European Journal of Wood and Wood Products
·
2014
·Vol. 73
·期 1
·97-102
·
IF 1.105
Pan Chengyuan,Ruan Guanhua,Chen Haihong,Zhang Dayu
Wood preservation is one of the most effective methods to prevent damage caused by termites. Sodium fluoride (NaF) is a well-known fungicide for preventing decay in timber due to its excellent diffusion in wood. In this study, the toxicity of NaF to the termites Reticulitermes flaviceps and its potential leachability as wood preservative were assessed. While termites were in contact with NaF-treated filter paper in a Petri dish for nine days, termites were found completely dead while the papers were treated by NaF at concentration of 0.5 % (wt/wt) or above. Wood blocks of Pinus massoniana were treated with five different concentrations of NaF (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 %) respectively, and then exposed to a non-soil-contact field leaching experiment. After 4 weeks, retention levels of NaF in the wood blocks dropped from 0.075–0.834 % to 0.057–0.284 %. A choice test, in which NaF-treated and untreated wood blocks were exposed to the termites R. flaviceps was conducted. The results showed NaF, even at retention of 0.057 % (wt/wt), could significantly inhibit termite feeding in the treated blocks. The results suggest that NaF is a suitable wood preservative with anti-feedant activity against termites.
研究领域:
昆虫学
·
林学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
·
2022
·
IF 6.76
Shoulu Yang,Zhongwei Wang,Zhu Liu,Ning Ji,Yiqiang Wu
A novel hybrid material derived from wood and acid nanospheres was synthesized by facile in-situ self-assembly of phosphotungstic acid (HPW) and triethylamine (TEA) at room temperature. The uniformly dispersed amphiphilic TEA-PW nanospheres furnished the wood with controlled particle sizes, and the acid capacity of the material could be altered by varying the molar ratio of HPW and TEA. Furthermore, the TEA-PW/wood hybrid had good anti-leach properties, which were attributed to the acid nanospheres' amphiphilicity. Notably, the hybrid material displayed excellent flame-retardant characteristics even with a low dose of the TEA-PW nanospheres (only 18.6 mass %), resulting in a UL-94V-0 rating and a 41.4% and 44.8% decrease in the pk-HRR and TSR of the untreated wood, respectively. Effective flame retardation was primarily attributed to synergistic effects, molecular firefighting properties, and catalytic carbon reactions in the condensed phase high-density nitrogen-phosphorus-oxygen cross-linking network carbon layer, as well as the capture or dilution of flammable gases by free radicals. In conclusion, this hybrid material may provide new possibilities for the development of fire-resistant woods.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
林业工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
·
2020
·
IF 5.627
Chao Feng,Mingkai Cheng,Xiangpeng Gao,Yu Qiao,Minghou Xu
This contribution reports the occurrence forms and leachability of major inorganic elements and heavy metals in the solid residue from smouldering combustion of sewage sludge (SS). Under the experimental conditions (moisture content: 50 wt%; sand-to-SS (wet) mass ratio of 4:1; and Darcy air flux: 3.5 cm/s), self-sustaining is achieved, destructing ∼98% of carbon in the SS and yielding a solid ash residue rich in Si, Al, P, Fe, K and Ca. The results from BCR (European Community Bureau of Reference) sequential extraction suggest that, majority of Na, K, Al, and Fe in the smouldering residue are presented as stable residue form, while Mg and Ca exist predominantly as acid-soluble. P in the residue is contributed by both reducible and residue fractions. All the heavy metals (As, Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni and Cu) in the residue are dominated by residue form, except Zn, which exists mainly as acid-soluble and reducible forms. Leachability tests demonstrate that considerable amounts of Ca (15.23—18.82%), Mg (11.92—16.74%), and K (5.91—7.04%) are readily leached out from the smouldering residue under pH 4.2—12.0. The concentrations of all the heavy metals in leachate meet the relevant regulatory values as determined by Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP). The smouldering residue generated here has potential to recover nutrients and is safe to be disposed via landfilling, addressing the environmental concerns that hinder the further development of smouldering combustion as a SS treatment technology.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF SOILS AND SEDIMENTS
·
2015
·Vol. 16
·期 2
·371-381
·
IF 2.139
Wang Feng-He,Zhao Bin,Zhang Fan,Gao Jay,Hao Hao-Tian,Zhang Shengtian
Purpose The main objectives of the study were to (1) develop a one-step facile procedure for synthesizing a new chemical amendment agent with three chelating groups for solidifying multiple heavy metals, called sixthio guanidine acid (SGA), using guanidine hydrochloride and carbon disulfide as raw reactants and (2) assess its biodegradability, solidification effectiveness, and leachability in remedying soils contaminated with multiple heavy metals of various concentrations compared with other traditional amendment agents. Materials and methods Polluted soil samples were collected near a metalliferous mining site of Qixiashan in the southeast of Nanjing, China. Their concentrations were determined at 22.15–320 mg kg −1 for As, 3.30–29.31 mg kg −1 for Cd, 115.66–158.65 mg kg −1 for Ni, 165.04–1677.06 mg kg −1 for Pb, and 355.6–2426.91 mg kg −1 for Zn. Biodegradability of SGA was assessed in accordance with GB/T 21831-2008 and OECD-301D. Total concentration of heavy metals was determined according to ISO11466:1995. A modified three-step sequential Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) extraction procedure was used to examine speciation of heavy metals in the soil sample, and concentrations of heavy metals were measured by using inductively coupling plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Leachate extraction tests were carried out before and after the soil sample was solidified with different amendments in accordance with HJ/T 557-2009. Results and discussion It is found that the optimal conditions for SGA synthesis are a molar ratio of 4:1, a reaction temperature of 40 °C, and a reaction time of 2 h. Under such conditions, SGA yield is achieved as high as 91.5 %. The bioavailability and mobility of As, Cd, Ni, Pb, and Zn in highly contaminated soils can be reduced via using SGA. Our results indicate that SGA is nonbiodegradative and much more effective than other traditional chemical amendment agents in that it is highly effective in comprehensively solidifying As, Cd, Ni, and Pb. Conclusions SGA has the potential for comprehensive in situ remediation of soils contaminated with several heavy metal elements of various concentration levels, and such findings may be used as a guide to design new chemical amendment agents for rehabilitating soils contaminated with heavy metals.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS
·
2015
·
IF 3.453
Songlin Xue,Hong Jiang,Zhaoxiang Zhong,Ze-Xian Low,Rizhi Chen,Weihong Xing
A new Pd@ZIF-L hybrid catalyst having a unique crosshair-star shape with a size of about 20 μm was synthesized, in which a two-dimensional layered zeolitic imidazolate framework-L (ZIF-L) was used as a support to immobilize palladium nanoparticles via an assembly method. The hybrid catalyst with unique cushion-shaped cavities between layers with a size of 6.64 Å can be used for the diffusion of specific reactants not achievable by other ZIF systems such as ZIF-8. The crystal structure and morphology of Pd@ZIF-L are strongly dependent on the synthesis conditions. Palladium nanoparticles with an average size of 3 nm are homogeneously encapsulated in the ZIF-L crystals. The as-synthesized Pd@ZIF-L catalyst favors the conversion of alkenes with larger molecular sizes, and exhibits excellent molecule-size-selectivity and anti-leaching performance.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
催化化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
·
2025
·
IF 7.2
Yinlin Chang,Tao Liu,Jingyuan Rao,Min Fu,Yijun Guo,Shuliang Zou,Dewen Tang,Zetian Tao
The safe immobilization of radiotoxic strontium (Sr) in high-level radioactive waste (HLW) remains a major challenge due to its tendency to segregate and leach under aqueous conditions. In this study, a surface vanadium (V) engineering strategy is proposed to enhance the chemical stability of Sr 2 Fe 1.5 Mo 0.5 O 6-δ (SFM) ceramics. V-doped samples (SFMV), synthesized via a sol-gel method with 0.05 mol V partially substituting Mo, show improved resistance to Sr migration. DFT calculations reveal that V modification increases the Sr migration barrier from 0.14 eV (in SFM) to 0.34 eV (in SFMV) and induces the formation of strong Fe-O-V, and Mo–O–V effectively suppressing Sr surface segregation. Additionally, the formation of SrMoO 4 phases may act as Sr sinks, further enhancing stability. Leaching tests show that the Sr release from SFMV drops from 7.43 × 10 −4 to 2.89 × 10 −6 g·cm −2 ·d −1 over 42 days, representing a 64 % reduction compared to pristine SFM. This work provides a promising strategy for designing durable ceramic hosts for Sr-containing HLW.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
核工程
·
环境化学
·
固态化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Cleaner Production
·
2020
·
IF 7.246
Ya-Jun Wang,Ya-Nan Zeng,Jun-Guo Li,Yu-Zhu Zhang,Ya-Jing Zhang,Qing-Zhong Zhao
This study focuses on evaluating the carbonation potential of argon oxygen decarburization (AOD) slag and analyzing influence mechanism of carbonation on chromium leachability . Static thin-film accelerated carbonation and sequential leaching tests were carried out. Results show that the liquid to solid (L/S) ratio was the most influencing factor for AOD slag’s carbonation, and the maximum carbonation ratio of AOD slag was 50–52% (L/S = 0.4 mL/g, P CO2 = 7.5 bar, and t > 6 h). Dicalcium silicate’s carbonation resulted in the generation of amorphous calcium carbonate , crystalline calcite and silica gel . AOD slag’s smooth surface could be eroded by these products gradually with carbonation furthered. The mineral phase evolution clearly influenced the mineral phase hydrolysis and physical encapsulation, and thus affected the hydrolysis behavior of the primary phase and the generation behavior of the secondary phase in the carbonated slags. Chromium leachability (20 days) declined to its lowest value (1.7 mg/kg) as the carbonation ratio growing to 23% and then increased to its highest value (7.9 mg/kg) with the carbonation ratio increasing to 52%. Chromium leachability varies with the carbonation ratio. The optimal carbonation ratio that resulting in minimum chromium leaching risk must be taken full in mind before using AOD slag in carbonation-related production activities.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境工程
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
HOLZFORSCHUNG
·
2022
·Vol. 76
·期 8
·732-743
·
IF 2.493
Zhenju Bi,Li Yan,Zhangjing Chen,Yafang Lei,Guangbin Li
The improvement of wood decay resistance is more inclined to eco-friendly methods such as the application of natural products, but the low durability of some natural products as wood preservatives limits their applications. In this study, vanillin catalyzed by laccase was grafted into poplar wood to increase wood decay resistance and can remain in wood for longer period. The reaction system of vanillin, ABTS, laccase and phosphate buffer solution was impregnated into poplar wood using vacuum-pressure method, and reacted at 40 °C for 6 h. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were used to confirm the grafting reaction actually occurring during the process. The decay resistance, leaching resistance and mechanical strength of grafted wood were evaluated. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) mapping was used to characterize the vanillin distribution. The results indicated that vanillin grafted poplar wood had good decay resistance, leaching resistance and higher strength. The mass loss of grafted poplar wood exposed to white-rot fungi [ Trametes versicolor (L. ex Fr.) Quél.] and brown-rot fungi [ Gloeophyllum trabeum (Pers.: Fr.) Murr.] decreased from original 46 and 13% to 9 and 4%, respectively, even after leaching. The modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of the grafted poplar were 11 and 26% stronger than original poplar wood. Vanillin was found in wood cell wall. It was actually esterified onto wood catalyzed by the laccase.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学
·
林业
·
生物技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2024
·
IF 5.6
Zhenju Bi,Xinqi Gao,Zhencui Bi,Li Yan,Yafang Lei,Chan Li
The wood used for construction should be able to cope with complex environments, especially water and decay fungi. To enhance the wood’s decay resistance and hydrophobicity, aromatic aldehydes such as vanillin, cinnamaldehyde, syringaldehyde, or protocatechualdehyde were grafted onto wood. The poplar ( Populus tomentosa Carr.) wood was impregnated with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) to aminate its cell wall, and then aromatic aldehydes were grafted onto the aminated wood through a Schiff base reaction. The findings indicated that this technique enhanced the leaching resistance of aromatic aldehydes in the wood. Furthermore, the durability level of wood grafted by vanillin or cinnamaldehyde was very durable (mass loss<5 %) even after the leaching test. Modified wood has hydrophobicity, manifested by strong anti-swelling efficiency (ASE), low equilibrium moisture content (EMC), and high water contact angle (>90°, air-dried) in 65 % relative humidity and saturated environments. The characterization of modified wood and its model compounds indicated that aromatic aldehydes were grafted onto the hydroxyl groups of wood through Schiff base under the mediation of APTES. This study obtained an outdoor green building wood with hydrophobic and decay resistance for outdoor use and expanded the application of aromatic aldehydes in wood.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
木材科学与技术
·
环境科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）