Water lean solvents have received growing attention for CO2 capture due to their low solvent evaporation and potential for energy saving. The previous study mainly focused on the organic diluent selection and paid less efforts on the amine effect. In this study, 11 types of amines with representative structures were selected to explore the effect of amine on CO2 loading and CO2 distribution with poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether (NHD) as organic diluent. Based on the cyclic loading and reaction heat comparison, N-ethylethanolamine (EAE) was selected and the EAE/NHD water lean solvent was constructed. The liquid–liquid phase separation was found in the EAE/NHD/H2O system with more than 95% CO2 concentrated in the lower phase, which yielded high cyclic loading and benefited regeneration energy consumption. The water content effect was further investigated in terms of CO2 cyclic loading and phase separation behaviors, suggesting that EAE/NHD/H2O with a mass ratio of 3:6:1 exhibited the excellent performance of 3.03 mol·kg–1 cyclic loading and 2.27 GJ·t–1 CO2 regeneration energy consumption. 13C NMR and quantum chemistry calculations were conducted to explain the reaction route and phase change mechanism. The large difference between the ion–dipole interaction of ion–H2O and the molecule–molecular interaction of ion-NHD was regarded as the main reason for phase separation. The long-term tests indicated the cycling stability and low corrosivity of EAE/NHD/H2O, as exhibited by the stable CO2 cyclic loading during 8 runs of absorption–desorption and lower corrosivity rate of carbon steel than 30 wt % MEA aqueous solution.
Zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSCs) with high voltage and long cycle life are promising. However, active water in most aqueous electrolytes limits the electrochemical stability window and promotes side reactions, resulting in an unsatisfactory cycle life. Herein, a novel low-cost “water in deep-eutectic-solvent (DES)” electrolyte composed of Zn(Ac) 2 and methylurea (Mu) is reported to expand the electrochemical stability window to >2.7 V, significantly higher than common aqueous electrolytes. Benefiting from a water-starved solvation sheath, the zinc anode was protected from dendritic growth and side reactions by reducing the participation of H 2 O during zinc plating and 3D diffusion of zinc ions in the eutectic electrolyte. Therefore, the assembled Zn//ZM-30 (the mass of Zn(Ac) 2 /Mu DES: the mass of water = 100: 30) //N-rGO@Ti ZHSC displayed excellent capacitance retention of 90.8 % after constant current charge/discharge for 9300 cycles at 10 A g −1 , while the Zn//ZM-30//Zn symmetric cells can work stably for >1100 h at 1 mA cm −2 . Additionally, the ZHSC with ZM-30 also demonstrated a high power density of 4004.3 W kg −1 (41.6 Wh kg −1 ) at 8 A g −1 and a high energy density of 167.7 Wh kg −1 (462.5 W kg −1 ) at 0.5 A g −1 . Next, a new eutectogel electrolyte was prepared and it perfectly inherited the advantages of liquid eutectic electrolytes, which kept 85.2 % capacitance retention after 8000 cycles at 5 A g −1 . Meanwhile, it obtained excellent mechanical properties and met the application of quasi-solid flexible energy storage devices under deformation conditions.
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