Da Cui,Peng Zhang,Shuang Wu,Hon Man Luk,Yixi Wu,Bin Liu,Shuo Pan,Jingru Bai,Qing Wang,Xuehua Zhang
Oil shale has garnered significant attention as a supplementary energy source to traditional fossil fuels. In this study, we investigated the catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of shale oil sludge using three catalysts (Fe, Na 2 CO 3 , Ni/Al 2 O 3 ) and three combinations in pairs. The hydrothermal oil (HTO) yield, energy recovery (ER), and conversion rate (CR) of organic matters were comprehensively analyzed under six catalyst conditions. Both Fe + Na 2 CO 3 and Fe + Ni/Al 2 O 3 paired catalyst combinations achieved similar HTO yields of 28.43 % and 28.13 % along with ER values of 56.19 % and 57.94 % respectively. Moreover, these two groups achieved remarkably high CR values of 81.88 % and 81.02 %, respectively. The HTO from the Fe + Ni/Al 2 O 3 combination has the highest H/C ratio and the lowest O/C ratio at 1.682 and 0.032, respectively. Elemental composition, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses of HTO were conducted in this study. The HTO produced by using Fe + Ni/Al 2 O 3 exhibited the most ideal distillation distribution, with fractions below diesel accounting for up to 96.94 %. Based on the catalytic functions of Fe, Ni, and Al 2 O 3 , six potential synergistic mechanisms of Fe + Ni/Al 2 O 3 were summarized. These mechanisms highlighted Fe + Ni/Al 2 O 3 's roles in promoting compound conversion pathways in HTO, ultimately revealing the synergistic catalytic mechanism.
Qunxing Huang,Xu Han,Feiyan Mao,Yong Chi,Jianhua Yan
The surface characteristics of solid particles found in two petroleum sludges were studied, along with their effect on oil recovery. The particles were classified into three types based on their microstructures and settling behavior during centrifugation. Wettability of sludge particles and modified quartz was comparatively investigated by the sessile drop method; solids from petroleum sludge were found to have a contact angle close to that of acidified quartz. When the contact angle decreased from 135.1° to 85.8° and 16.9° in unmodified, acidified, and alkylated quartz, respectively, the oil residue following centrifugation increased from 0.9 to 5.2 and 10.0%. Solids found in petroleum sludge are more hydrophobic than solids from oil sand. Pretreatment methods that can decrease the oil–solids interaction, such as anti-alkylation, will improve oil recovery from petroleum sludge.
Oily sludge not only seriously pollutes the ecological environment, but also endangers human health. Additionally, the complex properties pose significant challenges in its treatment. The single technology has limited capacity and poor treatment effect. Consequently, the combined technology is being developed due to the exceptional treatment effect. Herein, a new combined technology was proposed to treat oily sludge, which combined high-speed stirring cleaning with thermal-activated Na 2 S 2 O 8 oxidation. The bulk of petroleum pollutants were efficiently removed by high-speed stirring cleaning firstly, and the residual petroleum pollutants were decomposed by thermal-activated Na 2 S 2 O 8 . After treatment, the oil content of the oily sludge decreased from 13.81 % to 0.47 % with the removal rate of 96.6 % under the optimal conditions, which had reached the discharge and reuse standards. The high-speed stirring had remarkable removal effect on saturated hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons and resins. In addition to the three components mentioned above, thermal-activated Na 2 S 2 O 8 also had excellent removal effect on asphaltenes in the cleaned oily sludge based on the strong oxidation effect of SO 4 − · and OH·. This work demonstrates a new method to treat oily sludge efficiently, which not only reduces the burden of petrochemical industries and provides support for their green development, but also has important scientific significance for environmental protection and environmental management.
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