Journal of Environmental Sciences
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2021
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IF 5.565
Jiabao Li,Haifeng Zhang,Juan Wang,Zhiyong Yu,Hongyan Li,Min Yang
Although disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in drinking water have been suggested as a cancer causing factor, the causative compounds have not yet been clarified. In this study, we used liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight spectrometry (LC-QTOF MS) to identify the unknown disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in drinking water produced from Taihu Lake source water, which is known as a convergence point for the anthropogenic pollutants discharged from intensive industrial activities in the surrounding regions. In total, 91 formulas of DBPs were discovered through LC-QTOF MS nontarget screen, 81 of which have not yet been reported. Among the 91 molecules, 56 only contain bromine, 15 only contain chlorine and 20 DBPs have both bromine and chlorine atoms. Finally, five DBPs including 2,4,6-tribromophenol, 2,6-dibromo-4-chlorophenol, 2,6-dichloro-4-bromophenol, 4-bromo-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol and 3,6-dibromocarbazole were confirmed using standards. The former three compounds mainly formed in the predisinfection step (maximum concentration, 0.2-2.6 µg/L), while the latter two formed in the disinfection step (maximum concentration, 18.2-33.6 ng/L). In addition, 19 possible precursors of the discovered DBPs were detected, with the aromatic compounds being a major group. 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol as the precursor of 4-bromo-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol was confirmed with standard, with a concentration of 20.3 µg/L in raw water. The results of this study show that brominated DBPs which are possibly formed from industrial pollutants are relevant DBP species in drinking water produced form Taihu source water, suggesting protection of Taihu Lake source water is important to control the DBP risks.
研究领域:
环境科学
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公共卫生
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分析化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
·
2023
·
IF 5.8
Xiong Zengheng,Wu Yan,Zhou Yang,He Shuhai,Huang Danyu,Zhang Mingshan,Jiang Yanjun,Cheng Long,Zhao Zhendong,Zhao Hongwei,Lin Huan
Neonicotinoids (NEOs) pesticides are widely used around the world, especially in the tropics with greater frequency and intensity. However, little is known about NEOs residue in drinking water of tropics. In this study, a highly efficient method using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was established for determining eight NEOs in source water and tap water of Hainan Island, China. The method adopted a high-throughput direct aqueous injection without sample concentration steps, with a rapid analyzing period of 5.0 min, method detection limits (MDLs) in the range of 0.84–1.82 ng/L and the average recoveries ranged from 83% to 116%. NEOs were detected in all source water samples and at an upper level as compared with other parts of China. The most frequently detected NEO was imidacloprid with a detection frequency of 94%, followed by clothianidin (88%) and thiamethoxam (78%), with maximum concentrations of 86.4, 164, and 188 ng/L, respectively. Moreover, seasonal and spatial variations had remarkable impacts on NEO contamination in source water. Drinking water treatment processes removed approximately 20% of NEOs from surface water. However, 90% of tap water samples contained at least one NEO, With 3 samples’ concentration of single NEO exceeding the acceptable value recommended by the European Union (100 ng/L). Therefore, the risk of human exposure through drinking water was evaluated for 4 age group and 2 genders. Young children aged 9 months to 3 years old were found to have the highest risk, with the median exposure up to 4 times greater than teenagers and adults. Next, water intake is likely only a small part of the daily intake of these individuals, thus the potential health problems caused by NEOs present in the tap water of Hainan should not be ignored.
研究领域:
环境科学
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毒理学
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公共卫生
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Environmental Technology & Innovation
·
2022
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IF 7.758
Xinran Zhang,Pengfei Ren,Jianhua Zhou,Junyi Li,Zhenxing Li,Ding Wang
This study investigated the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) from a real ammonia-polluted source water treated by a pilot-scale ultraviolet (UV)/chlorine process with subsequent post-chlorination. The experimental results indicated that UV/chlorine treatment enhanced the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), and haloacetonitriles (HANs) in post-chlorination, compared to UV or chlorine applied alone under parallel experimental conditions. DBP formation was observed to depend on pH values, chlorine doses, and reaction times. THM formation was higher at pH 9.0 than pH 6.0, while HAAs and HANs were produced more readily at pH 6.0 rather than 9.0. A higher chlorine dose led to a higher amount of DBPs formed after the treatment of UV/chlorine followed by post-chlorination. The concentration of DBPs increased with the UV/chlorine treatment time increasing from 2 to 15 s and then presented a decrease trend with the reaction time prolonging to 30 s. In addition, changes in natural organic matter (NOM) properties were evaluated using three-dimensional fluorescence spectra and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) UV/chlorine treatment effectively destroyed humic-like and tyrosine-like components in waters with the maximum fluorescence intensity ( FI m a x ) reduced by 51.4% and 64.6%, respectively, compared to the raw water sample. The decrease of fluorescence of waters exhibited a positive correlation with the formation of DBP-FP in UV/chlorine treatment. Overall, DBP formation from the ammonia-polluted source water caused by UV/chlorine treatment could be managed by carefully determining chlorine doses and contact times to be used in the UV/chlorine process.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
公共卫生
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）