ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
·
2023
·
IF 8.9
Fanfan Ju,Liuzhu Chen,Teng Ma,Xiaoli Wang,Zhanqiang Chen,Jiejun Zheng,Xinxing Xia
Studying the geochemical behavior of chlorine is the basis of understanding the chlorine cycle in nature. To explore the spatiotemporal distribution of natural organic chlorine (Cl org ), L layer (litter fall), F–H layer (humification zone), topsoil layer (0–20 cm), and deep soil layer (20–40 cm) samples were collected from 18 sampling sites at different altitudes (851–2918 m) in Shennongjia Forest in May, August, and December. Cl org content was analyzed, and the Cl org stocks were calculated. The major factors affecting the distribution of Cl org were explored. The results revealed that the sum of Cl org content in four layers varied from 7.958 to 184.686 mg/kg, and the highest value was observed in August. Cl org accounted for 46%–77% of total chlorine, with the highest mean ratio in soil layer (0–20 cm). Cl org content exhibited the following trend: F–H layer > L layer > topsoil layer (0–20 cm) > deep soil layer (20–40 cm). The seasonal patterns of Cl org in soil layers were different from that in L and F–H layers, which were mainly controlled by the content and humification degree of organic matter. Cl org storage was much higher in soil layers (61–246 kg/ha) than those in F–H layer (1.1–7.1 kg/ha) and in L layer (0.1–0.8 kg/ha) because of the large thickness of the soil layers. Overall, the Cl org content exhibited an increasing trend with altitude, except at an altitude of approximately 1800 m. Cl org content in L and F–H layers varied more obviously with altitude than that in soil layers. When inorganic chlorine (Cl in ) was not a limiting factor for the chlorination process, Cl org content in L and F–H layers was significantly affected by climate and organic matter controlled by altitude, while Cl org content in soil layers was also mediated by metal ions and pH, and soil particle size. This study could provide a scientific basis for assessing the chlorine cycle in nature.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
土壤学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
·
2023
·
IF 3.8
Ya Xu,Huiyang Li,Nan Sun,Bingmei Yao,Wenjin Dai,Jian Wang,Sujia Si,Shuo Liu,Liqun Jiang
Background High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE) seriously threatens the health of people at high altitudes. There are drug treatments for HAPE, and dry powder formulations (DPFs) represent a rapid and accessible delivery vehicle for these drugs. However, there are presently no reports on the inhalability of DPFs in low-pressure environments. Given the reduced atmospheric pressure typical at high altitudes, conventional DPFs might not be suitable for inhalation. Therefore, it is necessary to elucidate the deposition behaviors of dry powder in the respiratory tract at low pressure, as well as to improve their pulmonary deposition efficiency via adjustments to their formulation and design. Methods The effect of air pressure, inspiratory velocity, and particle properties (such as size, density, and aerodynamic diameter) on pulmonary deposition of DPFs was calculated by a computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-coupled discrete phase model. DPFs of various aerodynamic diameters were prepared by spray drying, and the inhalability of these DPFs in a low-pressure environment was evaluated in mice. Finally, a mouse model of HAPE was established, and the treatment of HAPE by nifedipine-loaded DPFs with small aerodynamic diameter was validated. Results CFD results showed that low pressure decreased the deposition of DPFs in the lungs. At 0.5 standard atmosphere, DPFs with aerodynamic diameter of ∼2.0 μm could not enter the lower respiratory tract; however, a decrease in the physical diameter, density, and, consequently, the aerodynamic diameter of the DPFs was able to enhance pulmonary deposition of these powders. To validate the CFD results, three kinds of dry powder with aerodynamic diameters of 0.66, 0.98, and 2.00 μm were prepared by spray drying. Powders with smaller aerodynamic diameter could be inhaled into the lungs of mice more effectively, and, consequently could ameliorate the progression of HAPE more effectively than conventional powders. These results were consistent with the CFD results. Conclusions Low atmospheric pressure can prevent the pulmonary deposition of DPFs at high altitudes. Compared with conventional DPFs, powders with smaller aerodynamic diameter can be effectively inhaled at these pressures and thus might be more suitable for the treatment the HAPE.
研究领域:
药剂学
·
呼吸病学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Food Chemistry-X
·
2024
·
IF 6.5
Wentao Qian,Xiaobing Wang,Hongliang Li,Yinhua Zhu,Pengjie Wang,Xiaolu Geng,Jinhui Yang,Huiyuan Guo,Menghui Wang,Chong Chen
Introducing Holstein cows on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is a potential solution to enhance local milk production. However, the relationship between milk quality and altitude in China remains unknown. Therefore, the components and plasmin (PL) system of raw milk from different altitudes (sea level, 1600, 2700, and 3800 m) were investigated. The daily milk production of Holstein cows and PL activity decreased as the altitude increased. However, the components content of raw milk, plasminogen (PLG)/PL ratio, activities of PLG and plasmin activator (PA) increased with altitude. The pasteurization resulted a significant decrease in PA activity of all milk and a significant increase in PL activity in milk collected at higher altitudes (2700 and 3800 m), suggesting the pasteurization was unsuitable for preserving milk at higher altitudes. This study offered references for the production and storage of milk after introducing Holstein cows on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.
研究领域:
农业
·
乳品科学
·
食品科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
·
2024
·
IF 7
Qifang Sun,Furu Wu,Wei Wu,Wenjie Yu,Gaowei Zhang,Xueyong Huang,Yingbin Hao,Liping Luo
The relationship between the chemical composition and quality of Lushan Yunwu tea (LYT) from different geographical origins is not clear. Sensory evaluation, metabolomics analyses combined with chemometrics were conducted on LYT from 8 different geographical origins, and altitude was identified as the main factor responsible for the differences among LYT. A total of 32 non-volatile and 27 volatile compounds were identified as marker metabolites to distinguish the origins of high altitudes from those of low altitudes. LYT samples from higher altitude areas contained more free amino acids , sugars, and organic acids, and less catechins, which may contribute to the reduction of bitterness and astringency and the enhancement of umami. The contents of geranylacetone, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl caprylate, 3-carene, d-cadinene, linalool, nerol, and nerolidol in high altitude areas were higher than those in low altitude areas, indicating that LYT from high altitude had strong floral and fruity aroma. The altitudes were positively correlated with pH value, total flavonoids, soluble protein, total free amino acids, and the antioxidant capacities of the LYT. This study provided a theoretical basis for the study of the effect of altitude on tea quality.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
植物化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2009
·
IF 2.696
Yulong Chen,Yueming Jiang,Jun Duan,John Shi,Sophia Xue,Yukio Kakuda
The variations in the contents of catechins and phenolic compounds in relation to the quality scores (QS) and taste scores (TS) in the ‘ Huang Zhi Xiang ’ Oolong tea grown in different seasons and at different altitudes were determined. The study demonstrated that the contents of (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), catechin gallate (CG), and total catechins (TC) in the Oolong teas grown at a high altitude were significantly higher than those grown at a low altitude. Furthermore, the contents of EGCG, CG, and TC in the autumn tea were significantly higher than those from the spring tea grown at a low altitude. However, no significant differences in the contents of EGCG, CG, and TC were observed between the spring and autumn teas grown at a high altitude. In addition, the contents of (−)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (+)-catechin (C), (−)-gallocatechin (GC), and simple catechins (SC) in the spring tea leaves were significantly higher than those in the autumn tea leaves grown at a low altitude, but they were not significantly different from those in the autumn tea leaves grown at a high altitude. The contents of EGCG, CG, and TC in the Oolong teas were positively and significantly correlated to the taste score (TS) and quality score (QS) of the Oolong tea. Thus, the contents of EGCG, CG, and TC could be the important quality parameters of the ‘ Huang Zhi Xiang ’ Oolong tea. This work suggested that the production of the ‘ Huang Zhi Xiang ’ Oolong tea grown at low altitudes should utilize the autumn tea leaves while the production of Oolong tea grown at high altitudes can use both the spring and autumn tea leaves.
研究领域:
植物学
·
食品科学
·
农业科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
FUEL
·
2024
·
IF 6.7
Hao Sun,Wugao Zhang,Yixuan Wang
CeO 2 nanoparticles are effective fuel additives that enhance fuel spray, atomization, and combustion characteristics due to their high catalytic activity and excellent thermal properties. When added to fuel, CeO 2 nanoparticles significantly improve in-cylinder combustion, and engine performance, and reduce pollutant emissions under normal engine operating conditions. Diesel engines encounter persistent challenges during cold starts at low temperatures and high altitudes. However, there is limited research on the effects of CeO 2 nanoparticles on ignition and combustion at low temperatures and cold start performance. This study aims to evaluate the impact of CeO 2 nanoparticles doping in diesel fuel on the cold start performance of diesel engines in high-altitude and low-temperature environments. Diesel fuel doped with CeO 2 nanoparticles at various concentrations was prepared using magnetic stirring and ultrasonication. The cold start performance of the test engine was assessed in an environmental chamber. This work investigated and evaluated the improvements of CeO 2 nanoparticles on cold start performance from three perspectives: general low-temperature conditions, high-altitude environments, and extreme low-temperature scenarios with diethyl ether premixing. Experimental results indicate that incorporating CeO 2 nanoparticles expanded the critical temperature required for a successful cold start from 0 °C to −5 °C. At high altitudes, the addition of CeO 2 nanoparticles effectively increased the proportion of efficient combustion, evidenced by single peak and parent peak patterns during cold starts. CeO 2 nanoparticles facilitated the transition from low-temperature to high-temperature reactions, promoting fuel ignition during the first injection cycle and reducing speed fluctuations during cold starts with diethyl ether premixing at −40 °C. Furthermore, adding CeO 2 nanoparticles prevented detonation and rapid pressure surges during cold starts. Overall, doping diesel fuel with CeO 2 nanoparticles proves to be an effective method for enhancing cold start performance in diesel engines. This study offers a novel approach for improving diesel engine cold start performance in high-altitude and low-temperature conditions.
研究领域:
能源工程
·
环境科学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Metabolites
·
2022
·Vol. 12
·期 11
·1063
·
IF 5.581
Miao Wang,Jianlong Li,Xiaohui Liu,Chengshun Liu,Jiajia Qian,Jie Yang,Xiaochen Zhou,Yongxia Jia,Jinchi Tang,Lanting Zeng
Lingtou Dancong oolong tea is a famous Chinese oolong tea due to its special honey-like aroma. However, little is known about its specific aroma profile and key contributors. Furthermore, whether the aroma characteristics of Lingtou Dancong oolong tea are affected by the environmental conditions at different altitudes is unknown. In this study, the aromas in Lingtou Dancong oolong tea were extracted and analyzed by stir-bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) combined with gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) and GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the aroma profiles of tea plants grown at different altitudes were compared. We detected 59 odor compounds in Lingtou Dancong oolong tea. Eight compounds with honey and floral odors were identified as key components on the basis of GC-O, GC-MS, odor activity value, and flavor dilution analyses. Differences in the contents of precursor geranyl diphosphate and transcript levels of structural genes were found to be responsible for the differential accumulation of linalool and hotrienol among plants grown at different altitudes. This is the first report on the aroma characteristics and key contributors of Lingtou Dancong oolong tea and their differences, as affected by altitude. These results provide details of the chemical basis of the aroma quality of Lingtou Dancong oolong tea.Keywords:Lingtou Dancong;stir-bar sorptive extraction;gas chromatography-olfactometry/mass spectrometry;odorants;different altitudes
研究领域:
植物学
·
食品科学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Pharmaceutics
·
2025
·Vol. 17
·期 3
·341
·
IF 5.5
Qingqing Huang,Xingyue Han,Jin Li,Xilin Li,Xin Chen,Jianwen Hou,Sixun Yu,Shaobing Zhou,Gu Gong,Haifeng Shu
Background/Objectives:Orally or intravenously administered acetaminophen experiences considerable liver first-pass elimination and may cause liver/kidney damage. This work examined the pharmacological effects of acetaminophen-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (AAP PLGA NPs) intranasally administered to mice rapidly entering high altitudes.Methods:AAP PLGA NPs were prepared using ultrasonication-assisted emulsification and solvent evaporation and characterized in terms of drug encapsulation efficiency and loading, in vitro and in vivo release behaviors, and toxicity to hippocampal neurons. In vivo fluorescence imaging was used to monitor the concentrations of AAP PLGA NPs (labeled with indocyanine green) in the brain and blood of the mice after intranasal administration. The effects of these NPs on the pain threshold in mice rapidly entering high altitudes were evaluated through hot plate and tail flick experiments.Results:The AAP PLGA NPs were found to be noncytotoxic, highly biocompatible and stable, with a drug encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity of 42.53% and 3.87%, respectively. The in vitro release of acetaminophen lasted for up to 72 h, and the release rate was ~82%. After intranasal administration in vivo, the drug release occurred slowly, and the drug was mainly concentrated in the brain. Compared with nonencapsulated acetaminophen, the intranasal administration of AAP PLGA NPs resulted in higher brain levels of the drug and delayed its elimination, thus increasing the pain threshold in mice rapidly entering high altitudes.Conclusions:The proposed strategy addresses the common problems of intranasal drug administration (low retention time and bioavailability) and paves the way for effective pain management in high-altitude environments.
研究领域:
药理学
·
纳米医学
·
神经科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Plants-Basel
·
2025
·Vol. 15
·期 1
·23
·
IF 4.1
Yuting Li,Shuaibo Shao,Siwei Deng,Zhendong Zhang,Yu Pan,Xingyuan Yao,Chengzhe Zhou,Zhong Wang,Yuqiong Guo
Oolong tea presents notable variations in taste profile and aroma characteristics under different cultivation conditions, particularly across altitudes. However, systematic investigations into the altitude-induced differences in key taste compounds and aroma composition remain limited. In this study, we examined six oolong tea cultivars, comparing their taste-related chemical constituents and aroma profiles under high- and low-altitude cultivation. Sensory evaluation, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) were employed to characterize these differences. Sensory evaluation revealed that high-altitude oolong teas exhibited enhanced umami, sweetness, and floral intensity. In most cultivars, the levels of free amino acids, polyphenols, and soluble sugar were relatively higher under high-altitude conditions. HS-SPME-GC-MS identified 55 common volatile organic compounds (VOCs), with terpenes and esters comprising the largest number of compounds. Identification by partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) combined with relative odor activity value (rOAV) screening yielded 22 candidate differential volatile organic compounds. Floral monoterpenes, including linalool, linalool oxide II and geraniol, were consistently higher in high-altitude teas, whereas most other volatiles varied primarily with cultivar rather than altitude. These chemical patterns are consistent with the sensory finding of stronger floral intensity in high-altitude samples. This study provides theoretical insights for cultivar selection and quality improvement of oolong tea grown in high-altitude regions.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of Fungi
·
2024
·Vol. 10
·期 11
·736
·
IF 4.2
Guo-Jun Zhou,Wei-Jia Xiong,Wei Xu,Zheng-Rong Dou,Bo-Chao Liu,Xue-Li Li,Hao Du,Hai-Feng Li,Yong-Zeng Zhang,Bei Jiang,Kai-Ling Wang
Astragalus, a group of legume plants, has a pronounced rhizosphere effect. Many species ofAstragaluswith limited resource reserves are distributed in the high-altitude area of northern Yunnan, China. Although some of these plants have high medicinal value, the recognition of them is still at a low level. The aim of this research is to explore the species diversity of cultivable rhizofungi derived fromAstragalus acaulis,A. forrestiiandA. ernestiigrowing in a special high–cold environment of northwest Yunnan and discover anti-infective components from these fungi. A total of 93 fungal strains belonging to 38 species in 18 genera were isolated and identified. Antibacterial and antimalarial screening yielded 10 target strains. Among them, the ethyl acetate crude extract of the fermented substrate of the rhizofungusAspergillus calidoustusAA12 derived from the plantA. acaulisshowed broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and the best antimalarial activity. Further chemical investigation led to the first discovery of seven compounds from the speciesA. calidoustus, including sesterterpine 6-epi-ophiobolin G; three sesquiterpenes, penicisochroman A, pergillin and 7-methyl-2-(1-methylethylethlidene)-furo [3,2-H]isoquinoline-3-one; and three polyketides, trypacidin, 1,2-seco-trypacidin and questin. Among them, the compound 6-epi-ophiobolin G exhibited moderate to strong antibacterial activity against six Gram-positive pathogens with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 25 to 6.25 μg/mL and a prominent inhibitory effect on the biofilm ofStreptococcus agalactiaeat an MIC value of 3.125 μg/mL. This compound also displayed potent antimalarial activity againstPlasmodium falciparumstrains 3D7 and chloroquine-resistant Dd2 at the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 3.319 and 4.340 µmol/L at 72 h, respectively. This study contributed to our understanding of the cultivable rhizofungi from characteristicAstragalusplants in special high–cold environments and further increased the library of fungi available for natural anti-infectious product screening.
研究领域:
微生物学
·
药理学
·
植物科学
·
天然产物化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
BRAIN RESEARCH
·
2019
·
IF 2.929
Linjie Wei,Jianbo Zhang,Bo Zhang,Junjun Geng,Qiang Tan,Ling Wang,Zhi Chen,Hua Feng,Gang Zhu
Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to severe mortality and disability, in which secondary injury induced by complement activation plays an important role. TBI tends to be associated with more severe cerebral edema and worse neurological functional recovery if it occurs in high-altitude areas than in low-altitude areas. However, the underlying mechanism of this difference is unknown. Thus, we used cobra venom factor (CVF) to deplete complement C3 in simulated high-altitude areas to explore whether the differences in outcome at different altitudes are related to secondary injury caused by complement C3. Methods The weight-drop model was adopted to induce TBI in rats. Rats were randomly divided into the following groups: sham + saline (sham), high altitude + TBI + saline (HAT), high altitude + TBI + CVF (H-CVF), low altitude + TBI + saline (LAT), and low altitude + TBI + CVF (L-CVF). Brain contusion and edema volumes, brain water content, myelin basic protein (MBP) expression, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) expression, interleukin 1 beta (IL1B) expression, mortality rate, neurological function, and complement component 3 (C3) mRNA expression were measured by techniques such as Evans blue fluorescence, Perls staining, TUNEL staining, ELISA, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting to evaluate correlations between complement activation and secondary injury. Results The activation of complement after TBI was significantly higher at high altitude than at low altitude. High-altitude TBI resulted in a leakier blood-brain barrier, more severe cerebral edema and higher mortality than low-altitude TBI did. In addition, high-altitude TBI tended to be associated with more MBP degradation, ferric iron deposition, neuronal apoptosis, and inflammatory factor deposition than low-altitude TBI. All of these effects of TBI were partially reversed by inhibiting complement activation using CVF. Conclusion Our study provided evidence that TBI at high altitude leads to severe edema and high mortality and disability rates. Complement C3 activation is one of the important factors contributing to secondary brain injury.
研究领域:
神经科学
·
免疫学
·
病理生理学
·
实验医学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
PHARMACEUTICAL DEVELOPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 2.6
Chunqing Wang,Xin Huang,Ziyan Tang,Yizhi Zhang,Meng Wei,Shumin Du,Xingshuang Song,Yanping Wu,Qiang Chi,Xiaomei Zhuang,Du Lina,Yiguan Jin
Sleep disorders are one of the most common acute reactions on the plateau, which can cause serious complications. However, there is no effective and safe treatment currently available. Nimodipine (NMD) is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker with neuroprotective and vasodilating activity, mainly used for the treatment of ischemic brain injury. Commercial oral or injectable NMD formulations are not a good option for central neuron diseases due to their poor brain delivery. In this study, nimodipine dissolving microneedles (NDMNs) were prepared for the prevention of sleep disorders caused by hypoxia. NDMNs were composed of NMD and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) K90 with a conical morphology and high rigidity. After administration of NDMNs on the back neck of mice, the concentration of NMD in the brain was significantly higher than that of oral medication as was confirmed by the fluorescent imaging on mouse models. NDMNs enhanced cognitive function, alleviated oxidative stress, and improved the sleep quality of mice with high-altitude sleep disorders. The blockage of calcium ion overloading may be an important modulation mechanism. NDMNs are a promising and user-friendly formulation for the prevention of high-altitude sleep disorders.
研究领域:
药理学
·
神经科学
·
睡眠医学
·
高原医学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
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