ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
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2021
·Vol. 28
·期 20
·25503-25513
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IF 4.223
Cong Zi-Xiang,Shao Xue-Ting,Liu Si-Yu,Pei Wei,Wang De-Gao
Illicit drug use in rural and suburban areas of China has not been studied extensively, as most studies have focused on illicit drug use in urban areas. To compare the differences between urban, suburban, and rural drug use, we collected influent samples from 19 urban, 9 suburban, and 18 rural wastewater treatment plants in Dalian, respectively. A method using solid-phase extraction combined with derivatization for gas chromatography -mass spectrometry analysis was applied to detect biomarker concentrations. The concentrations of methamphetamine and morphine ranged from 3.12 to 605 ng/L and < 2.35 to 198 ng/L, respectively. Norketamine was found in only four samples (5.56 to 14.5 ng/L), while 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine and benzoylecgonine were not detected in any samples. Methamphetamine use in rural areas (16.3 mg/day/1000 inhabitant (inh), prevalence: 0.06%) was significantly lower than those in urban (77.1 mg/day/1000 inh, prevalence: 0.23%) and suburban (234 mg/day/1000 inh, prevalence: 0.70%) areas. Heroin use in suburban areas (57.6 mg/day/1000 inh, prevalence: 0.10%) was significantly higher than that in urban (13.9 mg/day/1000 inh, prevalence: 0.02%) and rural (8.68 mg/day/1000 inh, prevalence: 0.02%) areas. The results indicate relatively low levels of illicit drug use in rural areas of Dalian, related to low incomes and outflow of the working-age population. Illicit drug use was most prevalent in suburban areas of Dalian, which may be influenced by large floating populations and few anti-drug efforts in suburban areas.
研究领域:
环境科学
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公共卫生
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毒理学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
·
2021
·Vol. 28
·期 13
·16754-16766
·
IF 4.223
Liu Si-Yu,Yu Wen-Jing,Wang Yi-Ru,Shao Xue-Ting,Wang De-Gao
Illicit drug use has long been a key issue of international concern, and the true situation is unknown to the relevant authorities. To develop a profile of comprehensive consumption patterns of illicit drugs in China, data from 34 wastewater treatment plants in 25 cities were collected to analyze four classes of drugs, including amphetamine-type stimulants, opioids, ketamine, and cocaine. They were identified and quantified in samples using methods based on gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. According to the wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) approach, an analysis of the consumption pattern was performed regarding per inhabitant consumption based on the revised metabolic rate. The consumption quantity of illicit drug and precursor was divided into four categories based on statistical difference analyses: methamphetamine and ephedrine (precursor) were the predominant drugs in the first category, followed by ketamine and heroin in the second category, methcathinone and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in the third category, and cocaine and methadone in the fourth category. There were distinctive spatial patterns: heroin and cocaine consumption was higher in Southern China than in Northern China, heroin consumption was higher in Western China than in Eastern China, and the consumption of each drug differed across seven regions of China, especially with ephedrine and methcathinone consumption higher in North China; heroin consumption higher in Southwest, Central, and Northwest China; and ketamine and MDMA consumption higher in East, South, and Central China. Compared with findings in previous studies, there were temporal patterns, in which ketamine consumption presented a downward trend but heroin remained stable. Based on correlation analyses, there were the polydrug abuse patterns between heroin and cocaine, methcathinone and ketamine, and cocaine and MDMA. In general, this study based on WBE provides a comprehensive evaluation of drug consumption in China. Graphical abstract
研究领域:
公共卫生
·
毒理学
·
环境科学
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DOI
高影响因子
TOXICOLOGY LETTERS
·
2022
·
IF 4.271
Shiqi Duan,Yan Jia,Zhihang Zhu,Lancheng Wang,Peng Xu,Youmei Wang,Bin Di,Chi Hu
Information regarding the metabolism of illicit drugs is under urgent need for toxicological assessment . Its development, however, is limited by the currently available animal models. To this end, we proposed three-dimensional (3D) HepaRG spheroids as an in vitro model to study the effects of illicit drugs on hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes and potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs). By comparing the results from animal and cell experiments, we confirmed the significant impact of heroin, morphine, tetrahydrocannabinol , and fentanyl on CYP450 enzymes, and the 3D spheroids results were in good agreement with the animal results for 2B6, 2C19, 2D6. Using 3D HepaRG spheroids, we demonstrated DDIs between heroin as a 2B6 perpetrator and clinical medicine for cancer, depression, and illicit drug withdrawal. Specifically, the clearance rate of 5.4 μM bupropion was increased by 214 % under DDI with 5 µM heroin, highlighting the importance of DDI pre-screening and individualized medication guidance for illicit drug users. This research contributes to the growing body of evidence regarding the metabolic toxicity of illicit drugs and suggests 3D HepaRG spheroids as a high-throughput and cost-efficient platform for DDI analysis.
研究领域:
药理学
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毒理学
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细胞生物学
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药物代谢
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）