xuewei Lv
Sodium calcium vanadate (NaCaVO 4 ), a promising optoelectronic material and key intermediate in vanadium extraction, is crucial for the efficient recovery of vanadium. Combining experimental investigation and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, this study systematically investigates the dissolution mechanism and interfacial interactions of NaCaVO 4 in aqueous media. Experimental findings demonstrate that NaCaVO 4 undergoes hydrolysis during aqueous leaching, preferentially releasing soluble sodium vanadates (NaVO 3 , Na 3 VO 4 ), sparingly soluble calcium vanadates and Ca(OH) 2 precipitates, increasing solution pH. DFT simulations elucidate water molecules dissociate into H + and OH − ions. Bond length and atomic displacement analysis reveal that Na + exhibits a lower migration energy barrier compared to Ca 2+ , explaining selective dissolution and precipitation. This work provides atomic-scale insights into the NaCaVO 4 dissolution, to provide a theoretical reference for optimizing vanadium extraction processes.
研究领域:
无机化学
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材料科学
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冶金工程
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计算化学
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界面科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）