FUEL
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2022
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IF 8.035
Wenying Wang,Wei Wang,Zhongpeng Zhu,Xiaoming Hu,Fulin Qiao,Jing Yang,Dan Liu,Pu Chen,Qundan Zhang
The detergent additives added into gasoline can effectively reduce the accumulation of coke deposits in engine and improve the exhaust emission pollution. The cleaning effect of detergent additives depends on the contents and compositions of the active components which usually contain a terminal amino group. In this work, a quantitative method was established to determine the polyetheramines of detergent additives in gasoline by the ninhydrin reaction. Unlike the small molecule compounds containing amino groups, such as amino acids and alkylamines, the formation of vesicles significantly increased the reactivity between polyetheramines and ninhydrin. The ninhydrin reaction was prohibited when the vesicles of polyetheramines were destroyed by adding ethanol, which was confirmed by the mass spectrometry and dynamic light scattering results. At the optimized condition, the reaction between the polyetheramines and ninhydrin generated a blue-purple dye (Ruhemann’s purple) with a strong absorption at 560 nm. This reaction was highly selective, sensitive, and rapid. This quantitative method could distinguish the active components (polyetheramines) from the carrier oils (polyethers) in detergent additives. Aniline compounds in gasoline also did not interfere with the measurement of polyetheramines. The quantitative range was between 50 and 1000 mg/kg. The whole procedure could be finished in about 30 min. The accuracy of this method was verified using four different commercial polyetheramines and the results showed that the method was applicable to different types of detergent additives with relative errors lower than 10 %.
研究领域:
化学
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环境科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF SURFACTANTS AND DETERGENTS
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2020
·Vol. 24
·期 1
·99-109
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IF 1.654
Liangliang Zhang,Chenyu Liu,Fugui Li,Weihong Qiao
With the development of high-speed railways, there is an increasing demand for high-efficiency and environmentally friendly high-speed rail exterior surface cleaning agents. Based on emulsification experiment, contact angle experiment, solvent solubility experiment, and decontamination effect, this article provides the initial formulation for basic high-speed rail surface cleaner and a variety of improved formulations for special environments. The initial formulation uses cetostearyl alcohol ethoxylate C 16-18 -EO 10 (O-10) and 2-propyl-1-heptano ethoxylate i-C 10 -EO 5 (XP-50) as surfactants, dipropylene glycol butyl ether as solvent, citric acid as chelating agent, benzotriazole (BTA), sodium benzoate (SB), and triethanolamine (TEOA) as corrosion inhibitors. Then it is confirmed that adding 3% sodium percarbonate to the initial formula can effectively clean stubborn dirt. Increasing the BTA mass fraction to 3%, TEOA to 12%, add linoleic acid 2%, aluminum corrosion inhibitor (CIA) 3%, and Antirust 316 3%, can significantly improve the high-temperature corrosion-resistant detergent. Controlling BTA concentration not exceed than 0.5%, and adding an appropriate amount of hydrotrope (such as sodium xylenesulfonate), can ensure that the detergent will not delaminate within 6 h at 60°C, which effectively prolong its high temperature stability. The performance test results show that both initial formula and the improved formula meet the basic requirements, but the improved formula shows better performance in terms of cleaning ability, high-temperature corrosion resistance or high-temperature stability.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CULTURAL HERITAGE
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2022
·
IF 3.229
Juwen Guo,Encong Shi,Xinxin Mu,Jing Han,Wenxuan Qu,Yan Song,Sang Da,Ozhu Dawa,Feng Gao,Ling Guo,Austin Nevin
This work focuses on the study of the removal of overpaint from the stone carvings of the Potala Palace, Tibet. The removal of historical mortar and overpaint is a significant challenge for the conservation of stone carvings and requires careful optimization. Paints applied in the past were made of a mixture of hydraulic lime, water and milk, and are causing damage to the carvings of the Potala Palace. The protein content of lime-based paint samples collected from the Potala Palace was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To optimize the removal of the overpaint without causing abrasion or other damage to the underlying stone carvings, we prepared a simulated paint with the same protein content. Removal rate and color difference were used to select the best cleaning agent from ionic surfactant, ethanol/aqueous solutions, five proteases and Twin-20 (non-ionic surfactant). With color difference and gloss as evaluation indexes, the influencing factors (temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, and enzyme hydrolysis time) were measured. Results suggest that alkaline protease was the most suitable cleaning agent for removing surface paint, and the best working condition is an enzymatic dosage of 1.92 mg/mL under 42 °C, pH of 9.5, with a hydrolysis time of 5.4 min. This method generated the desired color difference of 2.25 and the minimal gloss (0.1 ± 0.1 GU) on the underlying stone, with no significant variation from the predicted value ( P < 0.05). Before and after cleaning, the change in surface roughness was less than 10%. This study provided a feasibility plan for removing the paints from the outer wall of the Potala Palace by using enzymatic hydrolysis.
研究领域:
文化遗产保护
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化学
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Cleaner Production
·
2023
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IF 11.1
Ruxia Ning,Xichuang Cheng,Fenglun Zhang,Diansong Chen,Weixin Li,Leping Zhang,Liwei Zhu,Jianxin Jiang
Camellia oleifera Able fruit shell (COS) is a valuable lignocellulosic waste resource. The objective of this study was to evaluate the variability in properties of COS saponins during the late growth stage and their potential as agents for foam cleaning. We tested the physical parameters of camellia fruits collected from five maturity stages, analyzed the chemical components of COS, as well as extracted saponins to evaluate their structure, surface tension, foaming property, wettability , and cleaning power. The findings revealed a gradual decrease followed by an increase in saponin content as maturity progressed. Notably, COS saponin exhibited the lowest surface tension (33.10 mN/m) and superior wettability (32.87°) 4 weeks before ripening. The foaming capacity of COS saponins reaches up to 163% with a stability exceeding 95%. Moreover, the detergency of COS saponins is comparable to that of commercial detergents. This study contributes to the adequate utilization of camellia shell saponin, and gives implications for its applications as environmentally foam cleaning agents.
研究领域:
农业科学
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化学工程
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环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
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2022
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IF 10.383
Jinxuan Zhang,Huiru Zhang,Yinhua Wan,Jianquan Luo
Chemical cleaning is indispensable for the sustainable operation of nanofiltration (NF) in wastewater treatment. However, the common chemical cleaning methods are plagued by low cleaning efficiency, high chemical consumption, and separation performance deterioration. In this work, a chemoenzymatic cascade reaction is proposed for pollutant degradation and polyamide NF membrane cleaning. Glucose oxidase (GOD) enzymatic reaction in this cascade system produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and gluconic acid to trigger the oxidation of foulants by Fe3O4-catalyzed Fenton reaction. By virtue of the microenvironment (pH and H2O2 concentration) engineering and substrate enrichments, this chemoenzymatic cascade reaction (GOD–Fe3O4) exhibits a favorable degradation efficiency for bisphenol A and methyl blue (MB). Thanks to the strong oxidizing degradation, the water flux of the NF10 membrane fouled by MB is almost completely recovered (∼95.8%) after a 3-cycle fouling/cleaning experiment. Meanwhile, the chemoenzymatic cascade reaction improves the applicability of the Fenton reaction in polyamide NF membrane cleaning because it prevents the membrane from damaging by high concentration of H2O2 and inhibits the secondary fouling caused by ferric hydroxide precipitates. By immobilizing GOD on the aminated Fe3O4 nanoparticles, a reusable cleaning agent is prepared for highly efficient membrane cleaning. This chemoenzymatic cascade reaction without the addition of an acid/base/oxidant provides a promising candidate for sustainable and cost-effective cleaning for the polyamide NF membrane.
研究领域:
环境工程
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水处理
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膜技术
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生物催化
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）