Wanshun Deng,Rui Guo,Gang Wang,Zhixiang Zeng,Tianhui Ren,Shuaijun Pan
Hypothesis With varied affinities for distinct liquids, liquid/solid interfaces can exhibit different stability against external liquids. For liquid-infused Janus membranes with different surface chemistry, there may be significant osmotic pressure gradients across the membrane, facilitating liquid gating of various liquids in diverse systems. Such strategy may highly widen the application areas of liquid gating technology. Experiments Liquid-infused Janus membranes were prepared via the combination of hydroxyapatite (amphiphilic but more water-loving) on one side and 3-(dodecylamino) propane-1-sulfonic acid (amphiphilic but more oil-loving) on the other side and subsequent infusion of various liquids (water or oils). The gating property of them was studied for all the conditions and the application potential in various areas including medical and micro-reaction was also explored. Findings After being infused with certain liquids (i.e., water or oils), the obtained membranes displaying opposite affinity toward water and oils can universally gate immiscible liquids at a high rectification ratio in air and in liquids. The interfacial instability of liquid films on the reverse sides was found to be critical in the achievement of liquid gating. Moreover, such gating property is also applicable in the transportation of various soluble substances (ions and drugs) and facilitating the dislodgement of blood.
The ability of membrane technologies to dynamically tune the transport behavior for gases and liquids is critical for their applications. Although various methods have been developed to improve membrane success, tradeoffs still exist among their properties, such as permeability, selectivity, fouling resistance, and stability, which can greatly affect the performance of membranes. Existing elastomeric membrane designs can provide antifracture properties and flexibility; however, these designs still face certain challenges, such as low tensile strength and reliability. Additionally, researchers have not yet thoroughly developed membranes that can avoid fouling issues while realizing precise dynamic control over the transport substances. In this study, we show a versatile strategy for preparing graphene oxide-reinforced elastomeric liquid gating membranes that can finely modulate and dynamically tune the sorting of a wide range of gases and liquids under constant applied pressures. Moreover, the produced membranes exhibit antifouling properties and are adaptable to different length scales, pressures, and environments. The filling of graphene oxide in the thermoplastic polyurethane matrix enhances the composites through hydrogen bonds. Experiments and theoretical calculations are carried out to demonstrate the stability of our system. Our membrane exhibits good stretchability, recovery, and durability due to the elastic nature of the solid matrix and dynamic nature of the gating liquid. Dynamic control over the transport of gases and liquids is achieved through our optimized interfacial design and controllable pore deformation, which is induced by mechanical stimuli. Our strategy will create new opportunities for many applications, such as gas-involved chemical reactions, multiphase separation, microfluidics, multiphase microreactors, and particulate material synthesis.
Rishun Li,Lizhi Zhao,Lixian Wang,Xiaofu Wang,Xianglong Xiao,Xiaoli Ding,Hui Ye,Yuzhong Zhang,Hong Li
Membrane technology plays an important role in sustainable water treatment; however, the non-adjustable pores make it difficult to achieve precise molecular separation, and membrane fouling remains a challenge in membrane processes. Herein, a smart liquid gated membrane (LGM) was prepared by filling different lubricants in the micropores of PET track-etched membrane that was pre-treated with nano roughening and fluorination. When the pressure exceeds a critical breakthrough pressure, the liquid lined pores are formed, and higher gating liquid/water interfacial tension requires higher pressure to break through the gate. The effective pore size of LGM increases with increasing pressure. When the pressure is removed, the liquid refilling that leads to pore-closing is promoted by lower lubricant viscosity and larger effective pore size. Through the tunable permeability, controllable removal and multi-component separation of organic/bacterial contaminants can be achieved. The maximum rejection for protein approaches 94 %; as the pressure increases, three components are separated in the order of pectin, soy protein isolate and Staphylococcus aureus with maximum separation coefficient of 56.7. Due to the stable lubricant lining, LGM shows excellent self-cleaning performance with much higher flux recovery rate than the non-lubricated membranes. This liquid gated membrane has great application prospects in size-fractionated separation and product recovery.
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