STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
·
2022
·Vol. 93
·期 7
·2100788
·
IF 2.126
Hongrui Yue,Gongjin Cheng,Jianxing Liu,Xiangxin Xue,Weijun Zhang
This study proposes a clean and effective routine and aims to solve the problems of material accumulation and hypoxia during roasting vanadium slag. The vanadium slag and CaO 2 powders are mixed, briquetted, and roasted at different parameters. The generated phases are Fe 2 O 3 , Fe–Mg oxides, Fe–Ti oxides, Ca 3 (VO 4 ) 2 , silicate, and SiO 2 after roasting. The solid reaction between V 2 O 5 and CaO is described using the vacancy diffusion mechanism. Ca 2+ (or V 5+ ) jumps and diffuses through the Ca 2+ (or V 5+ ) vacancies in the Ca 3 (VO 4 ) 2 layer and subsequently to the Ca 3 (VO 4 ) 2 /V 2 O 5 (or Ca 3 (VO 4 ) 2 /CaO) interface and reacts with V 2 O 5 (or CaO) and O 2 (decomposed from CaO 2 or transported from the air) to generate Ca 3 (VO 4 ) 2 . The vanadium leaching rate is very sensitive to the roasting parameters of CaO/V 2 O 5 molar ratio, temperature, time, and briquetting pressure. A maximum vanadium leaching rate of 98.31% is achieved with a CaO/V 2 O 5 molar ratio of 3/1, with temperature, time, and briquetting pressure being maintained at 900 °C, 50 min, and 10 MPa, respectively. The present routine, which greatly shortens the roasting time, can be realized through a rotary hearth furnace, and is likely to be accepted by both iron works and the environment due to its effective and clean characteristics.
研究领域:
冶金学
·
环境工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS
·
2023
·
IF 3.5
Xiyang He,Meng Yan,Wencai Cheng,Congcong Ding,Dujiang Liu,Xiaoyi Cui,Xiaoyan Shu,Yi Liu,Xiaoan Li,Du Liu,Xirui Lu
Developing an effective method to immobilize iodine waste has always been our ultimate goal. In this research, we use two methods (A: raw materials (B 2 O 3 , Bi 2 O 3 , ZnO, SiO 2 ) directly mixed with iodine waste to generate composite materials, B: raw materials are firstly synthesized into glass powders, then we mixed the glass powders with the iodine waste to generate composite materials) to immobilize iodine waste. There were about six phases in method A while only AgI peak appeared in method B. And SEM-EDS results for method A and B indicated that AgI existed in both encapsulated and dispersed distribution form and the XPS indicated the same chemical valence state and chemical environment. The variation of [BO 3 ], [BO 4 ] and [SiO 4 ] in FT-IR illustrated that the structure of the composite materials were mainly boron glass network and silica glass network for method A and B, respectively. The rest of iodine content for method A and B were 97.7% and 92.7% compared to the original sample. And the iodine leaching rate were 10 −7 and 10 −6 respectively. Comparing the values of the rest of iodine content and leaching rate, we consider the method A could be a potential method to treat iodine waste.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
·
2024
·
IF 2.8
Yang Li,Fen Luo,Jiahong Wang,Yu Gao,Gangchuan Ji,Xirui Lu
This study used a ternary Na 2 O-B 2 O 3 -SiO 2 matrix to simulate the immobilization of complex TRPO waste. The study investigated the relationship between the solidified bodies with different TRPO waste contents and their solid solubility, FT-IR, Vickers hardness, and density. The study found that the maximum amount of TRPO waste that can be immobilized in the Na 2 O-B 2 O 3 -SiO 2 matrix was 20 wt .%. When the TRPO waste content ranged from 5-15 wt .%, it was primarily immobilized in the glassy phase. When the TRPO waste content exceeded 20 wt .%, the crystalline phases NdBO 3 and Na 3 Nd(BO 3 ) 2 , which contain the main waste element Nd appeared. Samples containing 20 wt .% TRPO waste resulted in leaching of 10 -6 g·m -2 ·d -1 . The presence of NdBO 3 and Na 3 Nd(BO 3 ) 2 crystals resulted in a decrease in the Vickers hardness and density of the samples. The highest values for Vickers hardness and density were 6.77 GPa and 2.7 g -1 cm -3 , respectively. The borosilicate matrix utilized in this study has proven to be an effective immobilization of complex TRPO wastes and holds promise as a treatment matrix for TRPO wastes.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
·
2021
·Vol. 327
·期 3
·1159-1166
·
IF 1.371
Li Lingshuang,Luo Fen,Chen Zhi,Shu Xiaoyan,Tang Hexi,Chen Shunzhang,Wang Lan,Xie Yi,Lu Xirui
Abstract This work investigated the irradiation behavior of gray desert soil holding simulated An 4+ waste under an irradiation of 1.5 MeV Xe 20+ to fluences from 1 × 10 12 to 1 × 10 15 ions cm − 2 . The results indicated that the structure has no obvious change due to irradiation fluences and waste load. The normalized leaching rate of Ce after 28 days of the MCC-1 test is in the order of 1 × 10 − 5 g cm − 2 d − 1 before and after irradiation. This work identifies gray desert soil, which has good radiation resistance, as a potential matrix for solidification tetravalent actinides. Graphic abstract
研究领域:
环境科学
·
放射性废物管理
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
·
2023
·Vol. 106
·期 11
·7088-7097
·
IF 3.9
Shibing Zuo,Yang He,Yi You,Xiaoyan Shu,Mingfen Wen,Yuexiang Lu,Tao Duan,Jing Chen,Fen Luo,Faqin Dong,Xirui Lu
To extend the practicability of ceramics in immobilizing nuclear waste with fluctuant composition, structural design should be abandoned. The simulated tetravalent actinide waste An 4+ (Ce 4+ ) was directly doped into prepared Gd 2 Zr 2 O 7 , and the waste forms were synthesized by high-temperature solid-state reaction. It has been shown that the maximum loading of CeO 2 in Gd 2 Zr 2 O 7 lies between 20 and 30 wt.%, and Ce elements are uniformly distributed in the matrix. Existing in Ce 3+ and Ce 4+ , cerium ions automatically occupied both the Gd and Zr sites in Gd 2 Zr 2 O 7 according to valence equilibrium. This occupation causes the change of r (A 3+ )/ r (B 4+ ) and eventually leads to the structure transition from pyrochlore to fluorite. In addition, the normalized leaching rate of the sample with 60 wt.% of dopant was about 2.5 × 10 −7 g m −2 d −1 on the 35th day. In this study, a free occupation of simulated waste ions in ceramics was proposed.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
核废物管理
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
·
2024
·
IF 7.4
Guocan Zheng,Yingchun Zhang,Qinrui Du,Yingxia Zhang,Kehao Wang,Jingxiao Du
Electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) represents a solid waste generated during the production of electrolytic manganese. Under the leaching and dissolution by rainwater, manganese, ammonia nitrogen, and heavy metal ions in EMR can infiltrate into the surrounding environment, thereby disrupting ecological balance and posing threats to human health. This study optimized the leaching conditions for manganese from EMR using ammonium persulfate(APS) through single-factor and orthogonal experiments. It was found that temperature, APS concentration, and reaction time significantly influenced the manganese leaching efficiency. Under leaching temperature of 80°C, leaching time of 3 hours, APS concentration of 30 g/L, and a liquid-to-solid mass ratio of 6 mL/g, a high manganese leaching rate of 88.91 % was achieved in a single process, and significant removal of ammonia nitrogen was observed. After enhanced leaching, the content of organic matter and the total amount of water-soluble salt were 4.10 wt% and 3.11 wt%, respectively. And it meets the requirements of the standard GB 18599–2020 for solid waste entering the class II site in China. Kinetic analysis revealed that the manganese leaching process was controlled by intraparticle diffusion within the solid phase. Mineralogical phase analysis indicated that the primary mineral structures were oxidatively decoupled and disrupted, leading to the dissociation of aggregates, which facilitated the leaching of manganese and ammonia nitrogen. This study provides a practical, green, and economical technological route for the harmless treatment of EMR.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
·
2022
·Vol. 331
·期 7
·2919-2928
·
IF 1.754
Jiang Yuqi,Gao Shuaibo,Li Peng,Ma Yongsong,Yin Huayi,Wang Dihua
The waste LiCl–Li 2 O oxide reduction salt was solidified and transformed into sodalite by the spark plasma sintering method. Compared with traditional solidification method, SPS operates at a lower pressure, lower temperature, shorter processing time, and without sintering additive. The SPS-solidified sodalite presents a low porosity of 0.37% and low leaching rates of 2.21 g m –2 d –1 for Cs, 3.05 × 10 –1 g m –2 d –1 for Ba, and 3.12 × 10 –1 g m –2 d –1 for Sr. Overall, the SPS is a promising method to solidify various waste OR salts.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
核废料管理
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Advanced Ceramics
·
2017
·Vol. 7
·期 1
·41-49
·
IF 1.198
Peng Le,Zhang Kuibao,He Zongsheng,Yin Dan,Xue Jiali,Xu Chen,Zhang Haibin
In this research, Zr-doped Gd 2 Ti 2 O 7 pyrochlores, with the composition of Gd 2 (Ti 1- x Zr
x
) 2 O 7 , were firstly synthesized by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis plus quick pressing (SHS/QP) using CuO as the oxidant and Ti as the reductant. To improve the radiation resistance of titanate–pyrochlore, up to 35 at% Zr was incorporated to substitute the Ti site of Gd 2 Ti 2 O 7 pyrochlore (Gd 2 (Ti 0.75 Zr 0.35 ) 2 O 7 ). XRD and SEM microstructural characterizations showed the formation of a composite ceramic with the major pyrochlore phase and the minor Cu phase. The generated temperature of samples decreased from 1702 to 1011°C with increasing Zr content. The effects of sintering temperature and pressure time on phase composition and microstructure were systematically studied. Besides, the influence of thermal transmission on the whole combustion process was also explored. The pyrochlore-based waste form possessed high bulk density of 6.25 g/cm 3 and Vickers hardness of 10.81 GPa. The MCC-1 leaching test showed the normalized elemental leaching rates (42 d) of Cu, Gd, and Zr are 1.27×10 -2 , 1.33×10 -3 , and 8.44×10 -7 g·m -2 ·d -1 , respectively.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
核废料管理
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 9
Xue Bai,Yanzhi Sun,Jiahong Xie,Rui He,Lihui Zhang,Junqing Pan
Carbothermal reduction is considered to be an efficient and cost-effective method for the recovery of cathodes in spent lithium-ion batteries (S-LIBs). However, the conventional direct mixed roasting with high reaction temperature, slow solid phase reaction kinetics and uncontrollable reduction process greatly hinders the lithium recovery efficiency and carbon emission reduction. Here, we propose a dual super-liquid film reactors (SLFR) enhancement strategy to achieve nanoscale mixing of spent anode and cathode materials to improve the kinetics of the roasting and water leaching processes. This strategy reduces the reaction temperature and time to 550°C and 1 h, improves the mass transfer efficiency of the solid phase reaction and aqueous leaching, precisely reduces LCO to CoO instead of Co metal, increases the lithium leaching rate from 85.6 % to 98.6 %, shortens the leaching time from 60 min to 40 s, and reduces the carbon dosage from 5 % to the theoretical value of 3 %, achieving zero carbon emission from the reduction process. This work provides a new general strategy for efficient, clean and precise carbothermal reduction of spent cathode materials for selective lithium extraction, and demonstrates the scalability in industrial applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Cleaner Production
·
2024
·
IF 9.7
Zhihui Shen,Tiantian Wu,Jianlong Wang,Song Mao,Xianchen Wang
Efficient pretreatment of fine-disseminated gold ore is a challenge in effective gold extraction due to the invisible occurrence of the most encapsulated gold. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of co-pretreatment with eco-friendly CaO and Na 2 CO 3 to improve gold extraction from fine-disseminated gold ore using element content and valence measurement, phase composition analysis, micromorphology and structure characterization, and thermodynamic calculation . The results indicated that more than 75% of gold was encapsulated in pyrite, quartz and calcite . The gold leaching rate evidently increased with the reagent content and slurry temperature of the pretreatment , reaching a maximum of 86.55% at 60 °C and CaO and Na 2 CO 3 concentrations of 16 and 32 g/L, respectively. At lower concentrations of OH − or CO 3 2− , pyrite oxidation and quartz corrosion were both limited. Interestingly, at higher concentrations of OH − and CO 3 2− , pyrite was ultimately converted to Fe 2 O 3 and SO 4 2− under aerobic conditions ; meanwhile, partial dissolution products of quartz reacted with the intermediates of pyrite oxidation, generating a new phase of Fe 2 SiO 4 . In addition, the soluble intermediate ferric carbonate complexes, formed by the induction of sufficient CO 3 2− , inhibited the accumulation of the passivation layer on the pyrite surface, resulting in constant oxidation of pyrite. Furthermore, the oxidation of pyrite was the maximum at 60 °C, but limited at 90 °C due to the hindrance of oxidation product coating. As a result, the phase transition of gold-bearing pyrite and quartz could be enhanced by the synergistic pretreatment of CaO and Na 2 CO 3 , resulting in an approximately 30% increase in both exposed gold content and gold leaching rate. This research proposes a promising green pretreatment with cost benefits for fine-disseminated gold ore and provides significant insights into phase transition regulation to improve gold leaching.
研究领域:
矿物加工工程
·
冶金学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF WUHAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY-MATERIALS SCIENCE EDITION
·
2021
·Vol. 36
·期 2
·196-202
·
IF 0.957
Xie Dayan,Zhang Kuibao,Li Weiwei,Luo Baozhu,Guo Haiyan
We reported a rapid synthesis of Sm 3+ /Zr 4+ co-doped Gd 2 Ti 2 O 7 pyrochlore simulated nuclear wastes solidification by self-propagation plus quick pressing technique. With increment excess contents of Sm 2 O 3 and ZrO 2 from 0 to 10wt%, the phase composition of the products is a mixed phase of pyrochlore structure and defective fluorite structure by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and Raman spectrum. In addition, the SEM results demonstrate the fracture surface and microstructure of Gd 2 Ti 2 O 7 -based pyrochlore. The densified pyrochlore waste form exhibits high bulk density of 5.56 g·cm −3 and vickers hardness of 11.20±0.2 GPa. The leaching tests show that the elemental leaching rates of Gd, Sm, and Cu after 42 days are 1.92×10 −4 , 1.51×10 −4 , and 3.90×10 −3 g·m −2 ·d −1 , respectively.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
核化学与放射化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering
·
2021
·Vol. 15
·期 6
·1-12
·
IF 4.357
Meng Fanling,Xia Yunxue,Zhang Jianshuai,Qiu Dong,Chu Yaozhu,Tang Yuanyuan
Chromium slag usually contains various heavy metals, making its safe treatment difficult. Glass-ceramic sintering has been applied to resolve this issue and emerged as an effective method for metal immobilization by incorporating heavy metals into stable crystal structures. Currently, there is limited knowledge about the reaction pathways adopted by multiple heavy metals and the co-stabilization functions of the crystal structure. To study the Cu/Cr co-stabilization mechanisms during thermal treatment, a simulated system was prepared using a mixture with a molar ratio of Al 2 O 3 :Fe 2 O 3 :Cr 2 O 3 : CuO = 1:1:1:3. The samples were sintered at temperatures 600–1300°C followed by intensive analysis of phase constitutions and microstructure development. A spinel phase (CuFe x Al y Cr 2− x − y O 4 ) started to generate at 700°C and the incorporation of Cu/Cr into the spinel largely complete at 900°C, although the spinel peak intensity continued increasing slightly at temperatures above 900°C. Fe 2 O 3 /Cr 2 O 3 was more easily incorporated into the spinel at lower temperatures, while more Al 2 O 3 was gradually incorporated into the spinel at higher temperatures. Additionally, sintered sample microstructures became more condensed and smoother with increased sintering temperature. Cu / Cr leachability substantially decreased after Cu/Cr incorporation into the spinel phase at elevated temperatures. At 600°C, the leached ratios for Cu and Cr were 6.28% and 0.65%, respectively. When sintering temperature was increased to 1300°C, the leached ratios for all metal components in the system were below 0.2%. This study proposes a sustainable method for managing Cu/Cr co-exist slag at reasonable temperatures.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
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